www.kk.dk environmental protection agency city of copenhagen copenhagen waste management

www.kk.dk

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYCITY OF COPENHAGEN

COPENHAGENWASTE MANAGEMENT

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT2 JUNE 2006

Ministry of Environment and EnergyNational Environmental Protection Agency

The Danish Model of Waste Management (1)

• Environmental Protection Act• Statutory Order on Waste• General objectives and Guidelines

Regions (5)

•Approval of Treatment Facilities•Physical Planning

Municipalities (99)

• Waste Planning• Waste Regulations• Enforcement



Environmental Protection Act

• Use of cleaner technologies• Municipalities are in charge of all waste

– duty to set up regulations– duty to prepare a waste management plan

• The Minister for the Environment can decide to set up municipal partnerships and oblige municipalities to join these

• New landfills can only be owned by public authorities



Municipal obligations, Statutory Order on Waste

• Waste Planning– mapping of quantities (1 year)– detailed action plan (4 years)– long term prognosis (12 years)

• Waste Regulation– set up regulations for waste sorting, handling etc.– inspection

• Assignment of a form of handling for all waste produced locally– waste producers must use the assigned form of

handling


NATIONAL REGULATION

Waste tax Recycling 0 DKK/ton Incineration 330 DKK/ton (44 EURO) Landfill 375 DKK/ton (50 EURO) On top of this tax comes the treatment fee

Ban on landfill of combustible waste Phase out private landfill owners


City of Copenhagen, Key Figures 2004

• Area: 89.8 km2

• Inhabitants: 501.664– average household 1,8 person

• Households: 272.618– of which approximately 21,000 are single

family houses• Enterprises: 23.900• Workplaces: 360.000


FROM LANDFILL TO RECYCLING

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200x

1000

t

1988 1992 1994 1999 2004

Recycling

Incineration

Landfill


IN MY BACK YARD…

Distance from City Hall (pink)

4 km E: Incineration plant

5 km S:

Composting plant

C & D waste recycling

Contamin. soil landfill

10 km SW: Controlled landfill

10 km W: Incineration plant


FACTORS

Municipal waste planning and regulation

Waste treatment facilities – inter-municipal partnerships

Open and transparent decision making process

High environmental standard

National waste tax


MUNICIPAL REGULATION

Municipal responsibility for all waste Household – commercial – industrial – hazardous -

demolition

Waste separation at source A precondition for quality recycling

Household waste collected by the non-profit, concessionary company R98


COMMERCIAL WASTE RULES

Criteria for transport and treatment 360 waste carriers and 75 waste receivers The polluter pays Market based competition on price and quality


SEPARATION AT SOURCE

BASIC TREATMENT Combustible waste Non-combustible waste Contaminated soil Hazardous waste Infectious waste Perishable waste Asbestos

RECYCLING Cardboard & paper Construction & demolition waste Food waste Garden & park waste Glass & bottles Iron & metal PE plastics Recyclable PVC plastics Recyclable hazardous waste Sandblasting agents Waste of electronic equipment Refrigerators


Limits for Separation at SourceTypes of waste, which should be separated at source, if the amounts exceed the following limits:

Garden and park 2 m3 per monthBottles and glass 50 kg or 150 bottles per monthCardboard No lower limitPaper No lower limitSheet glass No lower limitPE-plastics 25 kg or 1m3 per monthPVC-plastics 10 kg per building projectPreserved wood 10 kg per building projectDebris of concrete, tilesand asphalt 1 tonne per building projectFood 100 kg per week separated

Amounts under the limits should be separated in waste suitable for incineration and waste not suitable for incineration.


Duties of Commercial Waste Management

Waste Producers must separate at source use designated schemes keep records of waste types, amounts and handling report C & D activities to municipality report hazardous waste to municipality

Waste carriers must control separation and labelling deliver to assigned treatment plants report type, amount, producer and receiver of waste

Waste receiving enterprises must control separation and labelling treat waste as agreed report type, amount and carrier of waste


Treatment Plants, Municipal Partnerships Incineration: Amagerforbrænding (1970)

- Capacity: 400,000 t/year

- Energy Production: 2,844,000 GJ/year (heat 75%, elec. 25%)

- Partners: Copenhagen and 4 other municipalities

•Incineration: Vestforbrænding (1970)


- Energy Production: 4,200,000 GJ/year (heat 90%, elec. 10%)

- Partners: Copenhagen and 20 other municipalities

•Landfill: AV miljø (1989)

- Capacity: 2 mill. m³

- Partners: Amagerforbrænding and Vestforbrænding


Treatment Plants, Municipal Partnerships

•Hazardous Waste: Greater Copenhagen Receiving Station (1972) - Capacity: 10,000 t/year

- Partners: Copenhagen and Fr.berg Municipalities (potentially 18 more municipalities)

•Hazardous Waste: Kommunekemi Ldt. (1972)


- Partners: Copenhagen and 274 municipalities

Recycling: Copenhagen Recycling Centre, KMC (1996)- Recycling of construction + demolition waste- Compost of garden + park waste- Biological treatment of contaminated soil- Landfilling of contaminated soil- Future landfill, 2,5 mill. m³


Tasks

Copenhagen EPA:Waste Management PlanLocal legislationInspectionHandling complaintsDeveloping WM system

Waste collection company:Collecting and transporting wasteSupplying containers, bins etc.Handling complaintsDeveloping WM system

Incineration plants:Incinerating received wasteProducing heat and electricityOperating recycling stationsDeveloping WM system

Landfill:Landfilling received wasteDeveloping WM system


FINANCING 2006

Municipal waste collection fee:

413 mill. DKK (54 mill. EURO)

Contribution to inter-municipal partnerships:

52 mill. DKK (68 mill. EURO)

Waste fee: 21 mill. DKK (2,8 mill. EURO)


OPEN PLANNING PROCESS

Planning process of Copenhagen Recycling Center Regional planning procedure Local planning procedure Nature conservation procedure Environmental permit procedure for each treatment

plant

Public hearing processes Adopted view-points of interested parties Restoration funded by recycling activities


RECYCLING CENTER

Future landfill turned into Recycling Center:

Recycling of construction & demolition waste

Compost of garden & park waste

Biological treatment of contaminated soil

Landfill of contaminated soil

Future landfill


WASTE TO ENERGY

DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM Copenhagen metropolitan region More than 100 km double pipes

COMBINED HEAT & POWER Amagerforbrænding (2002) Electricity 168 000 MWh Heat 799 000 MWh Total energy prod. 2.28 MWh/t

Vestforbrænding (2002) Electricity 108 000 MWh Heat 1 118 000 MWh Total energy prod. 2.52 MWh/t


ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

FLUE GAS AMAGERFORBRÆNDING14 OCT 2004, 9:38 am

0

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100

HCl SO2 Particles NOX CO

% of threshold value for 30 minutes % of threshold value for 24 hours


Waste Plan 2008 Objectives

Reduce waste and reduce contents of hazardous components in the waste

Make better use of the resources in the waste and reduce waste to incineration and landfill

Environmental value for money

A waste management system that matches the town

A waste management system that makes sense and is familiar


Waste Treatment by Source 2002

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HouseholdCommercial C & D Total

Recycling

Incineration

Landfilling

%

www.kk.dk environmental protection agency city of copenhagen copenhagen waste management

Documents

waste duty

waste receivers

waste carriers

waste sorting

waste producers

years waste regulation

waste general objectives

recycling slide