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Clean Coal Technologies in AustraliaClean Coal Technologies in AustraliaA Brief Overview of Research, Development and A Brief Overview of Research, Development and

DemonstrationDemonstration

John CarrasChairman – Australian Consortium of the IEA GHG

Programme

Technical Forum, 16 October 2007, Daejeon Korea

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Australia’s Greenhouse Gas EmissionsAustralia’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions

• Australia emitted 559 M tonnes CO2 equiv. (2005)

• Australia has not signed the Kyoto Protocol but has committed to the Kyoto target of a 108% increase over 1990 emissions (to 2012) – currently on track

• Australia’s greenhouse gas intensity (per capita) at ~27 tonnes CO2 –

equiv. per capita is among the highest in the world

• Australia’s greenhouse gas intensity (per $ of GDP) is 0.7 kg CO2

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Importance of Coal to AustraliaImportance of Coal to Australia

• Black coal is Australia’s largest commodity export and is worth $25 billion (AUD) per annum

• Australia is the world’s largest exporter of coal

• Electricity generation accounts for ~35% of Australia’s net GHG emissions

• Australia’s electricity derives mainly from coal (57% black coal, 30% brown coal)

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Australian Research Organisations in CCTAustralian Research Organisations in CCT

• Cooperative Research Centre for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD)

• Centre for Low Emission Technologies (cLET)• Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies

(CO2CRC)• Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP)• Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

(CSIRO)

• All above organisations are members of the Australian Consortium of the IEA GHG Programme

• Until 2006 there was also a CRC for Clean Power from Lignite

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CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD)(CCSD)

• CCSD aims to optimise the contribution of coal to a sustainable future

• CCSD focuses on the three dimensions of sustainability

• Research Programs• Economic, social and environmental assessment • Current power generation• Transitional power generation• Future scenarios and technologies• Ironmaking• By products and waste

• Research Programs deliver outcomes that:• Inform Strategic Decisions • Improve Environmental Performance • Understand Coal Performance in Technology

• www.ccsd.biz

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Centre for Low Emissions Technology (cLET)Centre for Low Emissions Technology (cLET)

• ‘…develop cost effective new clean coal technologies that, when combined with CO2 capture and storage, will dramatically reduce emissions…’

• Research Program Areas• Gasification and core facility• Gas cleaning• Gas processing• Gas separation• Social and economic integration

• Partners • Queensland Government• CSIRO• Australian Coal Association Research Program• Stanwell Corporation• Tarong Energy• Unioversity of Queensland

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Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC)Technologies (CO2CRC)

• CO2CRC focuses on carbon dioxide capture and geological storage

• Research Programs• Storing CO2

• develop and deploy technologies that can achieve significant cuts in storage and/or usage costs

• Capturing C02

• develop and deploy technologies that can achieve significant cuts (75-80%) in capture cost.

• Demonstration Program and Regional CO2 Strategies • demonstrate through pilot projects that geosequestration or carbon

capture and storage (CCS) is a viable option for CO2 mitigation under Australian conditions

www.CO2CRC.com.au

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Australian Coal Association Research Program Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP)(ACARP)

• To research develop and demonstrate technologies that lead to safe sustainable production and utilisation of coal

• Broad research areas • Underground• Open cut• Coal preparation• Technical market support• Greenhouse gas mitigation• Mining and the community

• Coal producers pay 5 cents per tonne to fund ACARP

• www.acarp.com.au

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CSIROCSIRO

• Australia’s largest research organisation

• Portfolio of energy related research including• Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, CCT)

• Renewables (solar, wind, biofuels)

• Energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors)

• Distributed energy

• Energy modelling

• Greenhouse gas mitigation

• www.csiro.au

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Clean Coal Technology Pilot and Demonstration ProjectsClean Coal Technology Pilot and Demonstration Projects 1. IDGCC (HRL)2. Monash Energy -Gasification/ GtL/ CSS3. Stanwell IGCC/ CSS - ZeroGen Project4. CS Energy Oxyfuel Project5. International Power - Lignite Power Repowering, Drying and

Capture6. Gorgon 7. Zero Carbon - Fairview8. CO2CRC Otway Basin Project9. Kwinana Project10. Latrobe Valley PCC Project 11. Moombah Carbon Storage12. APP - Post Combustion Capture Project 13. APP - Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Project

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IDGCC Technology - HRLIDGCC Technology - HRL

• Wet brown coal drying, gasification and power generation

• Proven at 10MW scale with power sent to grid

Planned: 400MW demonstration project in Latrobe Valley (Vic)

• 30% lower CO2• 50% lower water use

compared with current best Latrobe Valley plant

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Project Latrobe Valley (Victoria) Brown Coal

Advanced coal drying

Gasification

Gas to Liquids

Carbon capture and storage

Status Currently undergoing design specification

Partners Anglo Coal – Shell

Monash Energy

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ZeroGen Clean Coal Demonstration Project Overview

Zero Gen will investigate the viability of integrating coal based gasification and CCS to produce low emission baseload electricity.

• ZeroGen involves Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

• 60-80 MW gasifier storing approximately 320,00 tonnes CO2 per annum in saline reservoir

• The ZeroGen Demonstration Project

•Stanwell Corporation Limited (Stanwell)

•Queensland Government

•Shell

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CS Energy - Callide Oxyfuel ProjectCS Energy - Callide Oxyfuel Project

• The Callide Oxyfuel Project is a retrofit to a 30 MWe coal-fired Unit in Central Queensland.

• Partners include CS Energy, Xstrata Coal, Australian Coal Association, IHI, Jcoal, JPower, Schlumberger, CCSD, CO2CRC, Commonwealth Gov (LETDF)

• The Project scope includes oxygen production (660 tpd), boiler refurbishment and oxy-fule retrofit (30 Mwe unit), CO2 compression and purification(100tpd), road transport and geological storage (50 to 75 tpd liquid CO2)

• Will operate for 5 years from late 2009.• Project funding has been secured, and current work is focused on

detailed engineering design and the development of project agreements.

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Lignite Power Plant Repowering, Drying and Capture (International Power)

• $A 369 million total project costs ($A 80 million Govt funds)

• International Power• Alstom (EPC contractor and combustion technology provider)• RWE (Coal drying technology provider)• Process Group (EPC contractor for CO2 capture plant)• CO2CRC (Technology support for CO2 capture plant)

• 200 MW boiler retrofit in Latrobe Valley (1/8 of plant)

• Demonstrating • RWE steam fluidised bed drying for 60% moisture lignite• 100% firing of dried coal• 25 tpd CO2 post combustion capture

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Gorgon ProjectGorgon Project

• Development of Greater Gorgon gas fields

• Two 5 million tonne per annum LNG trains

• CO2 separation from gas stream

• GHG management via injection of carbon dioxide into saline formations beneath Barrow Island

• 40year lifetime, 3million tonne per annum CO2

• Joint Venture – Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell

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Zero Carbon Power from Coal Seams- FairviewZero Carbon Power from Coal Seams- Fairview

• 100MW power station fuelled by coal seam methane from ECBM

• Capture and store 1/3 of carbon dioxide emissions per annum or 100,000 tpa.

• Project will demonstrate use of coal seams as a source of fuel for power generation

• Seams at 600m -1000m

• 10 year demonstration period

• Proponent is Fairview Power Pty Limited a wholly owned subsidiary of Santos Limited

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Otway Basin Pilot Project – CO2CRCOtway Basin Pilot Project – CO2CRC

Project• Most advanced project in Australia

• Injection, storage, monitoring and verification of 100,000 t CO2 injected under Australian conditions

• Project being led by CO2CRC

Progress

Injection planned for late 2007

• Storage of the CO2-rich gas in the Waarre C Formation at 2100m deep.

• Monitoring of the CO2 migrating plume using a wide range of technologies.

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Kwinana ProjectKwinana Project

• Kwinana hydrogen power project

• Gasification of sub-bituminous coal

• Gas separation with hydrogen providing 500MWe

• 4 Million tonne of CO2 per year to be captured, compressed transported and injected 2km below the surface into a saline formation

• Hydrogen Energy (BP and Rio Tinto)

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Latrobe Valley Post Combustion Capture Latrobe Valley Post Combustion Capture ProjectProject

• Focus is on the reduction of emissions from brown coal power stations

• Demonstrate carbon dioxide capture at operating power stations

• Project participants – Victorian Government, CO2CRC, Loy Yang Power, International Power, CSIRO

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Moomba Carbon Storage ProjectMoomba Carbon Storage Project• Almost I billion tonnes of CO2 can be stored, overall

• 20 million tonnes CO2 per year to be injected

• Stage 1 – Demonstration program

• Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery process

• CO2 captured, transported and injected

• 1 million tonne CO2 per year injected

• Start in 2010

• Proof of concept of large scale storage

• Subsequent stages will collect CO2 from east coast generators

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Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (APP)

Post Combustion Capture(PCC)

• Laboratory research and evaluation for sorbents and membrane development, and energy integration

• Pilot plant research and development – Australia and China (Mobile Pilot Plant)

• Project coordinator CSIRO

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APP - ECBM•ECBM field trials in Australia and China

•R&D Project

•Aim is to develop technologies to overcome coal swelling with CO2 adsorption

•Project Coordinators - CSIRO and JCOAL (Japan)

•Project to begin in early 2008

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SummarySummary

• There are a number of significant CCT projects scheduled in Australia and beginning over the next 5 years

• These projects will provide invaluable learnings in CCT and will highlight potential scale up issues

• Projects, in many cases, are partnerships between industry, government and researchers

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Thank YouThank You

John CarrasChairman – Australian Consortium of the

IE GHG Programme

john.carras@csiro.au