· pdf filellc, a company that owns 100 percent of the xpand™ ip. currently the product...

© Global Energy Options Holding S.A. / Global Energy Options (U.S.) Inc. 2013. All rights reserved. www.GEOHydrogen.net

Introducing Xpand™

Xpand™ – The Friction Reducing Breakthrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1The Invention of Xpand™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Current Conventional Lubrication Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Xpand™ – A Unique Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Savings and Efficiencies Through Advanced Materials Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Xpand™ and How it Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Xpand™ Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Xpand Technical Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8The Benefits of Xpand™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Xpand™ Safety Data and Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Directions for Use

Light Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Medium and Heavy Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Xpand™ Product Testing Details

Xpand™ International Clients and Industry Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Industry Testing in the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Falex Pin and Vee Block Test - to failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Falex Pin and Vee Block Test - no failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27University of Melbourne Roller Bearing Load Figures (Full Report Available) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28BHP Technical Services Wear Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30EPA Hydrocarbons Emissions and Fuel Consumption Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Survey: Denver Public Schools Bus Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Helsinki Technical University Test: Xpand (Private Label) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Xpand™ Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Xpand™ Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

© Global Energy Options Holding S.A. / Global Energy Options (U.S.) Inc. 2013. All rights reserved. www.GEOHydrogen.net 1

We know the greatest existing limitation to efficiency in engines, transmissions, differentials, hydraulic systems, bearing systems, and related machines is the unit’s inherent friction-caused inertia. This problem has been addressed with a wide range of products, from fats and tallow in ancient days, to today’s high-tech coating and lubricant extenders that serve as additives to oil and grease. Until the availability of Xpand™, lubricants and additives on the market today show little, if any, improvement in reducing friction; some current products have even been found to cause detrimental effects.

Xpand™ – The Friction Reducing Breakthrough

Xpand™ metal conditioner changes the molecular structure at the point of friction to produce a denser surface with a vastly lower coefficient of friction, resulting in more economical operations. Modifying the surface of ferrous metal a few microns deep enables a vastly lower coefficient of friction. Xpand™ provides relief from friction that, until the 90s, industrial manufacturers had learned to accept.

Xpand TM is a proprietary compound suitable for standard and high performance engines, diesel transport, marine, manufacturing and especially for all heavy industry applications.

Xpand TM reduces friction up to 75% in all ferrous metal.

Global Energy Options (GEO), collectively GEO Holding, and its subsidiaries, is in the business of inventing, developing, manufacturing, selling and distributing technology that significantly reduces the causes of pollution. GEO manufactures products in the USA and has distributors in Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific.

Xpand TM is a metal conditioner - an innovative technology engineered in liquid form - that works in harmony with your equipment to increase performance and longevity by reducing friction, heat and wear. Xpand TM allows your equipment to work optimally, saving you money and fuel while reducing your carbon footprint.

“The harsher the conditions the better our product performs compared to any other ‘lubricated ferrous metal’ antifriction solutions.”

John DeeFounder and PresidentGlobal Energy Options Inc.

2 www.GEOHydrogen.net © Global Energy Options Holding S.A. / Global Energy Options (U.S.) Inc. 2013. All rights reserved.

The Invention of Xpand™

Originally developed in the 1980s by Leonard Marra for NASA’s Space Shuttle Crawler, Xpand™ is manufactured in the United States by GEO for international distribution. GEO has focused its attention on eliminating unnecessary costs and waste in all stages of manufacturing to pass the savings on to you and to support our environment; both valuable resources.

“I was asked to design a friction modifier which ultimately was used for the NASA Shuttle Launch Tractor in the 1980’s. Xpand™ was the amazing result.... still having no peers.”

UntreatedCutaway view of casehardened surface shows even surface and the bearing surface shows no wear.

Rockwell Surface Hardness Untreated - 35 RbAn untreated cylinder wall shows a rough surface (unseen by the naked eye), which causes friction, heat and wear leading to a shorter lifespan of engines and machines.

Treated with Xpand™ Extreme LoadCutaway view of casehardened surface shows even color and the bearing surface shows no wear. The different shades, prove Xpand™ penetrates the casehardened surface and treats the metal.

Rockwell Surface Hardness Treated with Xpand™ - 72RbThe same cylinder wall, after being treated with Xpand™, is smother and denser, resulting in less friction and extended engine and machine life.

Xpand™ impregnates the surface of the ferrous metal, increasing the density of the metal and reducing friction and wear.

Magnified Images of new bearing, before and after

metal conditioning

Magnified 1500X Magnified 1500X

Leonard MarraNASA Hall of Fame Honoree


Current Conventional Lubrication Technologies

There are numerous products on the market that claim to offer greater engine protection than is available through normal lubricants. They are based on various technologies, but basically all attempt to improve the available lubricants, or coat the surfaces to be lubricated.

There are four main areas in which these products fail.

ThickenersMarketed as lubricant extenders, they act by making lubricant oils more viscous, but do not improve lubricating qualities outside normal, existing parameters.

Metal Surface LubricantMolybdenum-based products marketed as ‘anti-knock’ or lubricant additives. Molybdenum is a silvery, metallic chemical used in alloys. It consists of spherical-shaped particles that fill in the irregular surfaces and act as a barrier between the surfaces to be lubricated. These spheres can abrade surfaces and reduce tolerances and clearances in oil pathways.

Graphite/Lead LubricantLead or graphite, incorporated as an additive−graphite is a soft form of carbon that fills in irregular surfaces and acts as a barrier between the lubricated surfaces. It has a tendency to harden with heat and to fracture into pumice-like particles known to induce excessive wear. Lead is a heavy metal and is highly toxic. It is banned as a gasoline additive in many countries (including the United States) and is being phased out throughout most of Europe.

Teflon/PTFEA polymer used for non-sticking, slippery coatings, in which surfaces are coated with a thin layer of polymer. However, Teflon has been known to detach from surfaces in flakes and strings of particles that clog oil passages and filters. Neither DuPont, the manufacturer of Teflon/PTFE, nor, General Motors recommend this polymer for lubrication.


Xpand™ – A Unique Solution

Xpand™ is a metal conditioner carried to friction points by adding it into motor oil, transmission oil, hydraulic fluid, air conditioning oils, cutting fluids and greases. Completely compatible with conventional and synthetic lubricants, it’s use has been documented for more than two decades and has a demonstrated history of successful results.

Composed of a mixture of high viscosity organics, XpandTM is carried to friction points by motor oil, hydraulic fluid, air conditioning fluids, cutting oils and greases. XpandTM is completely compatible with all conventional and synthetic engine oils.

Here's How Xpand™ WorksOur conditioner creates activated transition metal atoms that serve as interstitials, filling the slip plane within the first five-micron lattice of the treated metal.

The resultant close-packed lattice is a smoother and more durable alloy, greatly reducing the friction between contact surfaces. The highly active chemical properties are utilized to promote this mechanism while eliminating oxidizing potential.

XpandTM is activated by heat and pressure, taking affect only on the metal surfaces where friction occurs. This chemical reaction forms a smoother and denser alloy in metal surfaces, to a depth of five microns, without residual buildup or change in the tolerances of working parts.

Xpand™ contains no fillers to shift and clog up oil and lubrication systems. Xpand™ produces no coating to detach and harden. It will not abrade internal smooth surfaces nor break down and react with base lubricants.

Xpand™ Sales

GEO Americas owns all rights to the sales, manufacture and distribution of Xpand™ through a perpetual, exclusive licensing agreement with Affinity LLC. GEO also owns one-third of Affinity LLC, a company that owns 100 percent of the Xpand™ IP. Currently the product is manufactured by Dover Chemical Corp. in Ohio, USA.


Savings and Efficiencies Through Advanced Materials Technology

Xpand™ is designed to improve the performance of all gasoline and diesel engines. It also provides huge antifriction benefits for hydraulic systems, conveyer and other related ball-bearing systems, production lines, machining and fabrication shops, and general manufacturing. In using Xpand™ you can expect savings and environmental benefits as follows:

Minimized Contaminant Damage

Wear at the interface between moving parts is a normal characteristic of machine operation. The kind and the rate of wear depend on the machine and the environment in which it is operated. Lubrication is provided between moving surfaces to minimize the wear, but during the operation, millions of minute wear particles enter the lubricant. The particles range in size from several microns to a small fraction of a micron. Most of the particles remain in the oil as stable colloids, and do not settle out if the oil is withdrawn. Also present are millions of other particles that are not the result of wear, but are introduced from the air or other contaminating sources. The total number of particles from all sources is often astronomical and typically may number 1024 per cm3.

Repel Suspended Foreign Matter

These particles cause a chain reaction of pumice-like wear on the bearing surfaces. With the presence of Xpand™ antifriction metal conditioner in the lubricant, this wear sequence is dramatically reduced. The ability of Xpand™ to condition the friction surface not only slows wear and heat reactions, it also reduces the production of wear-induced particles. Additionally, the conditioned surfaces repel the suspended foreign matter, effectively minimizing internal wear, thereby dramatically increasing the life of the machine. Less friction means less energy is required for operation. In this manner Xpand™ lowers the total cost of ownership.

25%Less

Hydrocarbon

15%Less

Oxides of Nitrogen

60%Less

Carbon Monoxide

Up to60%

Less Particulate

Matter

10%Less

Carbon Dioxide

5%Less Fuel


Xpand™ and How it Works

● Xpand™ is carried to friction points by motor oil, transmission oil, hydraulic fluid, air conditioning oils, cutting fluids and greases

● Xpand™ is non toxic, and non flammable

● Xpand™ is activated by pressure and heat, usually requiring a minimum of 38°C (104°F) to begin activation

● Xpand™ withstands extreme operational and storage temperatures

● Xpand™ does not contain PTFE, molybdenum, graphite or other fortifiers

● Xpand™ reduces noise levels, improving the Occupational health and Safety environment in industry.

Xpand™ BasicsUnlike additives and petroleum-based products, which attempt to reduce friction by coating or filling metal parts, Xpand™ achieves up to a 75% reduction in friction in ferrous metal through a molecular change within the metal surfaces. Xpand™ is activated by heat and pressure, taking affect only on the metal surfaces where friction occurs. This chemical reaction forms a smoother and denser alloy in metal surfaces to a depth of five microns, without residual buildup or change in the tolerances of working parts. Xpand™ is carried by motor oil, transmission oil, hydraulic fluid, grease and cutting fluids, to areas of friction. This dramatically reduces heat and wear without changing the properties of the oil or other carrier fluids.

Proven ResultsTest results (see page 21) show conclusively that Xpand™ increases productivity by dramatically decreasing friction, wear and tear and the need for maintenance. Consequently, energy consumption is reduced and longevity of engines and machinery is extended.


Xpand™ Applications● Heavy Equipment and

Light Transportation

● Engines and Electric Motors

● Transmissions and Differentials

● Power Steering

● Wheel Bearings

● Universal Joints

● Hydraulic Systems

● Air Conditioning Units

● Manufacturing Tools, Conveyer Systems, Fabrication, Machining

● Generators

Benefits of Xpand™● Lower Operating Temperatures

● Decreased Wear Reducing Maintenance Downtime

● Improved Fuel Economy

● Increased Service Life for Oil

● Reduced Operation Noise Levels

● Improvement in Exhaust Emissions: HC & PM; CO & CO2; NOX & SOX

● Easier Cold Weather Starting

● Protect Engine Damage in the Event of Oil Loss

XpandTM provides solutions for the industrial marketplace; bringing commercial, public and private consumers proven technology that is economically and environmentally sound while meeting today’s stricter environmental standards and regulations. A biodegradable formula is also available.


Xpand™ Technical Data Sheet

Our products have been designed, tested and marketed with the goal of providing solutions for the industrial marketplace. Xpand™ will provide commercial, public and private consumers with proven technology that is economically and environmentally sound while meeting today’s stricter standards and regulations.

*** Unable to determine Flash or Fire Point due to excessive foaming of sample. Did not flash or burn.

PROPERTY RESULTS

1. Distillation, ASTM D-86

Initial boiling point, degrees C 24

5% Evaporated 173

10% Evaporated 213

20% Evaporated 294

40% Evaporated 309

End point C 316

% Recovery 42.5%

% Residue 57.5%

% Loss 0.0%

2. Vacuum Distillation

Initial boiling point, degrees C 103

10% Recovered 172

30% Recovered 261

60% Recovered 299

End point C 299

% Recovery 65.0%

% Residue 57.5%

% Loss 0.0%

3. Auto-ignition temperate, C

ASTM E-659 434

Sample size 25 µl

Ignition delay 1.3 sec.

4. Specific Gravity 1.35

PROPERTY RESULTS

5. Color

ASTM D-1500 (golden) Less than 1.5

6. Viscosity at:

25°C 735.15 cSt

40°C 83.03 cSt

100°C 12.42 cSt

7. Pour Point

ASTM D-92 15°C

8. Flash Point

ASTM D-92 ***

9. Fire Point

ASTM D-92 ***

10. Before and after blending with Pennzoil 10W30 motor oil

SAE 10W30 SAE 10W30 Pennzoil Pennzoil & Xpand™ @ 6.25%

Viscosity, Kinematic ASTM D-445 @40°C, cSt 68.69 70.0 @100°C, cSt 10.51 10.42

Viscosity, Apparent ASTM D-2602 @-20°C, cP 3800 3400 @-25°C, cP 7400 8200


Benefits of Xpand™Xpand™ CharacteristicsXpand™ is a metal conditioner, not an additive. It is activated with heat and pressure and is carried by lubricants, hydraulic fluids and most cutting oils. Xpand™ does not contain molybdenum, graphite, PTFE or other fortifiers.

Savings in Industry• Lowers power drawn in industrial applications

and therefore reduces energy.• Reduces operating temperatures.• The smoother bearing surface lowers

machinery noise.• Extends tool life from 200 to 1,000 percent• Modifies the surface molecules of ferrous

metals.

Mechanical Benefits of Xpand™• Reduced friction means an increase in

horsepower and torque.• Less resistance means easy start-up in

cold temperatures.• Resists oxidation under extreme high

temperature operation.• Denser, smoother friction surfaces gives

a major increase in engine life.• Engine runs smoother because of better

bearing surfaces.• Frees rings and ring lands to function correctly.• Keeps lifters from sticking.• Improves fuel consumption.

Savings and Cost Reductions• Significantly reduces maintenance downtime.• Greatly extends oil change intervals.• Saves up to 50% on oil replacement cost.• Extends oil filter life and reduces replacement

costs of engine and parts.• Reduces drag on battery and starter.• Extends spark plug life extended.• Reduces oil consumption.

Functional Improvements• Improves lubrication permeability (flow).• Penetrates to every surface subject to

heat and friction.• Significantly lowers viscous drag.• Reduces engine noise.• Decreases air pollution through rings

and valves.• Reduces combustion loss through

rings and valves.• Provides constant engine protection.• Protects emissions devices in engines.• Resists fuel dilution.• Resists water dilution.• Completely compatible with all conventional

and synthetic engine oils.


Xpand™ Safety Data and Directions

GEO Xpand™ DATATechnical name: Xpand™ Metal ConditionerOther names: XPA, Sea Runner, Cool Runner,

Blade Runner, Free Runner, Marathon Runner.

UN Number: NADangerous goods class: NASubsidiary risk(s): Nontoxic, nonflammableHazchem code: 1 [Y]Poison schedule: NAUses: Metal conditioner, surface

modifier (oil additive)PropertiesAppearance: Light amber fluidOdor: SlightSpecific gravity: 1.2Vapor pressure: 1mm Hg@25°CFlash Point: 360°CNo-piloted ignitiontemperature: NAFlammable Limit UEL: 5%LEL: 0.7%Boiling point: 204°CViscosity: 430 cSt @ 40°CVapor density: 4.5Evaporation rate: 1.01pH: 6.9Corrosiveness: NoneOxidizing: NoneSolubility in water: NoneReactivity: Avoid high sulphur

CompositionXpand™ BaseCas No: -Proportion: LowChlorinated paraffinCas No: 61788-76-9Proportion: Medium

Note:High = > 60%Medium = 10-60%Low = <0.5-10%Very Low = < 0.5%N/A = Not ApplicableLEL = Lower Explosive LimitUEL = Upper Explosive Limit

GEO Xpand™: FEATURES• blends with oil and is not subject to separation and or fall-

out like other additives (e.g. PTFE).

• increases the density of metal surface making it harder and smoother as opposed to coating the surface.

• increases load bearing capacity.

• contains no carcinogens and no mutagens.

• is nonflammable and is nonhazardous.

• is environmentally friendly.

Master Directions - All ApplicationsInitial application: Metric: Add 60ml of Xpand™ per liter of engine oil or other

lubricant.

US: Add 2 oz. of Xpand™ per quart of oil or other lubricant.

Subsequent applications:Top Off: Always add a minimum of 30ml of Xpand™

per litre of oil or 1 oz. per quart.

Older and High Performance Engines: Use 60ml per litre at each oil change or 2 oz. per quart.

Life Expectancy: Xpand™ will last 10,000 to 40,000 km with normal wear, or 6,200 to 25,000 miles.

With older engines, change oil and filter within 500 km or 310 miles of treating engine oil, thereafter 60ml or 2 oz. per litre at usual service interval.

Transmissions: Add 40ml (4%) per litre of transmission fluid. Pour through dip stick tube.

Differentials: Remove 90ml of lubricant and add 90ml Xpand™.

All other vehicle application points: Add 60ml (6%) per litre of lubricant at each change.

Important: Do not overfill lubrication reservoirs and also insure they are not under filled; precautions need to be taken to remove excess fluid when adding Xpand™.


Light TransportationCars and Light Trucks

UsesEngines ● Transmissions ● Power-Steering Units ● Electric Motors ● Universal Joints Wheel Bearings ● Differentials ● Air Conditioning Units ● Hydraulic Systems ● and More

What You Can ExpectReduction in friction and wear will occur at points where the oil film barrier breaks down and the two metals come into contact. At this point, Xpand™ treats the metal so it becomes smoother (through making the surface more dense at a molecular level), therefore reducing friction and wear. Xpand™ will come into effect only with friction present.

Improved Fuel EconomyRoad tests show an average of five percent to eight percent improvement in fuel economy. Results will vary depending on conditions and driving characteristics. Older engines often see even greater improvement.

Easier Cold Weather StartingWhen lubricants gelled by cold temperatures haven’t had a chance to begin circulating, Xpand™ treated metal parts will be protected from wear and friction, plus you can expect a slight increase in rpms. Xpand™ helps protect against engine damage in the event of oil loss or delayed circulation of oil under start-up or cold weather conditions.

Directions for UseAdd/mix 1 part Xpand™ to 16 parts lubricant (1:16 ratio).

Older Engines with build up from sludge & additives

Engine oil: Liter Quart GallonXpand™: 60 ml 2 oz. 8 oz.

For first oil change after adding Xpand™ to an older engine: Kilometers Miles 200-500 125-310

New Engines

Engine oil: Liter Quart GallonXpand™: 60 ml 2 oz. 8 oz.

For first oil change after adding Xpand™ to a new engine follow engine manufacture's instructions.

● For optimum results, treat engines when new.

● Running-in is unnecessary, as penetration begins immediately and metal-to-metal conditioning proceeds uniformly.

● Change both oil and filter to remove the contaminants, and then add fresh oil and Xpand™ as instructed above.

Xpand™ excels as an antifriction metal conditioner for all automobile applications and models, including diesels. Unlike additives and petroleum-based products that attempt to reduce friction by coating metal parts with a lubricant, Xpand™ achieves up to a 75% reduction in friction by treating ferrous metals through a molecular change in the surface several microns deep. Consequently, there is no residual buildup or change in the tolerance of the working parts.


Transmissions/DifferentialsDirections: Add Xpand™ at oil change

Transmission/Differentials Fluid: Liter QuartXpand™ Ratio:Std. Transmission: 1:16 60 ml 2 oz.

Auto Transmission: 1:32 30 ml 1 oz.

Front Differential: 1:16 60 ml 2 oz.

Standard transmissions and differentials are alike in that both gear systems create heat under extreme pressure. Xpand™ is particularly beneficial to front differentials because their gears and compensators produce more heat than rear differentials. Warning: Do not use Xpand™ with metal clutch discs on axle drive gears because metal-to-metal friction is required to function. These are referred to as limited slip or Posi-Traction units.

Wheel Bearings, Universal Joints and Other Bearing SurfacesDirections:

Grease: Liter Quart

Xpand™ Ratio: 1:14

Inject into wheel bearings: 70 ml 2.3 oz.

Front wheel bearings with oil hubs, and trailer wheel bearings with oil hubs, will run cooler, smoother, and longer.

Universal JointsXpand™ allows universal joints to run cooler, smoother and last longer.

Other Bearing SurfacesYou can improve the performance of all bearings by treating with Xpand™. Applied to the bearings in alternators, it will increase longevity considerably. Most other bearings and motors in medium and heavy-duty diesels are sealed, but with a little ingenuity, you might be able to get to the bearings, possibly with a syringe.

Power Steering UnitsDirections:

Power Steering Fluid: Liter Quart


Add to reservoir: 30ml 1 oz.

Basically, a power steering unit is a hydraulic unit that operates under extreme pressures. Units treated with Xpand™ will run quieter and smoother.

Air Conditioning UnitsDirections:

Freon: Liter Quart


Add with Freon: 15ml 1/2 oz.

Although Xpand™ can be added to the Freon compressor crankcase, faster results will be obtained by injecting Xpand™ directly into the system while recharging the system with Freon. Most people will want to have an air conditioning shop or a mechanic do this work for them.

CV BootsMost CV boots are made of rubber that can be punctured with a syringe, then cleaned with solvent and sealed with silicone. Some CV joint boots are made of a hard plastic that will be damaged if punctured with a syringe.

AdditivesXpand™ makes unnecessary the use of engine oil additives and other treatments. If the engine has previously been treated with other products, Xpand™ will penetrate these products and cause them to be flushed away with oil changes.


Medium and Heavy Transport Applications

UsesEngines ● Transmissions ● Power-Steering Units ● Electric Motors ● Universal Joints Wheel Bearings ● Differentials ● Air Conditioning Units ● Hydraulic Systems ● and More

Improved Fuel EconomyRoad tests show an average of five percent to eight percent improvement in fuel economy. Results will vary depending on conditions and driving characteristics. Older engines often see even greater improvement.

Easier Cold Weather StartingWhen lubricants gelled by cold temperatures haven’t had a chance to begin circulating, Xpand™ treated metal parts will be protected from wear and friction, plus you can expect a slight increase in rpms. Xpand™ helps protect against engine damage in the event of oil loss or delayed circulation of oil under start-up or cold weather conditions.

Directions for Use

EnginesAdd/mix 1 part Xpand™ to 16 parts lubricant (1:16 ratio).

Older Engines with build up from sludge & additives

Engine Oil: Liter Quart GallonXpand™: 60 ml 2 oz. 8 oz.

For first oil change after adding Xpand™ to an older engine: Kilometers Miles 200-500 125-310

New Engines

Engine Oil: Liter Quart GallonXpand™: 60 ml. 2 oz. 8 oz.

For first oil change after adding Xpand™ to a new engine: follow engine manufacture's instructions.

● For optimum results, treat engines when new.● Running-in is unnecessary, as penetration begins

immediately and metal-to-metal conditioning proceeds uniformly.

● Change both oil and filter to remove the contaminants, and then add fresh oil and Xpand™ as instructed above.

What You Can Expect Xpand™ excels as an antifriction metal conditioner for all diesel applications and models. Unlike additives and petroleum-based products that attempt to reduce friction by coating metal parts with a lubricant, Xpand™ achieves up to a 75% reduction in friction by treating ferrous metals through a molecular change in the surface several microns deep. Consequently, there is no residual buildup or change in the tolerance of the working parts. Xpand™ treats the metal so it becomes smoother (through making the surface more dense at a molecular level), reducing friction and wear.


Xpand™ circulates throughout the engine, treating the surfaces of all friction points. Primary parts treated include pistons and cylinder walls, cams, and cam followers, the crankshaft and bearings, engine brakes and/or hydraulic

hydro retarders and the valve assembly. For optimum results, treat engines when new. Run in is unnecessary, as penetrations begins immediately and metal-to-metal polishing proceeds uniformly.Xpand™ protects against engine damage in the event of oil loss or delayed circulation of engine oil under cold weather conditions. Diesel engine operators have reported that even with a bad piston or loss of oil, Xpand™ treated vehicles would not seize up and the engine can be repaired when convenient.

Transmissions/DifferentialsDirections: Add Xpand™ at oil change

Transmissions/Differential Fluid: Liter Quart

Xpand™ Ratio: Std. Transmission: 1:16 60 ml 2 oz.

Auto Transmission: 1:32 30 ml 1 oz.

Front Differential: 1:16 60 ml 2 oz.

Standard transmissions and differentials are alike in that both gear systems create heat under extreme pressure. Xpand™ is particularly beneficial to front differentials because their gears and compensators produce more heat than rear differentials. Warning: Do not use Xpand™ with metal clutch discs on axle drive gears because metal-to-metal friction is required to function. These are referred to as limited slip or Posi-Traction units.

Wheel Bearings, Universal Joints and Other Bearing SurfacesDirections:

Grease: Liter Quart


Inject into wheel bearings: 70 ml 2.3 oz.

Front wheel bearings with oil hubs, and trailer wheel bearings with oil hubs, will run cooler, smoother, and longer.

Universal JointsXpand™ allows universal joints to run cooler, smoother and last longer.

Other Bearing SurfacesYou can improve the performance of all bearings by treating with Xpand™. Applied to the bearings in alternators, it will increase their longevity considerably. Most other bearings and motors in medium and heavy-duty diesels are sealed, but with a little ingenuity, you might be able to get to the bearings, possibly with a syringe.

Power Steering UnitsDirections:

Power Steering Fluid: Liter Quart


Add to reservoir: 30ml 1 oz.

Basically, a power steering unit is a hydraulic unit that operates under extreme pressures. Units treated with Xpand™ will run quieter and smoother.


Hydraulics

Heat: The Enemy of EfficiencyFriction between the moving parts of fluid motors and pumps generates heat. As energy is put into hydraulic systems by the pumps, some of this energy is lost, forcing the fluid through the valves, fittings, lines, and other parts of the system. Lost energy appears as heat in the oil.When oil deteriorates by-products are formed that may require a complete oil change. These by-products consist of gums, varnishes, resins, sludge, and organic acids. Gums, varnishes and resins cause sticking controls. Sludge may block passages. Acids may cause corrosion of metal parts and deterioration of seals.The best insurance against formation of these products is to use high quality oil and maintain low operating temperatures.High temperature in a hydraulic system shortens the service life of the hydraulic fluid. It also increases maintenance on pumps, fluid motors, relief valves, and fittings.Manufacturers of pumps and fluid motors recommend the viscosity range of hydraulic fluids that will provide the best efficiency. They also stipulate the best efficiency is attained when the oils are used at temperatures between 38°C (100.4°F) and 54°C (129.2°F).

Xpand™ in Hydraulic SystemsXpand™ metal conditioner, under pressure, penetrates the surface and into the first five microns of ferrous metals, producing a denser and smoother surface. This means less friction between moving parts, which reduces the oil temperature within the system, resulting in greater efficiency.The introduction of Xpand™ into the hydraulic system assists reduction of heat in the pumps and fluid motors: both of which are the major heat source. Friction causes heat, resulting in the deterioration of the oil as well as excessive wear in the pumps and fluid motors.Xpand™, along with top grade hydraulic oil, will prolong the entire system’s efficiency. Cooler operation, less downtime, extended maintenance schedules, and less energy consumption result in a better and more economical operational life.A 5% to 10% increase in overall efficiency can be reasonably expected. For greater gains, Xpand™ can be added to the components being driven by the hydraulic system. Systems with multiple components will obtain maximize efficiency by treating as may components as possible.

UsesLarge-Scale Engineering Applications ● Hydraulic Lifting Devices ● Vessel Gating Systems All Hydraulic Systems

What You Can Expect

Xpand™ excels as an antifriction metal conditioner for all hydraulic applications. Unlike additives and petroleum-based products that attempt to reduce friction by coating metal parts with a lubricant, Xpand™ achieves up to a 75% reduction in friction by treating ferrous metals through a molecular change in the surface several microns deep. Consequently, there is no residual buildup or change in the tolerance of the working parts.


Hydraulic Oil LifeOperating temperatures directly affect the maximum service life of hydraulic oil.

Oil Temperature. . . . . . . Maximum Life49°C (120.2°F) . . . . . . . 8,000 hrs.60°C (140°F) . . . . . . . . . 4,000 hrs.71°C (159.8°F) . . . . . . . 2,000 hrs.

Xpand™ increases the life of hydraulic oils by reducing friction, thereby lowering operating oil temperatures.

FiltrationXpand™ is not a replacement for good filtration. It has been estimated that approximately 80% of all hydraulic failures are caused by excessive fluid contamination. Hydraulic systems need to be kept clean and cool for long life and low maintenance; high temperatures shorten fluid life and increase the need for maintenance on all moving parts.Most hydraulic systems will have ten micron to twenty-five micron filtration. Only the most sophisticated systems filter below ten microns, such as aircraft, CNC machines, and some industrial facilities. Xpand™ will pass through a five-micron filter.

Directions for Use

HydraulicsDirections:

Hydraulic Fluid: Liter Quart

Xpand™ Ratio: 1:25 40 ml 1.4 oz.

Since Xpand™ is 20% heavier than most hydraulic oils and only a small amount is used, it must be mixed with oil before adding to the system.Xpand™ metal conditioner does not replace the need for the use of proper hydraulic fluids.


Manufacturing: Extend Tool Life - Reduce OverheadUsesGenerators ● Air Compressors ● Refrigeration Units ● Hydraulic Systems ● Forging/Stamping High-Speed Spindles ● Honing/Cutting ● High-Speed Bearings ● Heavy-Load BearingsForklifts ● Conveyor Systems ● Drilling/Tapping ● And More

Manufacturing – Non-Automated SystemMachine shops and general drilling, tapping, punching, or threading applications are truly some of the most dramatic uses of Xpand™. For simple hand drilling, add a few drops to the bit. As you begin, it will show an increase in the speed of the drilling and reduction in the temperature of the drill bit. The heat reduction alone can lengthen the useful life of the drill bits and other cutting tools. Nearly all cutting tools (bits, blades, lathe tools and hole saws) will benefit from the use of Xpand™.During cutting and machining operations, the effect of using Xpand™ is limited to a quality polished surface. Any secondary machine operation on these surfaces does not require special procedures.Warning: Do not use Xpand™ when the cutting tool

relies on friction from another metal surface to operate, such as in a metal band saw.

Extended Tool LifeAfter years of usage in various applications, it has been proven time and again that tool life can be increased from two to ten times under identical usage. This equates to saving the cost of replacing expensive tools, labor to sharpen tools, and fewer broken drives or taps during operations. Often, broken tools cause damage to a production piece that renders it useless.

Other shops have found that by using Xpand™ and changing their operation speed, they can use less costly tools such as a carbon steel bit in lieu of a carbide bit to accomplish a task previously only accomplished with carbide.

Directions for UseHand cutting operationsWhen using portable threading, cutting, or drilling tools, a recommended mixture of quality cutting oil and 12% Xpand™ will result in a cleaner, higher quality end product with less effort. At a drill press, a squirt bottle mixed with cutting oil and 12% Xpand™ will allow the worker to periodically treat the tool, resulting in similar results.

Drill bitsDrill bits and hole saws show added life and smoother operation when an automatic oiling system contains Xpand™. In an automated system, the Xpand™ will mix and homogenize with the oil. Due to the recirculation of the cutting fluid, a ratio of 1:32 may be used; that is 30 ml (1 oz.) of Xpand™ to one liter (quart) of oil. If the operation has been a troublesome one, increase the ratio up to 1:16 for quicker and more positive results.

What You Can Expect

Xpand™ achieves up to a 75% reduction in friction by treating ferrous metals through a molecular change in the surface several microns deep. Consequently, there is no residual buildup or change in the tolerance of the working parts.


TIP: Pretreating cutting tools by heating and then quenching in 100% Xpand™ is also beneficial to establish a treated cutting edge before use, especially with carbide tools.

Automatic Lathes, Punch Presses and CNC MachinesIn many modern machine shops, high technology machines with their ability to duplicate high tolerance parts are the heart of businesses. These machines use large reservoirs of cutting fluid, or coolant in high volumes, to keep the cutting tools sharp. If the reservoir uses oil, mixing is accomplished easily by the pumping action through the reservoir.Tip: Remember to add Xpand™ to the hydraulic

system of these machines for more efficient operation with less system wear.

Preparation for Painting, Plating or WeldingWhen the machined parts, which are produced in contact with Xpand™, must be painted or plated, experience has shown that a simple solvent bath will clean it sufficiently to allow adhesion of the paint or plating metal. Before welding any part treated with Xpand™, clean thoroughly with solvent (such as mineral spirits followed with denatured alcohol).

Test Xpand™ your own wayAn easy, quick, and simple test that can be conducted in a machine shop to show the lubricating properties of Xpand™, is with a 14mm (1/2 in.) drill bit, 2 x 14mm (1/2 in.) pins, and a drill press. Using a stock of mild steel, drill a 14mm (1/2 in.) hole, 17mm (5/8 in.) to 22mm (3/4 in.) deep, and then replace the bit with one of the 14mm (1/2 in.) pins. The pin should turn freely in the hole. Add several drops of the lubricating oil to the hole, run the pin into the hole with drill operating at a medium speed. The pin will “weld” into the hole in a matter of a few seconds. Then take the stock and drill a second 14mm (1/2 in.) hole, chuck up the second pin, and this time, use Xpand™ in the hole. When you apply the pressure, do it gradually to allow the Xpand™ to treat the pin, then you can run the pin for several minutes if you like, without the tendency to “weld”. The demonstration really shows how Xpand™ stands up to extreme pressure and heat.

Production Machinery Energy Consumption

Energy efficient lubricants: Results of energy consumption testing using Xpand™Data presented here shows results on machines after treatment with Xpand™ metal conditioner. Machines were tested for changes in current drawn (amperage). Amperage of a machine is directly related to power consumption and running costs.

Company: SilcraftMachine: Cincinnati plastic moulding machine

Amperage before treatment: 152.32 (mean) Amperage after treatment: 149.85 (mean)

Company: Government Clothing CompanyMachine: Ingersoll Rand compressor

Amperage before treatment: 65 amps load, 36 amps off load Amperage after treatment: 60 amps load, 30 amps off load

Company: Wattyl PaintsMachine: Mill Gearbox

Amperage before treatment: 20 amps load, 17 amps off load Amperage after treatment: 17 amps load, 14 amps off load Temperature reduction after treatment: 10°C (18°F)

Company: Baron RubberMachine: Rubber Mill

Amperage before treatment: 150 amps load Amperage after treatment: 130 amps load

Company: Coca ColaMachine: Compressor

Amperage before treatment: 105 amps load, 95 amps off load Amperage after treatment: 100 amps load, 90 amps off load Temperature reduction after treatment: 10°C (18°F)

Company: Maker Knitting MillsMachine: Compressor

Dramatic reduction in operating temperature and noise

Company: Accord Knitting MillMachine: Compressor

Amperage before treatment: 44.6 amps load, 16.2 amps off load Amperage after treatment: 40.1 amps load, 15.1 amps off load


Frequently Asked Questions

Metal ConditioningWhat is the brittleness of treated surfaces?There is no brittleness evident in treated metals, as only the top few microns of each surface are modified.Is there evidence of resultant flaking in the treated surface?No flaking is evident as treated surfaces are actually modified.Comment: When oil from a treated engine is

analyzed, the fallout metal content is vastly reduced, eventually, almost nonexistent. However, for a short time after treatment, particulate measurement may increase due to cleansing of gummed-up piston rings and ring lands, freeing the previously produced wear particles.

Seals and GasketsWhat effect on seals and gaskets can be expected from Xpand™?No measurable deterioration of seals or gaskets has been found under normal, recommended application. Tests of seal and gasket material soaked in concentrate showed no breakdown, deterioration, or swelling.

Spark-Plug EfficiencyWill Xpand™ alter spark plug effectiveness?Xpand™ will not interfere with firing of spark plugs. As rings work more effectively, there is less blow-by and therefore, less oil to “oil up” the plugs.

Bearings and Engine TolerancesWhat effect has Xpand™ on normal engine gap tolerances?As Xpand™ does not coat the surface, thicken existing oils, or fill existing surface indentations, there is no variation to tolerance. In fact, as engine oil works in a much cleaner environment, the engine’s design tolerances are maintained for an extended period of time.

Oil Lubrication Lines and DuctsHow will Xpand™ react with an engine’s lubrication transfer system?Xpand™ is a totally non particulate compound, transferred by lubricant to an engine’s internal points of friction. The product treats surfaces where heat and pressure are present. As Xpand™ treats the surfaces of the oil pump, the pump works more efficiently ensuring lubricant is transferred to necessary points.


Oil Lubrication EffectivenessWill Xpand™ affect the lubricant?Our product is added in quantities that do not vary lubricant viscosity, therefore leaving the lubricant unaffected.Due to friction reduction in treated surfaces, engine operating temperatures are reduced and oil life increased. In addition, solid particle and carbonization reduction deliver further improvement in oil life.Xpand™ has been upgraded over older formulas to ensure compatibility with modern oils and lubricants.

Heat in Combustion Chamber and ValvesWhat will be the effect of Xpand™ on the high combustion temperatures in the cylinder chamber?As the engine is running cleaner and there is less oil in the head and valve seats, valve maintenance is lower. Heat will dissipate quickly through the engine’s cooling system, and the tendency to “run on” due to heat captured in coke deposits, will be largely eliminated.

Ceramic Cylinder LinersHow does Xpand™ affect the ceramic cylinder liners?Xpand™ will not affect ceramic cylinder liners. However, ferrous metal piston rings operate more effectively using Xpand™.


Xpand™ Product Testing DetailsTable of Contents

Xpand™ International Clients and Industry Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Industry Testing in the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Falex Pin and Vee Block Test - to failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Falex Pin and Vee Block Test - no failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

University of Melbourne Roller Bearing Load Figures (Full Report Available) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

BHP Technical Services Wear Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

EPA Hydrocarbons Emissions and Fuel Consumption Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Survey: Denver Public Schools Bus Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Helsinki Technical University Test: X-1R Additive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Xpand™ Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Xpand™ Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

NOTE: Xpand™ represents branding of a new and improved formula of X-1R™, MetalShield™ and XPA™, developed in conjunction with Leonard Marra, the inventor of the original product.


Xpand™ International Clients and Industry Users

Logging in Indonesia

Power Generationin China

Ferries inHong Kong Harbour

Chile Navy FrigatesManufacturing in Europe


Industry Testing in the USA: Reducing Friction by Reducing DebrisTest Profile: Friction Reducing Metal Conditioner

Location Mon Valley, Irvin Works, PATest Date January 2001 through April 2001Test Purpose Evaluate the impact of metal conditioner on tension reel gearing friction, as

measured by oil filter ferrous debris weight reductionProduct(s) Tested 1. 64 inch pickle line coiler/recoiler drive tension reel gearing.

Gear made by Pittsburgh Gear Division of Brad Foote Gear Works using Voest-Alpine design data. Gear is “through-hardened”. It is a relatively low hardness, hobbed gear.

Test Constraints 1. Initial debris analysis revealed destructive rather than corrective pitting. The rate of gear material degradation was considered excessive. A three-month baseline period was followed by a four-month testing period.

Methodology 1. One part of metal conditioner to 16 parts of Citgo EP 320 (a prescribed treat ratio).

2. Measured oil filter debris monthly, under load conditions. 3. Included visual inspection of the gearing through existing inspection ports.

Date: 9/12/00 10/18/00 1/8/01 1/24/01 2/22/01 3/23/01 4/16/01Number of Turns 50 52 50 52 60 58 53Weight (grams) 1.8955 2.7588 3.2406 1.7053 1.8684 1.5830 1.2608Wt./Turn (grams) 0.0379 0.0531 0.0648 0.0328 0.0311 0.0273 0.0238Percent N/A +40 +22 -49% -5% -12% -13% from from from from from from prior prior prior prior prior prior sample sample sample sample sample sample

“Before” shows a continually Increasing Trend ▲ “After” shows a continually Decreasing Trend ▼Debris measured “Before” adding metal conditioner Debris measured “After” adding metal conditioner 0.0519 Grams/Turn 3 mo. avg. -37% -40% -47% -54%

Adding metal conditioner resulted in an average reduction in ferrous debris of 44.5% per sample

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS1. Outstanding mitigation of friction (44.5% average reduction under normal operating load conditions).2. Analytical ferrography revealed a decrease in the average size of the particles, as well as a greater number

of smaller destructive wear particles in ratio to large ones. These are reduced wear predictors.3. At the conclusion of this test the addition of metal conditioner was authorized in two other entry payoff reel

gearboxes at this site.


Industry Testing in the USATest Profile: Metal Conditioner, Laboratory, Friction ReducingTest Profile: Surface Modifier

ISO VG 46 Base Oil and MetalShield™RESULTS

Tests Performed ISO VG 46 Base Oil ISO VG 46 Base Oil w/Metal ConditionerViscosity, Kinematic 40°C Before FZG 46.17 48.73After FZG 45.82 48.57

Viscosity, Kinematic 100°C Before FZG 6.773 6.894After FZG 6.74 6.885

Copper StripHydraulic Pump Wear test Weight loss, mg, ring 134.3 13.6Weight loss, mg, vanes 164.6 7.8Total weight loss, mg 298.9 21.4Viscosity before, 40°C 46.16 48.42Viscosity before, 100°C 6.822 6.899Viscosity after, 40°C 46.1 48.43Viscosity after, 100°C 6.811 6.883

Rotary Bomb Test 50 45 Falex EP - Lub Oil (B) Ran 45 seconds No failureActual load 630 4500True load 500 300

FZG Gear Test Failure load stage Lost 65.8 mg Lost 17.6mg Failed stage 5 Passed all 12 stages

Falex Wear # of Teeth Seizure @ start 11 teeth fail @ 900 lbs

Timken EP - Lub OilsOK load 6 80Fail load w/Burnish 9 85TTP Point, lb Burnished @ 3 Burnished @ 3


Industry Testing in the USATest Profile: Metal Conditioner - Fuel and Exhaust Emissions Reduction Tests

Location Automotive Technology Training Center, Chesapeake, OHTest Date April 2000Test Purpose Evaluate the impact of metal conditioner on diesel

fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.Product(s) Tested N-14 Cummins Diesel Engine mounted on test standTest Constraints 1. All readings were taken and recorded by instructors and students. Baseline

measurements of engine oil, water and ambient air temperature were taken to verify that no changes, which could alter test results, occurred.

Methodology 1. Fuel consumption was measured hourly. Fuel burn-rate testing was conducted with the engine operating at idle speed and with no-load to simulate the conditions encountered with school buses during periods of children boarding and exiting.

2. The crank amperes test was performed over a four-hour engine run.

Exhaust Emissions Without Metal With Metal Percent Conditioner Conditioner Reduction

Low RPM HC PPM 7.00 5.67 19.05 CO2 % 1.955 0.950 51.41 CO% 0.015 0.003 80.0Cranking Amperes Draw 480.0 460.0 4.17

Fuel Burn Rate (in ounces/minute)After 1 hour - 1.217 ounces/minute baseline during time engine was being stabilizedAfter 2 hours - 0.950 21.9After 3 hours - 0.917 24.7After 4 hours - 0.967 20.5Average for Treated Runs - 0.944 22.4

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS1. The addition of the metal conditioner resulted in a 22% reduction in fuel usage2. After treatment, these exhaust emission improvements were seen: Hydrocarbons DOWN 19%,

Carbon Dioxide DOWN 51%, Carbon Monoxide DOWN 80%3. Four hours after adding metal conditioner, crank amperes were reduced by 4%4. In test replicating real-world conditions, metal conditioner offers substantial decreases in exhaust

emissions and diesel fuel consumption.


Falex TestsXPA Comparative Lubrication Effectiveness Test

The Falex Corporation designed mechanical systems to test lubricants and are active worldwide. XPA Corporation had its product tested by Falex Corporation. Xpand™ is a newer high performance formula of the original XPA product developed by the same inventor.The purpose of this test was to determine if the addition of the product known as XPA metal conditioner has any effect on the parameters to be measured. These parameters are torque, wear, coefficient of friction and the frictional force.Also following the test descriptions is a simplified technical explanation and the original test sheets from Falex.From Falex Corporation, 2055 Comprehensive Drive, Aurora, IL 60505

The Falex Corporation is well known in engineering circles worldwide.This test was conducted on the “Pin and Vee Block” machine. This machine is designed to make the lubricant fail and it has the ability to read torque values (foot pounds) up to the point where the lubricant fails.The machine has a vice like action “Vee Block” that slowly closes in on the Pin (a steel pin approximately 1/4 inch in diameter) that is in a chuck and spinning in a cup of oil.Test 2 results in this set are on page 27.

Test Designation ASTM-D3233-B Without XPADate November 6, 1989 TL#3730Machine pin & vee block Test #1

Testing Conditions RPM 290 +/- 10Duration To failureTemperature 120 =/- 5FFluid A major diesel engine oil SAE 15W40 CD CPX Without XPASpecimen pinType Hardness, HRC Surface finish, rms,uin:Falex #8 87 - 91 5 - 10Specimen Vee block Type Hardness, HRC Surface finish, rms, uin:AISI 1137 20 - 24 5 - 10

ASTM method D2670 D3233-A D3233-BTotal teeth wear -Total Load Value 750 lbs, Fail*

Loads lbs Torque - in lbs Initial Final300 10.0 13.0500 17.0 17.5750 26.0 FAIL

RESULTS - Test #1


Test Designation ASTM-D3233-B With XPADate November 6, 1989 TL#3730Machine pin & vee block Test #2

Testing Conditions RPM 290 +/- 10Duration To failureTemperature 120 +/- 5° FFluid A major diesel engine oil SAE 15W40 CD CPX With 6.25% (1:16) XPASpecimen pinType Hardness, HRC Surface finish, rms, µim: Falex #8 87 - 91 5 - 10Specimen Vee block Type Hardness, HRC Surface finish, rms, µim:AISI 1137 20 - 24 5 - 10

ASTM method D2670 D3233-A D3233-BTotal teeth wear -Total Load Value 4,500 lbs + ° **

Loads lbs Torque - in lbs Initial Final300 11.5 14.5

500 15.0 14.5

750* 20.0 16.5

1000 22.0 18.5

1250 22.5 20.5

1500 25.5 26.0

1750 32.3 31.5

2000 38.0 42.0

2250 54.0 52.0

2500 56.0 54.0

2750 59.0 57.0

3000 60.5 60.0

3250 62.3 63.0

3500 63.4 64.0

3750 64.0 66.5

4000 67.3 68.0

4250 68.5 70.0

4500** 70.5 72.0**° NO FAILURE

RESULTS - Test #2

* Point at which Failure occurred WITHOUT XPA

° No Failure - T

** Torque load up to 350%

** Load in lbs up to 500%


University of Melbourne Roller Bearing Load FiguresXPA (Full Report Available)

Electron microscope of bearing scar using high quality engine oil with 168Kg load

Electron microscope of bearing scar using high quality engine oil with XPA added at 1:16 with 168Kg load


Electron microscope of bearing scar using high quality engine oil with 330Kg load. Note particles passing in photo.

Electron microscope of bearing scar using high quality engine oil with XPA added at 1:16 with 3300Kg load. 20 times the original load and still a smoother surface.


SRV Test Conditions

Condition Test 1 111Mode: ball on disk ball on diskLoad: N 600 1,000Stroke: mm 2 2Frequency: Hz 50 50Temperature: °C 50 50Duration: hour 1 1

SRV Test Results

Test # Condition Maximum Coefficient of Friction Sear cross- scar depth minimum maximum sectional area µm*

389/2 1 With 6% XPA 3 0.076 0.079 300390/5 111 3 0.069 0.071 850389/6 1 With 6% XPA 3 0.075 0.079 400391/2 111 4 0.069 0.074 1,200

BHP and EPA Test ResultsBHP Laboratory Technical Services Testing on Power Runner (XPA)

Summary of Results:1. Gas emission HC emissions at Idle Maximum reduction: 85% Minimum reduction**: 0% Mean value: 31%

HC emissions at 2500 rpm Maximum reduction: 85% Minimum reduction**: 0% Mean value: 31%

2. Fuel Consumption Reduction Maximum reduction: 30% Minimum reduction**: 0% Mean value: 11.5%

Fuel Consumption and exhaust gas emissions monitoring - EPS results using XPA.

Results were gained over a one month period. Each vehicle was

treated with XPA, by adding 6% volume to the existing engine oil and transmission fluid. The measurements were carried out on a dynamometer over 150km test cycle.

Environmental Protection Authority Emission Tests

Conclusion: The addition of XPA into motor vehicles reduces fuel consumption and toxic gas emissions

** Test methodology established the baseline at start of test. Therefore minimum reduction began at 0%.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

With XPA

Without XPA

600Load Newtons

1000

300

400

850

1,20

0

*Surface Wear Chart


Engine Current Current 6,000 mile With XPA Yearly % Type 4,000 mile yearly cost oil change yearly cost savings savings oil change @ average cost with @ average per unit per year cost 12K per/yr XPA 12K per/yr

350: 173.95 521.85 181.76 363.52 158.33 30.3 51 units 26,614.35 18,539.52 8,074.83

350 EFI: 178.69 536.07 186.01 372.02 164.05 30.6

4 units 2,144.28 1,488.08 656.20

366: 183.69 551.07 198.33 396.66 154.41 28.0 49 units 27,002.43 19,436.34 656.20

5.9: 203.64 610.92 221.69 443.38 167.54 27.4 7 units 4,276.44 3,103.66 1,172.78

6.6: 243.12 729.36 268.49 536.98 192.38 26.4 144 units 105,027.84 77,325.12 27,702.72

8.2 FORD: 251.54 646.62 233.59 467.18 179.44 27.8 16 units 10,345.92 7,474.88 2,871.04

8.3: 210.09 630.27 228.14 456.28 173.99 27.6 3 units 1,890.81 1,368.84 521.97

370: 182.09 546.27 196.73 393.46 152.81 28.0 20 units 10,925.40 7,869.20 3,056.20

429: 192.31 567.93 206.95 413.00 163.03 28.2 9 units 5,192.37 3,725.10 1,467.27

345: 183.29 549.87 197.93 395.86 154.01 28.0 4 units 2,199.48 1,583.44 616.04

392: 182.68 548.04 197.32 394.64 153.40 28.0 11 units 6,028.44 4,341.04 1,687.40

DT 466: 241.19 723.57 266.56 533.12 190.45 26.3 10 units 7,235.70 5,331.20 1,904.50

DTA 360: 255.26 765.78 280.63 561.26 204.52 26.7 45 units 34,460.10 25,256.70 9,203.40

T 4 4 4 E: 296.39 889.17 321.76 643.52 245.65 27.6 49 units 43,569.33 31,532.48 12,036.85

530: 359.56 1,078.68 395.66 791.32 287.36 26.6 7 units 7,550.76 5,539.24 2,011.52

8.2 THOMAS: 210.63 631.89 228.68 457.36 174.53 27.6 20 units 12,637.80 9,147.20 3,490.60

Current Cost XPA Cost Savings

Totals: 442 units $299,550.69 $217,522.80 $82,027.89* 27.8%

XPA Survey: Denver Public Schools Bus ProgramSchool Bus Maintenance Program - Oil Changes

* Savings total does not include the other benefits attainable with XPA. See page nine in this Xpand™ manual for a list of additional benefits.


1. TargetTarget of test series was to examine oil additive X-effect to friction and wear. Is mentioned, that the additive is mixed to the all lubricants and that it improve to the lubricant the duration of the surface pressure and reduces the wear. In the experimental series as the lubricant was used the motor, hydraulics and gearbox oil, to which increased the additive of 3...6% X-1R.

2. Equipment Under TestTests performance so called on the peg consumption machine (Pin-on-disc). In the device is rotating disk, which against pressures peg. And disk that the material of the peg is freely in the selecting. The peg will be loaded by focusing their normal power with the help of the weights. From the effect of the load resulting friction will measure built in power detector. Disk rotation rate is adjustable and circuit amount is possible limit. The examinations can be completed as the dry so called without any lubricant or as lubricated.

The surface pressure of the contact is also adjustable by the few geometry of the peg. In addition to friction and wear affecting surface roughness and temperature. To thee lubricant temperatures can be changed with the outside heating.

Tests AchievementTests were started by attaching test panel and bowl to his should and adjust slide ray for the desired. The samples and device was naturally cleaned before new examination. To the lubricant after the addition examination could be started to by setting load weights. After to the examination was measured the friction power and results were chiseled on the graphic plotters.

Tests AchievementTests board were used SFS 506 steels made disk, which was carbon hardened to hardness 710 HV. The disks was ground to surface roughness Ra=0,20 µm thus, that the grinding figure was in the perpendicular with respect to the slide direction. Trials dowels were used form the diameter 8 mm laurel heard. FAG for the hardness of the ball-bearing steel will be informed 60-66HRC. As the other material was used Kymenite-ADA cast iron, which hardness was 310hv. Cast iron pegs were made from the diameter 8,mm ball head.

LubricantsLubricants were used common motor, hydraulics and gearbox and for them added X-1R additive. To motor oil was put accordingly to the instructions 6% and hydraulics and to gearbox oil capacity 3% additive.Used lubricants: 10W30 synthetic motor oil, ADA the examination of the pegs 0W40, synthetic motor oil, the laurel bowl examinations 10W30, mineral motor oil Hydraulic 32, hydraulics oil HD 80W90 GL 5, gearbox oil

Helsinki Technical University Test: Xpand (Private Label)Pin-On-Disc-Examinations 5/2000


Test ParametersSlide speed was used 0,1 m/s and as the slide journey was 1000 m. The slide diameter was in between 44 - 64 millimeter. Load power was 8 N, which answer the bowl level in the contact the surface pressure of 1000 MPa. When the bowl spends, the surface pressure goes lower. The test panel surrounded lubricant mug and oil was disk surface about 3 millimeter thick floor, touch point in being completely oil surrounded. The examinations were made 22°C room temperature. Experiments was completed three pieces each variation towards.

3. ResultsTests together pulled results are presented as the graphic on the columns three examinations as the average. In between these examinations printout was changed, what is really typical to the wear examinations. Change can cause different surface roughness quality, different slide diameter or such, although examination is tired to complete possibly in the frame of the similar conditions. Is also notice, that the experiments was driven only three each variation towards.The results suit however well lube oil additive perception of the effect and assessing. To the deeper inspection of the assignment of Wear values and received difference meaning would be reason completes clearly slide and more the through experimental series.From the Wear results are in sight, that X-1R additive has reduced wear almost all cases noticeable. The amount of Wear has been laurel bowl much less as on cast iron. This is because of materials different law from hardness. Additive effect can be seen more plainly connection with the motor oil and hydraulics oil From the powerful of the gearbox oil wear inhibition additive resulting, the wear of their without X-1R additive effect has been from the part of the motor oil favorable.

© X-1R Finland (Oy U.S. Marine Diesel lmp. LTD)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.0

Mineral motor oil 10W30 Mineral motor oil 10W300.86

Mineral motor oil 10W30 + 6% X-1R 0.31

1.58

0.56

0.98

0.27

1.91

1.17

0.79

0.11

0.58

0.27

0.29

0.22

0.53

0.13

Hydraulic 32

Hydraulic 32 + 3% X-1R

HD 80W90 GL5

HD 80W90 GL5 + 3% X-1R

Synthetic motor oil 0W40

Synthetic motor oil 0W40 + 3% X-1R

Bearing steel/Case hardened

Mineral motor oil 10W30 + 6% X-1R

Hydraulic 32

Hydraulic 32 + 3% X-1R

HD 80W90 GL5

HD 80W90 GL5 + 3% X-1R

Synthetic motor oil 0W40

Synthetic motor oil 0W40 + 3% X-1R

WearADI/Case hardened

Wear

∆V (10-3 mm3) ∆V (10-3 mm3)


Xpand™ Applications

IndustrialGeneratorsAir CompressorsRefrigeration unitsHydraulic SystemsHigh-Speed SpindlesForging/StampingHoning/CuttingHigh-Speed BearingsForkliftsConveyor SystemsDrilling/Tapping

AutomotiveEngines (Gas & Diesel)TransmissionsDifferentialsWheel BearingsPower Steering UnitsAir Conditioners

AgriculturalGas & Diesel EnginesTransmissionsHydraulic SystemsHydraulic DriversAll Grease Applications

Heavy EquipmentElectrical GeneratorsDiesel EnginesHydraulic SystemsTransmissionsDifferentialsConveyor SystemsAir CompressorsHeavy-Duty Bearings

Other Industrial ApplicationsEarth MovingMiningRailShippingMilitaryManufacturing

RecreationalMotorcycles (two & four stroke)Boat Motors (two & four stroke)Boat Drive SystemsLawn and Garden EquipmentRace CarsHome WorkshopJet SkiGo-CartsSnow MobilesModel AirplanesFirearms


Xpand™ Limited WarrantyGlobal Energy Options Inc., manufacturer and distributor of a product named Xpand™, an antifriction metal conditioner, warrants the following:

• Any failure of any piece of equipment using Xpand™ where the cause of the failure is directly related to the use of the Xpand™ product will be treated as a warranty claim. A repair adjustment will be settled on parts only with Global Energy Options Inc. and the user.

• The cost of 'Proof of Failure' is the responsibility of the user.

• The following documentation must be provided:

• Make, model, serial number, unit number, date, mileage, hours of the first application of Xpand™ and the subsequent application dates, mileage, hours of any and all engines, vehicles or equipment.

This information must be on file with Global Energy Options Inc. within 15 days of application.

• Application is subject to the lubrication schedule recommended by engine, transmission and/or other component parts manufactured.

• Global Energy Options Inc. makes no claims of "miracle" cures to old and worn parts.

• Global Energy Options Inc. does state that Xpand™ reduces friction.

• Global Energy Options Inc. is not responsible for coincidental damages or misuse of Xpand™.

Global Energy Options (US) Inc.700 W. Mississippi Ave., Building C-3, Denver, CO 80223

Phone: 303-744-2100FAX: 303-744-7141

www.GEOHydrogen.net

www.GEOHydrogen.net

AmericasGlobal Energy Options (US) Inc.700 W. Mississippi Ave., Building C-3, Denver, CO 80223 USA

Phone: 303-744-2100FAX: 303-744-7141

EuropeGlobal Energy Options S.à r.l.

Phone: +352 279 98689

Europe Americas Asia

· pdf filellc, a company that owns 100 percent of the xpand™ ip. currently the product...

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