Presenters:Muhammad Khairuddin bin Zul Akman

Norhani binti AzmiNurilani binti Sidik

Nur Amira binti SidekNur Hayatun Syamila Abdul Latif

HISTORY of UNITED NATIONSOrigins in World War IICame from secret meeting between Franklin

D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill - came up with Atlantic Charter but they

wanted to create “a wider and permanent system of general security

This was to become the UN

Atlantic Charter

All countries should have a democratic government

All countries would engage in trade freely with

one anotherAll countries would share in world prosperityAll countries would seek to reduce their

weaponry

Yalta ConferenceThe “Big Three” agreed on the voting arrangements that would be used in the UN

Any nation in the UN included self-governing dominions would have

one vote on issues(but USSR would have three voteHowever the “Big Four” have veto power to stop the introduction of a decision by the General Assembly

The Charter of the UN was drafted at the UN

Conference on International

Organization in San Francisco

……………………………..UN officially came into

existence on October 24, 1945 after ratification of

the Charter

Formation of UNofficially came into existence on 24 October

1945had been ratified by a majority of the original

51 Member StatesThe day is now celebrated each year around

the world as United Nations Day.

Purposes of Formation  is to bring all nations of the world together

to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people

affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems.

 currently 192 Members of the United Nations

meet in the General Assembly, which is the closest thing to a world parliament.

 United Nations Headquarters is in New York City but the land and buildings are international territory

 United Nations has its own flag, its own post office and its own postage stamps

official languages are used at the United Nations - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

 UN European Headquarters is in the Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland

 has offices in Vienna, Austria and Economic Commissions in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, Amman in Jordan, Bangkok in Thailand and Santiago in Chile. The senior officer of the United Nations Secretariat is the Secretary-General.

MAIN BODIES

Trusteeship Council

General Assemblyis the main deliberative organ of the UN and

is composed of representatives of all Member States. The work of the United Nations year-round derives largely from the mandates given by the General Assembly. A revitalization of the Assembly is under way to enhance its role, authority, effectiveness and efficiency

6 Main Committee First Committee (Disarmament and International Security

Committee) is concerned with disarmament and related international security questions; 

Second Committee (Economic and Financial Committee) is concerned with economic questions; 

Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee) deals with social and humanitarian issues; 

Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization Committee) deals with a variety of political subjects not dealt with by the First Committee, as well as with decolonization; 

Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary Committee) deals with the administration and budget of the United Nations; and 

Sixth Committee (Legal Committee) deals with international legal matters.

Programmes and Funds International Trade Centre (ITC) Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) United Nations Volunteers (UNV) United Nations Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) (2) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the

Near East (UNRWA) United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) Research and Training Institutes United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute

(UNICRI) United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the

Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW) United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)

Security CouncilThe Security Council has primary

responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. A reform of the Security Council, including its membership is under consideration."

Economic and Social CouncilThe Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC),

established by the UN Charter, is the principal organ to coordinate the economic, social and related work of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and institutions.

Regional CommissionsUnited Nations Economic Commission for

Africa (ECA)United Nations Economic and Social Commission

for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)United Nations Economic Commission for

Europe (ECE)United Nations Economic Commission for Latin

America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)United Nations Economic and Social Commission

for Western Asia (ESCWA)

Trusteeship Council"The Trusteeship Council was established in

1945 by the UN Charter to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence.

International Court of Justice"The International Court of Justice, located at

the Hague in the Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions to the UN and its specialized agencies.

Secretariat"The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day

work of the Organization. It services the other principal organs and carries out tasks as varied as the issues dealt with by the UN

Membership of UN

Membership is open to all peace - loving nations. Today there are about 200 countries in the UN - only very few have not become members.

Switzerland joined the UN in 2002 because the Swiss always wanted to be neutral.

Use of chemical weapons in Syria would be ‘reprehensible’ – UN

chief

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon: “It would be reprehensible if anybody in

Syria is contemplating use of such weapons of mass destruction, like chemical weapons”

Syria is not a party to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

The Syrian Government : Use chemical and biological weapons

against foreign attack-not use against its own citizens.

More than 10,000 people, mostly civilians, have been killed.

Tens of thousands displaced since the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad began some 16 months ago.