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Code – 02

(Syllabus for Major Subject - Plant Science)

Visit Our Website : tgagri.weebly.com Mohd. Ashif Qureshi

1. Major Subject (75%)

2. General Agriculture (25%)

A. Major Subject (75%)

Genetics

1. History of Genetic and Important Scientists.

2. Important Terminology – Genetics, Heredity, Inheritence, Characters, traits, Allele,

Gene, Genotypes, Phenotypes, Homozygous, Heterozygous, Homogeneous,

Heterogeneous, Pureline, Backcross, etc.

3. Mendel’s laws of inheritance and exceptions to the laws.(Pre & Post Mendelian)

4. Types of gene action, Multiple factor hypothesis.

5. Quantitative traits - Qualitative traits and differences between them

6. Linkage & Crossing over, Cytoplasmic inheritance

7. Mutation & Polyploidy

8. Regulation Gene expression; Lac operon and Fine structure of Gene.

9. Ultra structure of cell and cell organelles and their functions.

10. Study of chromosome structure, morphology, number and types- Karyotype and

Ideogram.

11. Mitosis and meiosis - their significance and differences between them.

Sub subjects

(Direct)

Sub subjects

(Indirect/Hidden)

1. Genetics & Plant Breeding 1. Plant Physiology

2. Plant Pathology 2. Plant Biotechnology & Biochemistry

3. Seed Science & Technology 4. IPR (Intellectual property Rights

4. Microbiology 5. Statistics

5. Plant Genetic Resources 6. Economic Zoology & Botany

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12. DNA and its structure, function, types, modes of replication and repair.

13. RNA and its structure function and types.

14. Central Dogma (Transcription & Translation)

15. Genetic code

Plant Breeding

1. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding.

2. History and development of plant breeding – scientific contributions of eminent

scientists landmarks in plant breeding, Centre of origine.

3. Modes of reproduction – asexual reproduction (vegetative reproduction and apomixis)

and sexual reproduction – their classification and significance in plant breeding.

4. Modes of pollination – self pollination, cross-pollination & often cross pollinated crops.

5. Method of plant breeding – classification of plant breeding methods – methods of

breeding for self-pollinated, cross-pollinated and asexually propagated species – brief

account of breeding methods.

6. Plant introduction – primary introduction and secondary introduction, procedure of

plant introduction, merits and demerits of plant introduction.

7. Selection – natural and artificial selection, heritability

8. Mass selection – procedure for evolving a variety by mass selection, modification of

mass selection, merits, demerits and achievements.

9. Pure line - Selection and its concepts and significance, characters of pure lines, progeny

test, Genetic basis of pure line selection, general procedure for evolving a variety by

pure line selection, merits, demerits and achievements, comparison between mass and

pure line selection.

10. Biometrics – definition, qualitative and quantitative, biometrical techniques in plant

breeding, components of genetic variation i.e. additive, dominance and epistatic

variance – differences between additive and dominance variance.

11. Hybridization – aims and objectives – types of hybridization – pre-requisites for

hybridization – procedure / steps involved in hybridization.

12. Pedigree method – procedure – modifications of pedigree method – merits, demerits

and achievements.

13. Bulk method – procedure – merits, demerits and achievements of bulk method –

comparison between pedigree and bulk method – single seed descent method.

14. Backcross method of breeding – its requirements and applications – procedure for

transfer of single dominant gene/ recessive gene and procedure for transfer of single

recessive gene.

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15. Self-incompatibility– Classification, mechanisms of self-incompatibility, Self-

incompatibility, advantages and disadvantages – utilization in crop improvement.

16. Male sterility – Classification of male sterility, Inheritance and maintenance(ABR line),

Male sterility, utilization of male sterile lines in hybrid seed production, their

limitations, advantages and disadvantages.

17. Hardy Weinberg Law – factors affecting equilibrium frequencies in random mating

populations.

18. Heterosis – heterosis and hybrid vigour – luxuriance – heterobeltiosis – genetic bases of

heterosis – dominance, over dominance and epistasis hypotheses.

19. Inbreeding depression – brief history – effects of inbreeding – degrees of inbreeding

depression – procedure for development of inbred lines and their evaluation.

20. Population improvement Recurrent selection – Different types & Detailed Procedure,

Ear to Row Method.

21. Methods of breeding for vegetatively propagated crops– Clonal selection,

characteristics of clones, procedure, advantages and disadvantages, clonal

degeneration, achievements, comparison among clones, purelines and inbreds.

22. Mutation breeding – spontaneous and induced mutations – characteristic features of

mutations – procedure of mutation breeding – applications – advantages, limitations

and achievements.

23. Polyploidy

24. Resistance- Horizontal and Vertical Resistance.

25. Hybrid variety, Synthetic variety, Composite variety, Cultivar, Artificial seed variety

26. Famous Hybrid variety with name of developers and their centre.

27. All important hypothesis.

Important Books

List of Important Text Books for ICAR JRF Plant Science (for Genetics & Plant Breeding)

1. Fundamentals of genetics – BD Singh

2. Elements of genetics – Phundan Singh

3. Principles of plant breeding - BD Singh

4. Essentials of plant breeding – Phundan Singh

Important Objective Books (for Genetics & Plant Breeding)

1. Plant Science JRF By Elangovan

2. Objective Genetics and plant breeding - Phundan Singh

3. Objective genetics BD Singh & BK Prasad

4. Objectives of plant breeding – Phundan Singh

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Plant Pathology

1. Definition and objective of Plant Pathology- History of Plant Pathology; National and

International Milestone of Plant Pathology, All Famines, Father of All fields and their

important books.

2. Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology, Disease triangle, Disease pyramide, Survival

and Dispersal of Plant Pathogen.

3. Important plant pathogenic organism- different groups- fungi, bacteria, fastidious

vesicular bacteria, phytoplasma, spiroplasma, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa and

phanerogametic parasites with example of disease cause by them.

4. Classification of disease, Major disease and their causal organism with transmitted

vector.

5. General characters of fungi- Definition of fungus, somatic structure, types of fungal

thalli, fungal tissues, & modification of thallus, Reproduction in fungi (Asexual & Sexual),

types of spores, Rust cycle of Wheat

6. Phenomenon of infection – pre-penetration, penetration and post penetration

7. Pathogenesis – Role of enzymes, toxins, growth regulators and polysaccharides

8. Defense mechanism in plants – Structural and Bio-chemical (pre and post infection).

9. Plant disease epidemiology – Meaning and importance, difference between simple and

compound interest diseases – Factors affecting plant disease epidemics – host,

pathogen, environment and time factor.

10. Plant Disease Forcasting – Meaning, advantages, methods in forecasting and examples.

11. General principles of plant diseases management –Avoidance, exclusion, eradication,

protection and therapy, immunization.

12. Disease control method- Cultural method, Physical and Mechanical method, Biological

control method, Regulatory methods– Plant Quarantine and Inspection, Chemical

methods, Host plant resistance.

13. Integrated plant disease management (IDM) – Concept, advantages and importance.

Important Books for Plant pathology

1. Fungi bacteria virus – H.C.Dube

2. Uttapal kumar Bhattacharya

3. Plant pathology –Alice

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Seed Science & Seed Technology

1. Introduction, Aim, Definition, History, Role of Seed technology in Modern Agriculture

2. Role of various Agencies in the Development of Indian Seed Industry, NSC and SSC

3. Seed, Grains, Seed quality control

4. Morphology and Anatomy of seed, Development of seed

5. Types of seed on the various basis

6. Seed Treatments, Seed health and storage, Seed Processing

7. Seed testing, Seed sampling, Seed heterogrneity test, Moisture test, Genetic purity test,

Viability test;Tetrazolium test, Electrophoresis, Grow out test, Germination test, Seed

vigour test, Seed health test, DUS test.

8. Seed germination; types of seed germination, Seed Dormancy

9. Isolation distance of major crops

10. Seed certification, Seed Legislation

Important Books for Seed Technology

1. QB Question Bank: Seed Science and Technology – K. Vanagamudi, M. Bhaskaran, R.

vijayan, C, Menaka

2. Ratan lal Agarwal Seed technology

3. Objective seed technology – TNAU

4. Objective Seed Technlogy – Phundan Singh

Microbiology

1. History, Definition and scope of microbiology-Spontaneous generation theory.

2. Contributions and Milestone of microbiology

3. Microscopy- Compound and Electron microscope

4. Sterilization, pasteurization, fermentation

5. Groups of microorganisms- difference between Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

6. Bacterial morphology, Staining of microorganisms, Structures and Reproduction of

bacteria, Nutrition in bacteria, Bacterial growth- growth curve, Aerobes and Anaerobes,

7. Morphology of algae and fungi.

8. Viruses, Bacteriophages

9. Genetic elements in bacteria – Mutation, Recombination, Bacterial genetics.

10. Uses of Micro-organism, Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Food & Industry, Composting &

Biogas production.

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Important Books for Microbiology

1. Microbiology by Tauro and kapoor

2. Objective Agricultural Microbiology at a glance

Plant Genetic Resources

1. Biodiversity and Plant Genetic Resourses

2. Explorating and Germplasm collections, NBPGR and its activity, genetic erosion – gene

sanctuaries

3. Germplasm exchange and Plant Quarantine

4. Principle and Methods of Germplasm Conservation

5. Biotechnology in Plant Genetic Resources Management

6. International, National, Central, Directorate.

7. Plant Biosecurity

8. Fundamental of Molecular Biology for Plant Genetic Resources Management

Plant Physiology

1. Transport in Plants- Means of Transport, Plant Water Relations, Long Distance

Transport of Water, Transpiration, Uptake and Transport of Mineral Nutrients, Phloem

Transport: Flow from Source to Sink.

2. Minerals Nutrition- Methods to Study the Mineral Requirements of Plants, Essential

Mineral Elements, Mechanism of Absorption of Elements, Translocation of Solutes, Soil

as Reservoir of Essential Elements, Metabolism of Nitrogen.

3. Photosynthesis- Where does Photosynthesis take place, How many Pigments are

involved in Photosynthesis, What is Light Reaction, The Electron Transport, Where are

the ATP and NADPH Used, The C2, C3, C4, CAM Pathway, Photorespiration, Factors

affecting of Photosynthesis.

4. Respiration in Plant- Aerobic & Anerobic respiration, Glycolysis (EMP Pathway),

Intermediate or Link reaction, Krebs cycle, Fermentation, Aerobic Respiration, The

Respiratory Balance Sheet, Amphibolic Pathway, Respiratory Quotient.

5. Plant Growth and Development- Growth, Differentiation, Dedifferentiation And

Redifferentiation Development, Plant Growth Regulators, Photoperiodism,

Vernalisation.

Important Books for Plant Physiology

1. Allen & Aakash modules

2. Text book for Plant Physiology (State Board Publication Books- 12th

)

3. NCERT 11th

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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

1. Introduction and History of IPR in India.

2. Copyright, Patent, Trademark, Trade secret, Designs, Geographical Indications(GI) of

Goods.

3. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer Rights Act, 2001 (PPV&FR-2001)

4. PCT, EPC, TRIPS, WTO, WIPO, UPOV, GATT, EDV, CBD

5. Gene patent and Genetic Resources

6. Plant Breeder Rights, Breeder’s Exemption

7. Farmer Privilege, Farmer Rights

Statistics

1. Measure of Central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode)

2. Measure of Disperson (Standard Deviation)

3. Correlation & Regression Coefficient)

4. Probability

5. Basic Experimental Designs- CRD, RBD, LSD

6. Chi-square test

Economic Zoology

1. Economic Zoology- Honey bee, Silk, Lac insect

B. General Agriculture (25%)

Important Books for General Agriculture :-

1. Current Affairs

2. General agriculture by Nem raj Sunda

3. General agriculture by Arun katyayan vol 1 & 2

4. General agriculture by Muniraj singh rathore

5. Objective agriculture by SR Kantwa

6. General Agriculture for Postgraduate Entrance Exam Test (PET) BHU by Elangovan,

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