FLUORIDATION OF DRINKING WATER

Dr. A. Ahad ShafiqueLCMD

By the end of this lecture you shall know:-

What is fluoridationOptimal levels of FluorideCaries Reduction through Fluoride

Aims

Fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride in the general drinking water supply to a level that caries can be prevented and ________ can be avoided??

What is Fluoridation?

Similarly another process in which fluoride is removed form the water supply as it is excessive in amount. This is done on those areas where water is highly rich fluoride and may lead to dental as well as skeletal fluorosis.

Defluoridation

Fluoride in water is normally measured as PPM (parts per million) which is also the same unit as Mg/L (milligram per litre).

UNITS

1 PPM will be ?????

So??

The level of fluoride in drinking water depends upon the area wise temperature.

A person living in hot climate regions will tend to drink more water compared to one living in cold regions. So therefore there is a range

OPTIMAL FLOURIDE

Normally when fluoridation is done it is done in accordance to the season or temperature zone wise.

Use of fluoridated water in making soda is also common.

FLUORIDE LEVEL

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE FLUORIDATION STATUS IN SIBI COMPARED TO THAT OF NARAN

QUESTION

The world health organization has recommended a range for the optimal level of F in the water supply which is 0.5-1.0 ppm of F for all the parts of the world.

OPTIMAL RANGE

Fluoride contaminated drinking water is a global problem affecting more than 25 nations and over 200 million people globally. The present study was aimed to determine the fluoride concentration in the drinking water of certain areas of Lahore (Manga Mandi, Ali Razaabad, Nawab town, Patoki, Multan road, Judicial colony, Dubai town, Mustafa town) and its relationship to dental fluorosis. A total of 300 patients with dental fluorosis were seen and dental fluorosis was observed using Dean’s index. Forty eight samples of drinking water from the patients presenting clinical dental fluorosis were collected randomly. Fluoride concentration in the drinking water was determined through the courtesy of Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) using SPADNS method and fluorosis was determined by using Dean’s index. The results show that all the patients with dental fluorosis were living in areas where fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.27 ppm to 7.4 ppm. It was concluded that dental fluorosis seen in patients was directly proportional to the fluoride concentration in their drinking water. This indicates that dental fluorosis is the result of high fluoride in the body and it can affect teeth, bones as well as other tissues resulting in serious illness. It should be taken seriously by the concerned authorities to save humanity from the detrimental effects of fluoride. Serious measures are needed for providing clean drinking water to inhabitants of the area.

CONCENTRATION OF FLUORIDE IN DRINKING WATER OF CERTAINAREAS OF LAHORE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE SEVERITY OFFLUOROSIS (Rashid, S. And Rizwan, M.) (2013)

Across the world water fluoridation has been taken into considerations.

But unfortunately there is no central governing authority that is responsible for the collection of data associated with the identification of the areas which are fluoridated and which needs to be fluoridated

World Status On Fluoridation

Ireland is one of those countries in the world which has implemented fluoridation laws similarly Singapore is the only city which has laws in regards to fluoridation

What do you think that what should be the level of fluoride in the drinking water that it might lead to dental fluorosis??

QUESTION

Caries status among the society has tend to improve and this can be attributed to the fluoridation.

As per Centre for disease Control (CDC) water Fluoridation is one of the 10th top public health achievement of the twentieth century.

CARIES REDUCTION

Disparities can be defined as the differences between favoured and unfavoured groups in our society.

What are these groups?

REDUCING THE DISPARITIES

Fluoridation of drinking water is one of those public health achievements which have helped in reducing the disparities in the society.

SES

It has been observed that caries in children seem to be reduced in children residing in fluoridated areas when compared to those residing in unfluoridated areas.

A study based in USA suggested that there is 8-35% decrease in caries in children residing in the areas which are fluoridated.

CARIES REDUCTION IN CHILDREN

The studies have suggested that adults residing in the areas which are fluoridated have less risk of coronal and root caries

This is very important as with age people have increased chances of root caries.

CARIES REDUCTION IN ADULTS

What do you think will happen to a fetus if a mother takes fluoridated water???

PRENATAL AFFECTS

No effects have been observed

However of the concentration of fluoride is high than there might be a problem with the bone formation

Studies have suggested that primary dentition are less prone to caries when fluoridated water is used for drinking purpose.

Is is beneficial or not?

PRIMARY DENTITION AND FLUORIDATION

The optimal level of Fluoride in drinking water should be???

What if the values are below like 0.4-0.7??

What will happen?

Partial Exposure

Evidence suggests that cariostatic effect will be seen.

This suggests that if I have a carious lesion in my oral cavity what will happen??

Studies suggest that caries incidence will increase

What do you think will happen??

CARIES WHEN FLURIDATION IS CEASED

If it is still declining what will be the reason behind it??

Alternatives