wwi –the great war 1914-1918
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WWI –The Great War 1914-1918. Ms. Dyck. Bellringer: 12/16/2013. List the three different types of trenches used in trench warfare. Describe trench warfare. What were American soldiers referred to as on the Western Front? How long did World War I last?. Answers: 12/16/2013. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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WWI –The Great War1914-1918
Ms. Dyck
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Bellringer: 12/16/2013
• List the three different types of trenches used in trench warfare.
• Describe trench warfare.
• What were American soldiers referred to as on the Western Front?
• How long did World War I last?
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Answers: 12/16/2013
• Frontline, support, and reserve trenches.
• Brutish, harsh, and nasty. Wet and muddy.
• Doughboys
• From 1914-1918
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Agenda: 12/16/2013
• Bellringers• CNN Student News• Finish notes on World War I• World War I Notebook Check• When you finish the notebook check, please
make sure you are working on completing your “Current Events.” There should be “8” Current Events by Wednesday. This is a test grade. If you do not have “8” Current Events, please work on getting “8” by Wednesday.
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Bellringer: 12/13/2013
• What were the four long term causes of World War I?
• What was the immediate cause for World War I?
• What countries were members of the Triple Alliance?
• What countries were members of Allies at start of World War I?
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Answers: 12/13/2013
• M-militarism, A-alliances, I-imperialism, N-nationalism
• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Triple Alliance members were Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary
• Great Britain, France, Russia
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Agenda:
• Bellringer• CNN Student News (Maybe????)• World War I
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Bellringer: 12/11/2013
• Who was Nelson Mandela?
• What country was he president of from 1994-1999?
• Nelson Mandela was a member of what political organization in Africa?
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Answers: 12/11/2013
• He was a politician, social activist, and lawyer who fought to end the apartheid system (segregation system) in South Africa from 1962 until 1991.
• South Africa
• ANC (African National Congress)
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Agenda: 12/11/2013 (3rd and 4th Block)
• Bellringer/Reflection• CNN Student News • HWK Assignment: Review it• Current Event #7 (20 minutes)• Discuss beginning of World War I
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Objective(s)
• Students will be able identify the political and military forces at work in Europe in the late 1800s.
• List the countries that made up the Triple Alliance and the and the Triple Entente.
• Summarize events that set World War I into motion.
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Long-term Causes- MAIN
• Militarism- aggressive preparation for war• Alliances-
• Triple Alliance- GY, Au-Hu, Italy• Triple Entente- GB, FR, RU
• Imperialism- competition over land & resources
• Nationalism- some ethnic groups didn’t have their own nation or were being ruled by another ethnic group (wanted independence)
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Immediate cause- “Spark that lit the fuse for WWI”
• By 1914, Serbia (supported by Russia) wanted to create a large Slavic state in the Balkans, which Au-Hu wanted to prevent.
• A group of terrorists- The Black Hand, wanted Serbia to be free of Au-Hu rule.
• June 28, 1914- Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife visited Sarajevo, Bosnia.
•Gavrilo Princip shot & killed the Archduke &
his wife
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Timeline of events leading to WWI-1914
AU-HU sent an ultimatum to Serbia (after AU-HU received support from GY)
July 23, 1914
Serbia rejects the ultimatum
AU-HU declares war on Serbia
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RU orders troops to the AU-HU & German border
GY warns RU to stop sending troops w/in 12 hours
RU ignores warning & GY declares war on RU (Aug.1)
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GY declares war on FR & GY demands that Belgium allow German troops to pass through to get to FR. (Aug. 3)
Belgium (ally of GB) refuses
GB declares war on GY (Aug. 4)
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Starting the War- Alliances
• The Triple Alliance now became the
Central Powers- Germany &
Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Italy dropped out of the TA and joined the Allies)
• The Triple Entente now became the
Allies- Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy
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Germany’s Strategy
• Schlieffen Plan- two front war w/ FR & RU• Defeat FR quickly and
then go after RU
Count Alfred von Schlieffen
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Govt. Propaganda- ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause
German propaganda
Many believed war would be over in weeks.
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War Technology in WWI- “Total War”
• Machine guns *poison gas• Trench warfare *airplanes• Artillery *tanks• submarines
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/videos#world-war-i-packs
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Problems with trench warfare
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU&edufilter=vH8ntV7keCE-ZLl5wRMzNg
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Exit Slip Questions: 12/13/2013
• What were the four causes for World War I? (hint: MAIN)
• What was the immediate cause of World War I?• List the countries part of the Triple Alliance
before the start of World War I.• List the countries part of the Triple Entente
before the start of World War I.• Which was the first European nation to declare
war and what country did the declare war on?• At the start of the war, who are the nations
part of the Allies?• What countries are part of the Central Power?
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Bellringer: 12/12/2013
• Complete the handout on “Causes of World War I”
1. Nationalism, Imperialism, and the arms race.
2. Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy; Triple Entente_ great Britain, France, and Russia
3. The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian national Garvilo Princip
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The Fronts
• The Western Front-First Battle of the Marne
(Sep. 6-10, 1914)– French halted the Germans and the battle turned into a stalemate (neither side winning/losing) in the trenches
-Schlieffen Plan ruined
• The Eastern Front
-RU defeated by GY at the Battle of Tannenberg (Aug. 30, 1914). (RU slow to mobilize troops)
-AU-Hu defeated by RU and kicked out of Serbia
-GY, Au-Hu, and Bulgaria join forces & defeat the Russians & push them back (Serbia was attacked & eliminated from the war)
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Battles near Verdun and the Somme River-1916 (France)
• Trench warfare was deadly and neither side ever gained much ground
• Verdun- French vs. Germans (over 300,000 killed)
• Somme- British/French vs. Germans (approx. 1 million killed), only a few miles gained by each side
http://www.history.com/videos/1916-battle-of-the-somme#1916-battle-of-the-somme
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U.S. enters WWI
• U.S. tried to remain neutral at first
• England had set up a blockade on Germany (to prevent supplies from getting through)
• GY started their own blockade against GB by using unrestricted submarine warfare with u-boats
http://www.history.com/videos/wwi-firsts#wwi-firsts
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The RMS Lusitania• May 7,
1915- Lusitania sunk by GY’s u-boat
• 1,100 killed (128 Americans)
• U.S. very upset
• GY stops unrestricted submarine warfare• Resumes
April 1917p.584-585 “Special Report”
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Zimmermann Note/Telegram
• Telegram sent by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire- Arthur Zimmermann (Jan. 16, 1917- which was forwarded to the German ambassador in Mexico- von Eckardt)
• Stated GY (when it won WWI) would help Mexico regain land it had lost to the U.S. if Mexico attacked the U.S.
• Britain intercepted the telegram
• U.S. declares war on GY- April 6, 1917
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The End is Coming… the war that is!
• Entry of the U.S. in 1917 gave the Allies a much-needed psychological boost, along with fresh men & material
An American “Doughboy”
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The Home Front
• Total War- complete mobilization of resources & people
• Govt's. expanded their powers & drafted tens of millions of young men for military service• Set up price, wage, & rent controls;
rationed food supplies & materials
• Women took over jobs now that the men had gone to war• When the men returned, the women
were out of a job
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Post-Assignment-Homework (Read pg. 594-601)
1. Why was the Industries Board established?2. Describe the war time economy?3. How did the average American and business
conserve food during this period?4. How much did the federal government spend on
the war?5. How did the federal government popularize the
war?6. What did the Esponiage and Sedition Acts
prohibit and what were the penalties under these laws?
7. What was the Great Migration? Why did it occur?
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Continued: Post-Assignment and Homework
8. What roles did women take on during World War I?9. What was the impact of the flu epidemic of 1918?
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Objective(s):
• SWBAT describe the Russian Revolution and the causes for the movement.
• SWAT describe key figures of the Russian Revolution and their role in transforming Russia to a communist country.
• SWBAT identify new countries formed as a result of World War I and the outcomes of World War I.
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Russian Revolution• 1914- Czar Nicholas
made the decision for Russia to go to war (Russia was unprepared)
• 1915- Nicholas moved his headquarters to the war front
• Back at the palace, Czarina Alexandra ran the govt., with the help/advice of Rasputin.
The Romanov Family
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Rasputin- “The Mad Monk”
• Self-described holy man
• Convinced the Czarina he had “powers” to heal her son (Alexis) who had hemophilia
• Given power to make key decisions at court (which most didn’t like)
• Dec. 1916- murdered
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzWdJIN7zNA
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March Revolution-1917
• Women textile workers led a strike & later riots started over shortages of bread & fuel
• Czar Nicholas forced to abdicate
• Provisional Govt.- temporary govt. was set up in Russia.
• Soviets- local councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers
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Vladimir Lenin • Leader of the Bolshevik Party
• Early 1900s- fled Russia to avoid arrest by the czarist regime
• GY arranged for Lenin’s return during WWI (to stir up trouble). Arrived in 1917
• Slogan- “Peace, Land, Bread”
• Nov. 1917- Lenin/Bolsheviks take over
• Romanovs assassinated-July 1918
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Bolshevik Reforms
1. All farmland distributed among the peasants
2. Gave control of factories to the workers
3. 1918- Signed a truce with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)- stopped war b/w GY & RU
Boris Kustodiev’s 1920 painting "Bolshevik"
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Soviet Union/USSR
• 1922- Russia becomes the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Soviet Union)
• Capital- Moscow
• Bolsheviks renamed the Communist Party
• Lenin dies in 1924 & is replaced by Joseph Stalin
*sickle- the peasants/farmers*hammer- the workers*red- blood spilt by the workers who fought for freedom*yellow star- life and energy of the sun; five points of the star symbolize the single unity and international representation of the government — 5 recognized continents.
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Second Battle of the Marne• By April 1918- German
troops were within 50 miles of Paris
• July 1918- GY stopped by French, Moroccan, & U.S. troops in the Second Battle of the Marne
• GY pushed back & the Allies moved towards GY
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The End of WWI
• By Sep. 1918- the war is lost for GY
• Nov. 11, 1918- GY signed an armistice (truce, an agreement to stop fighting)
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Peace Treaty
• Jan. 1919- Paris Peace Conference
• The Big Four- U.S., FR, GB, IT • Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau, Wilson
• GY & RU not invited (????)
• Wilson’s plan for peace- “Fourteen Points”• League of Nations- organization of countries, to
prevent war (formed Jan. 25, 1919)
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Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)
• Article 231- “War Guilt Clause”- GY & AU-HU started the war
• GY had to pay reparations (war damages)
• $32-33 billion• 2010- GY finished paying
the US• 2020- the rest of the world
• GY forced to reduce its army to 100,000 men
• Cut back its navy• Eliminate its air force • The Rhineland was
established (neutral, de-militarized zone) between FR and GY
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Aftermath of the First World War
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New Countries Established
• Finland• Latvia• Estonia• Lithuania• Poland• Czechoslovakia• Austria• Hungary• Yugoslavia
• New Countries had many ethnic groups within them, which will lead to later conflicts.
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CSWK/HMWK
• Make sure you have copied all notes for notebook check on Wednesday.
• Read about the court case—Schenck v. United States (1919)•Explain the major difference or
similarity in the two opinion.