wwi consumes europe
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WWI Consumes Europe. Assassination in Sarajevo. Austria Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand A/H gave Serbia an Ultimatum—final set of demands A/H wanted to end all nationalist activities in Serbia. Alliance System Collapses. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WWI Consumes Europe
Assassination in Sarajevo Austria Hungary blamed
Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
A/H gave Serbia an Ultimatum—final set of demands
A/H wanted to end all nationalist activities in Serbia
Alliance System Collapses Serbia agreed to most of the demands, but
not all July 28, 1914 — A/H declared war on
Serbia Russia mobilized troops – allies with
Serbia Germany – allies with Austria-Hungary -
responds to Russian troop mobilization & declares war with Russia
(Aug 3) Germany also declares war on France because France is allied with Russia
Two Front WarEastern Front
Russia vs. Germany and A/HWestern Front
France vs. Germany and A/H
Schlieffen Plan German plan German Army would defeat France first
and then return to fight Russia in the East This required going through Belgium (illegal -
Neutral Country) England was allied with Belgium England declares war on Germany (Aug 4,
1914)
Phase I of the Schlieffen Plan – Germany to Attack France through
Belgium (neutral)
European Nations Take Sides
Central Powers Germany A/H Bulgaria Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers England Russia / Serbia France Italy Japan 1917 - USA
Neutral
Albania Spain Denmark Sweden Netherlands Switzerland USA (Until 1917)
By October 1914 – Stalemate on Western Front
Neither side victorious Battle of the Marne (Sept 1914) Allied attack on Germans in Marne Valley N/E of
Paris Germans driven back Schlieffen Plan had failed to prevent Germany
from fighting a 2-front war – German generals fear the worst
Russia had invaded Germany from the East
Eastern Front – Russia attacks Area from Baltic Sea to Black Sea Russians and Serbs vs. Germans, A/H,
and Turks Russia was not industrialized – no
modern military technology Russian Soldiers lacked essential
supplies; Russia did not have enough RR to move troops quickly
However, Russia had more manpower than the Central Powers
Eastern Front – WWI
Trench Warfare (Early 1915) On Western Front Armies from both sides dug miles of
parallel trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire
Stretched 500 miles from North Sea to Swiss Border
DRAW trench system in your notesNo Man’s LandBarbed Wire
“Over the top” after a shot of vodka
New Weaponry
Poison Gas Tanks Machine Guns Aircraft (used mainly for spying first) Larger Artillery
Tanks
Machine Guns
Poison Gas
Large Artillery
Flamethrowers
Airplanes
Submarines -- German U-boat
1915-1916
Soldier death rates increase Battle of Verdun 1916 — 300,000 French
and German Deaths Germans gained about 4 miles Battle of the Somme — 1916 — 500,000
French and German Deaths Allied troops gained about 5 miles
Shell Shock – post traumatic stress disorder from trench bombardments