WWIWWI

Congress approves declaration of Congress approves declaration of war, but what about getting the war, but what about getting the American people behind it?American people behind it?

Wilson ran for reelection in 1916 with Wilson ran for reelection in 1916 with the slogan “He Kept Us Out of War.” the slogan “He Kept Us Out of War.” Now he has to get the public who Now he has to get the public who supported neutrality and supported neutrality and noninvolvement behind the war noninvolvement behind the war effort.effort.

What should he do?What should he do?

What does he do?What does he do?

Hires George Creel to start Hires George Creel to start the Committee on Public the Committee on Public

InformationInformation

What does the What does the Committee on Public Information Committee on Public Information

do?do?Oversees all war-related newsOversees all war-related newsProduces filmsProduces filmsHires lecturers called “Four Minute Hires lecturers called “Four Minute

Men” who deliver 7.5 millions talksMen” who deliver 7.5 millions talksCreates propaganda posters to Creates propaganda posters to

generate support and sell bondsgenerate support and sell bonds

Over ThereOver There As sung by early- As sung by early-20th century recording artist 20th century recording artist

Billy Murray:: Verse 1Verse 1

Johnny,Johnny,[2] get your gun, get your gun, get your gun. get your gun, get your gun, get your gun. Take it on the run, on the run, on the run. Take it on the run, on the run, on the run. Hear them calling you and me, Hear them calling you and me, Every Every Son of Liberty. . Hurry right away, no delay, go today. Hurry right away, no delay, go today. Make your Daddy glad to have had such a lad. Make your Daddy glad to have had such a lad. Tell your sweetheart not to pine, Tell your sweetheart not to pine, To be proud her boy's in line. To be proud her boy's in line.

Verse 2Verse 2 Johnny, get gun, Johnny, get gun, Johnny, show the "Johnny, show the "Hun"[3] you're a son-of-a-gun. "[3] you're a son-of-a-gun. Hoist the flag and let her fly Hoist the flag and let her fly Yankee Doodle[4] do or die. Yankee Doodle[4] do or die. Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit. Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit. Yankee[5] to the ranks from the towns and the tanks.[6] Yankee[5] to the ranks from the towns and the tanks.[6] Make your Mother proud of you Make your Mother proud of you And the old red-white-and-blue[7] And the old red-white-and-blue[7]

ChorusChorus Over there, over there, Over there, over there, Send the word, send the word over there Send the word, send the word over there That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming The drums rum-tumming everywhere. The drums rum-tumming everywhere. So prepare, say a prayer, So prepare, say a prayer, Send the word, send the word to beware - Send the word, send the word to beware - We'll be over, we're coming over, We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's over, over there. And we won't come back till it's over, over there.

Why?Why?

Unite a multicultural society (with Unite a multicultural society (with German-Americans as the largest German-Americans as the largest ethnic group) behind the war effortethnic group) behind the war effort

Attract men to the armed services, Attract men to the armed services, get people to support themget people to support them

Sell war bonds and conserveSell war bonds and conserve Influence citizens to stop others from Influence citizens to stop others from

making anti-war and anti-draft making anti-war and anti-draft comments, and striking comments, and striking

What do you think?What do you think?

Is government sponsored Is government sponsored propaganda during wartime a good propaganda during wartime a good thing?thing?

Should your 1Should your 1stst Amendment rights be Amendment rights be protected during wartime? protected during wartime?

End of WWIEnd of WWI(now you can take some notes)(now you can take some notes)

Schenck V. U.S. 1919Schenck V. U.S. 1919 11stst Amendment right to free speech Amendment right to free speech

could be restricted during wartime could be restricted during wartime when words could cause “clear and when words could cause “clear and present danger” like shouting fire in present danger” like shouting fire in a crowded theatera crowded theater

Red Scare 1918-1919Red Scare 1918-1919

The Bolsheviks Revolution in Russia The Bolsheviks Revolution in Russia and its attack on capitalism and and its attack on capitalism and American beliefs led to an intense American beliefs led to an intense fear of communismfear of communism

Communists, socialists, anarchists, Communists, socialists, anarchists, labor leaders and immigrants were labor leaders and immigrants were targetstargets

Some imprisoned or exiledSome imprisoned or exiled

The Fourteen PointsThe Fourteen Points

Wilson’s peace proposal includedWilson’s peace proposal includedNo secret alliances, but open diplomacyNo secret alliances, but open diplomacyFreedom of the seasFreedom of the seasRemoval of trade barriersRemoval of trade barriersArms reductionArms reductionSelf-determination – right of a people or Self-determination – right of a people or

nation to choose their own governmentnation to choose their own government

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Germany had to:Germany had to:War guilt – accept responsibility of War guilt – accept responsibility of

causing warcausing warReparationsReparationsDemilitarizationDemilitarizationLoss of territory in Europe and coloniesLoss of territory in Europe and coloniesLeague of Nations – a new world peace League of Nations – a new world peace

organizationorganization

Treaty of Versailles and League Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations rejected by Senateof Nations rejected by Senate

Isolationists in Congress fear U.S. Isolationists in Congress fear U.S. involvement in future warsinvolvement in future wars

Wilson will not compromise on changesWilson will not compromise on changesNation sticks with its traditional foreign Nation sticks with its traditional foreign

policy of nonintervention and acting policy of nonintervention and acting alonealone

Rejection of Treaty by Senate is an Rejection of Treaty by Senate is an example of…example of…

Legislative check on Executive powerLegislative check on Executive power