written verbs ~~ idioms ·~· adverbs
TRANSCRIPT
Lower Primary
Written & illustratect by Zencta Leu ~
VERBS ~~ IDIOMS ·~· ADVERBS ... ~
® ~~
~· ANTONYMS .·; ,,. PROVERBS 1.....--1'<-'
Q'°Q
NOUNS PLACES ~~= - ARTICLES 0 1.1 ••
'11\:i6·; ADJECTIVES .,,·c PRONOUNS ·.,·,,..,, •
· OCCUPATIONS ·. SOUNDS ~:\.)
SIMILES · · 'CONJUNCTIONS
t:J @
@ C9 r::i 63 B
I I 0 I
§ ~
g @ @ @ ~ ~
© Teachers' Produc tion
.~.2.rt.t.~n.t .. ~g·g·~ page
Parts of Speec h I l ,._ ... _ .,,,,_ ,, ... _ .. ,,_ ,,,_ ,, ._ .. ,_ .. ,.,_ .. .,,_ ,.,,_ ,, .. _ ,, - ··-· .. -· .. -· .... -.... -... -... -Nouns 2 -·-···-··-··-···-· ·- ·-.... - ... - ... ·-·-· ·-·-··- ···-··-···-
Common/ Proper Nouns 3 ,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,.,,_ ,,,,_ ,, ,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,
l ,,_ ,,,_ ,,,_ ,.,,_ .,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,_
Gender Nouns 4 - 5 ._,,,_.,,,,_ ,,.,_,,_, ,_.,_,,,_,,,_.,,,,_,._.
I ._,,,_,,,_,,,,_,,,_.,,_
Singular/Plural Nouns 6 - l 0 ,,_,,,,_,,,,,_,,,,,_,,,,,_,,,,_,,, ,,_,,,,_ ..,,,_,,,,,_,,,,,_ ,,,_,,, ,,_,,,_,,,_ ,,,,_,,,,_,,,,_ ,,,_
Collec tive Nouns l l - l 5 ,_,,,_,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,_,,, ,_,,_ .. ,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,_, ,_,,_ ,,,_,,,,_,,,,_,,,,_, .. _
Pronouns l 6 - l 7 ,,_ ,,,_ .. ,,._ ,,, .. _ .. ,,_ ,,,,_ .. ._ .,,._.,, .. _ ... ,,_ .,,,,_ , .. _ ..
l _, .. _ ... _.,,_ .... _ .. ,,_ .. ,,_ ,,,,_
Adjectives l 8 21 -,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,, .. _ ,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,._ ,, ,_ ,,_ ,,,_ ,,,_ ,,,,_ .,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,_
Verbs 22 - 25 ,_ ,,,_ ,,,,,_ .,,,,_ ,.,,_ ,,,_ ,_ ,,,_ ,,,,,_ ,.,,,_ , .. ,,_ .. ,_ ..
I ,,_ ,,,_ , .. ,_ .. , .. _, .... _ .. ,,_ .. ,_
Adverbs 26 - 27 .. - ... -..... -..... -..... -.... - ... ...-... -..... _, .. ,,_, .. ,,_ .. ,_ ... .. _ .. ,_ .. ,_ .. ,,,_, .. ,_ .... _ .. ,_
Prepositions 28 - 30 .. _ ,,,_,,,_, .. ,,_ .... _ .. ,_ , ·- ... -..... _ .... _ .. ,._ ,,,_ , .. -... -... -.... -...... .... _ .. _ Conjunctions I 31
.. - .. ·- ·····- .. ···-····- .. ··- .. ·- · .. ·- ·· .. ·- ··· .. - ·····- ... - .. "- ···- · .. - ····- ·· .. -· ... - ... -Interjections I 32
·-·····- .. ·- .. - - ·-···-···-····- ··- - ·- ... - ···- .. -· .. -·-Articles 33 - 35 __ ,,_ ,, .. _,, .. ,_ .. ,,,_ ,.,.,_ ,,,,_ ,, ,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,_ , .. ,,_ ,,,.,_ ,,._ ,, _ ,,,_ ,,,,_ .. ,,_ .... ,_ .... ,_ .. ,,_ ,, _ Punc tuation 36 - 37
Adults and their Young 38
Animal Sounds and Motions 39 - 40
Sounds made by Objects 41
Occupations 42 - 43 __ .. _ ,,,_ .. ,,,_ ,,,_,,,_ , ___ ,_ ,_ ,,,,_ ,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,_ ,, w _,,,_ .. _ ,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,,,_ ,
Places _ 44 - 45 1---.. - ... - ..... _ ,,,,,_ .... ,_ ,,,_ ,, ___ ,_ ,, .. _ ,,,,,_ ... ,,_ ,,,,,_ ,,,,_ ,, __ _.___,,_, .. _ ... _ .... _ ..... _ .. ,,_ .. ,,
Antonyms 46 - 49
Synonyms 50 - 51
Homop hones 52 - 53
Sim iles 54 - 55
Proverbs 56 - 59 ----·-· .... -... - ... _ ,,, _____ ,,,_ .... _ ... _ ... ,- ... -----·- ···-·· .. -... -... -....
Id ioms 60- 64
ISBN: 981 -04-1 054-9
All the words in the English Language have been divided into groups. These word groups are called the Parts of Speech.
l. Nouns name a person, place, thing, an animal or an idea.
2. Pronouns (/, me, you) are used in place of nouns.
3. Adjectives (short, slow, clever) describe a noun or pronoun.
4. Verbs (is, run, hop) express actions or state of being.
5. Adverbs (slowly, softly, quickly) tell something about a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
6. Prepositions (on, near, over) show how a noun is related to some other words in the sentence.
7. Conjunctions (and, or, because) connect words or groups of words.
8. Interjections (Wow, Oh, Yikes!) show emotions or • surprises .
9 . Articles (a, an, the).
©Teachers' Production Parts of Speech
Nouns ••••••••••••••••••
A noun is a word which names a person, thing, p lace, an animal or an idea.
Person Animal Thing ---t
Annie
M r Wong
carpenter
fireman
friend
girl
John
nurse
teacher
ant
bird
dinosaur
dog
fish
lizard
monkey
tiger
turtle
Place London
Japan
bus-stop
city
home
market
mountain
park
pond
©Teachers' Production CD
bag
bed
building
car •
COin
computer
ribbon
pencil
toy
Idea faith
fear
friendship
happiness 0
~ ~ 4 0 •
hope ~ ()
() ,, • JOY love
sadness
trouble
C? ~ 'I
J
Nouns
G.Q.mm.9..n .. Qn.g .. P..~.QP~r. .. N9~.n~.
Common nouns are the general names of people, animals, places, things or ideas. Common nouns do not start with capital letters.
Proper nouns are the special names of people, animals, places or things. Proper nouns start with capital letters.
Common Nouns
boy
car
continent
country
day
g irl
holiday
island
lake
language
month
mountain
people
place
sea
street
Common & Proper Nouns
- -
Proper Nouns
Benjamin, James
Mercedes, Toyota
Asia, Europe
Singapore, Thailand
Sunday, Tuesday
Joanna, Mary
Christmas Day, National Day
Sentosa, Bali
Lake Toba, Lake Mead
English, Malay
January, July
Mount Everest, Mount Fuji
Singaporean, American
Queenstown, Jurong
Red Sea, South China Sea
Shenton Way, Amoy Street
- - - - -
©Teachers' Production
Gender Nouns ••••••••••• ••••••••••••••• ••• •••••• •• •••••
A noun can be in one of the four genders:
Masculine gender: These are words that describe male creatures (boy, brother, rooster).
Feminine gender : These are words that describe female creatures (girl, sister, hen).
Common gender : These are words that describe either male or female creatures (child, adult, bird).
Neuter gender : These are words that describe things that are neither male nor female (apple, bed).
People
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
actor actress landlord landlady
bachelor spinster male female
boy girl man woman
boy scout girl guide master mistress
bridegroom bride monk nun
fiance fiancee salesman salesgirl
gentleman lady • madam Sir
god goddess steward stewardess "
headmaster headmistress tailor seamstress
hero heroine waiter waitress
host hostess widower widow
lad lass wizard witch
©Teachers' Production Gender Nouns
Family
Masculine
brother
daddy
father
grandpa
husband
Royalty
count
duke
emperor
heir
Animals
boar
billy-goat
buck-rabbit
buck (deer)
bull
cock
colt
dog
drone
drake
fox
©Teachers' Production
Feminine
sister
mummy
mother
grandma
wife
countess
duchess
empress
heiress
sow
nanny-goat
doe-rabbit
doe
cow
hen
filly
bitch
bee
duck .
vixen
Masculine I Feminine
nephew
papa
son
step-father
uncle
His Majesty
king
lord •
prince
gander
he-bear
leopard
lion
peacock
ram
stag
stallion
tom cat
tiger
he-wolf
I
I
• niece
mama
daughter
step-mother
aunt
Her Majesty
queen
lady •
princess
goose
she-bear 1 leopardess
lioness
peahen
ewe
hind
mare
tabby cat
tigress
she-wolf
Gender Nouns
A singular noun is used for ONE person, animal, thing, place or idea.
A plural noun is used for MORE THAN ONE person, animal, thing, place or idea.
Re ular Plural Nouns
1. By adding an 's' to the singular nouns:
Singular Plural Singular Plural apple apples hand hands
bag bags leg legs
banana bananas pencil pencils
book books school schools
cake cakes stamp stamps
cow cows street streets
girl girls table tables
2. By adding 'es' to nouns ending in 'ch, sh, s and x':
batch batches match matches
beach beaches patch patches
bench benches peach peaches
branch branches punch punches
brooch brooches sandwich sandwiches
bunch bunches stitch stitches
church churches torch torches
couch couches watch watches
Singular & Plural Nouns ©Teachers' Production
Singular
ash
brush
bush
boss
bus
class
dress
box
fox
Plural
ashes
brushes
bushes
bosses
buses
classes
dresses
boxes
foxes
Singular
dish
flash
wish
gas
glass
guess
kiss
sex
tax
3. By adding 'es' to nouns ending in 'o':
Plural
dishes
flashes
wishes
gases
glasses
guesses
kisses
sexes
taxes
------------~
buffalo buffaloes mango
cargo
echo
hero
cargoes
echoes
heroes
mosquito
potato
tomato
mangoes
mosquitoes
potatoes
tomatoes
Some nouns do not follow this rule. By adding an 's' to nouns such as musical terms, words of Spanish origin or nouns ending in 'o' (with a vowel just before the o):
banjo banjos studio studios
dynamo dynamos taco tacos
photo photos zoo zoos • •
cuckoo cuckoos piano pianos
piccolo piccolos igloo igloos
radio radios tattoo tattoos
©Teachers' Production Singular & Plural Nouns
4. By changing nouns ending in 'f' or 'fe' to 'ves':
Singular Plural Singular
calf calves shelf
elf elves thief
half halves wolf
leaf leaves knife
loaf loaves lite
scarf scarves wife
There are some exceptions:
chef chefs proof
chief chiefs puff
cliff cliffs reef
giraffe giraffes roof
handkerchief handkerchiefs sate
5. By changing nouns ending in 'y' to 'ies':
army
baby
body
c ity
enemy
laboratory
lady
library
Singular & Plural Nouns
. armies
babies
bodies
cities •
enemies
laboratories
ladies
libraries
lorry
pony
puppy
story
cry
fly
fry
sky
Plural
shelves
thieves
wolves
knives
lives •
wives
proofs
puffs
reefs
roofs
sates
lorries •
ponies •
puppies
sto ries •
cries
flies
fries
skies
©Teachers' Production
By adding an 's' if the letter before 'y ' is a vowel:
Singular Plural Singular Plural
day days donkey donkeys
way ways key keys
boy boys monkey monkeys • •
JOY JOYS storey storeys
toy toys turkey turkeys
chimney chimneys valley valleys
Irregular Plural Form ..................... ----~...,,._ ____ -1 . Some plural nouns are formed by changing the vowels:
foot feet policeman policemen
goose geese tooth teeth
man men woman wom en
2. Some plural nouns do not follow any rules :
cactus cacti louse lice
fungus fungi .
mouse mice
child children ox oxen
3. Compound nouns form their plurals by adding an 's' to the most important word in the compound:
maid -servant
man-of-war
mother-in-law
mouse-trap
passer-by
step-son
©Teachers' Production
m aid-servants
men-of-war
mothers-in-law
mouse-traps
p assers-by
step-sons
Singular & Plural Nouns
4. Compound nouns that are used as adjectives do not have an 's' added to them:
a five-day week
a seven-storey build ing
a six-year-old child
a ten-dollar note
a thirty-cent stam p
a twenty-cent coin
5. Some nouns have their singular and plural form alike:
Singular Plural Singular Plural
aircraft aircra ft fish fish I fishes
cattle cattle fru it fruit I fruits
Chinese Chinese sheep sheep
deer deer trout trout
6. Some nouns are used only in the plural form:
'
I
~------~
chopsticks mumps shorts
clothes pants slacks
drawers •
Jeans
measles
• p incers • pyjamas
• scissors
spectacles
tongs
trousers
7. Some nouns are used only in the singular form:
advice
c lothing
fun
furniture
help
Singular & Plural Nouns
information
luggage
machinery
poetry
scenery
silver
stationery
traffic
water
young
©Teachers' Production
Collective Nouns ...•.. ..... ............... •.. ...•.. .. .. ••. ... •... ,
A collective noun is a word used to group people, animals, p laces, things, or ideas.
~P_e_o_p_l_e~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~o~~'~ilv-~ r an army of soldiers #'"'"
Jl
a band of musicians I robbers
a bevy of beauties I ladies
a choir of singers
a class of pupils I students
a company of actors I actresses
a crew of sailors
a crowd of spectators
a flood of visitors
a gang of thieves I robbers I labourers
a host of angels
a panel of doctors I judges
a staff of servants I teachers
a team of players (\ ~)l
a troupe of acrobats I dancers I performers
assembly
audience
congregation
crowd
queue
spectators
©Teachers' Production
people at a hall or meeting
people at a concert, lecture or play
people in a place of worship, like a church
a large number of people together
people lining up to enter a place, to get on a bus or to buy something
people watching a game or an event
Collective Nouns - People
Animals .--
an ambush of tigers
an army of ants
a brood of chickens
a flight of swallows
a flock of birds I sheep
a gaggle of geese
a herd of buff aloes I cattle I e lephants I reindeer I zebras
a litter of kittens I puppies
a nest of rabbits I m ice I ants
a pack of wolves
a parcel of penguins
a plague of insects I locusts
a pod of whales I seals
a pride of lions
a school of whales I fish
a shoal of herring I fish
a stud of horses
a swarm of bees I flies I insects
a team of oxen
a troop of monkeys I kangaroos 0
-· ----0
--.. -
Collective Nouns - Animals
~. ~ • 0 •
©Teachers' Production
Things .--
an album of photographs I stamps
a ball of thread I string
a bale of cotton I wool
a block of flats I wood
a bouquet of f lowers
a bowl of rice I soup
a bunch of g rapes I keys
a bundle of rags I sticks
a carton of drinks I canned food
a chain of events I is lands I shops
a chest of drawers
a cluster of diamonds I stars I trees
a collection of antiques I books I p ictures I stamps
a comb of bananas
a crate of fruit I crockery
a fleet of b uses I cars I ships
a flight of aeroplanes I stairs I steps
a flood of ideas I lights I tears
a forest of trees
a heap of rubbish I ruins I stones
©Teachers' Production Collective Nouns - Things
Things .--
a kit of tools
a library of books
a list of names I words
a loaf of bread
a pack of cards I lies
a packet of sugar I sweets
a pair of socks I shoes I trousers I scissors
a piece of cake I meat I cloth
a pile of books I money I rubbish I stones
a pot of coffee I tea I honey
a puddle of water
a series of books I events I lectures I talks
a quiver of arrows
a set of books I china I furniture I tools
a shelf of books
a shower of blessings I praises
a stack of books I money I hay I sticks
a string of beads I pearls
a suit of clothes
a suite of furniture I rooms
a tray of eggs
a tuft of grass I hair
a volley of bullets I stones
a wad of bank notes
Collective Nouns - Things ©Teachers' Production
Things in Small Amounts .--
-
a beam of light
a blade of g rass
a blob of paint
a crumb of bread
a dab of colour
a dash of pepper I sauce
a dollop of jam
a drop of water I rain I tear
a grain of rice I sugar
a lock of hair
a lump of butter
an ounce of energy
a piece of paper
a pinch of salt
a puff of perfume
a ray of light
a scrap of food I paper
a shred of cloth
a sip o f water
a speck of dirt I dust
a splinter of wood
a spoonful of sugar I salt I medicine
a whiff of air I wind
a wisp of smoke
©Teachers' Production
" -• • (
a lock of hair
a sip of water
Collective Nouns - Things
Pronouns ...•.. .................... ,
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
The tables below are some examples of pronouns. Personal Pronouns Possessive Reflexive
Subject Object Pronouns Pronouns - -I •
myself me m ine
you you yours yourself ,__
he him his himself
she her hers herself
we us ours ourselves I·
they them theirs themselves
~ Personal Pronouns are used for people: They are looking tor you.
~ Possessive Pronouns are used to indicate who owns the objects or ideas: These coins are yours.
~ Reflexive Pronouns are used to refer to the personal pronouns: We did the work ourselves.
Demonstrative Pronouns tr"'·~~~ 'b this What is this? This is a ball. "·. -~\ .._,r-.... ~ \ .... '-
~I {" ,,('7 l ,, ; ~ \ '~ ( :
that What is that? That is a monkey. , ·,_s ' ----'-- - j
~
these What are these? These are mangoes.
those What a re those? Those are tadpoles .
~ This and these are used for people, things or a nimals which are near the speaker.
~ That and those are used for people, things or animals which are further away from the speaker.
Pronouns @ ©Teachers' Production
Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions . .-
What What are you holding in you r hands?
Which Which of these shirts is his?
Who
Whom
Whose
Who is in the room?
For whom are you baking the cakes?
Whose are these?
Relative Pronouns take the place of nouns. They are used to join two sentences into one.
Who
Which
That
Whose
Whom
What
Note:
I know the boy who is waiting outside our house.
My father bought a shirt which cost a hundred dollars .
This is the toy that my brother wanted.
She is the girl whose parents are teachers.
That is the neighbour with whom we shared the garden.
He has not decided what to buy for his mother.
./ Who is usually used for persons .
./ Which is used for animals and things .
./ That is used for persons , animals and things .
./ What refers to things only.
©Teachers' Production Pronouns
An adjective is a describing word . It tells you more about a noun.
G.~m~.-9.f.A~ We compare adjectives in different ways .
./ Positive form When we do not compare a noun or an object with anyone or anything, we use the positive form:
Jason is a tall boy .
./ Comparative form When we compare two persons, places, things or ideas we use the comparative form:
Chee Beng is taller than Jason .
./ Superlative form When we compare more than two persons, p laces, things or ideas we use the superlative form:
Raj is the tallest of them all.
-Positive Comparative
brave braver large larger
late later safe safer simple simpler white whiter
wide wider • • wise wiser -
Adjectives
-
Superlative
bravest largest latest
safest simplest whitest
widest wisest
©Teachers' Production
'-
Positive
black bright
clean clever cold
dark dear deep fair fast great green
hard high
kind light long
low narrow near
new
old poor proud quick rich
sharp short slow
©Teachers' Production
---Comparative
blacker brighter
cleaner cleverer colder darker dearer
deeper fairer faster greater greener
harder higher kinder lighter longer
lower narrower nearer
newer
o lder poorer prouder quicker richer
sharper shorter slower
®
--Superlative
blackest brightest
cleanest cleverest coldest darkest dearest
deepest fairest fastest greatest greenest
hardest highest kindest lightest longest
lowest narrowest nearest
newest
o ldest poorest
proudest quickest richest
sharpest shortest ,.- ~ slowest r ~ .. ~11
Adjectives
Positive Comparative Superlative '-- - - -
small smaller smallest smooth smoother smoothest
strong stronger strongest
sweet sweeter sweetest tall taller tallest thick thicker thickest
warm warmer warmest
young younger youngest
busy busier busiest dirty dirtier dirtiest dry drier driest
• easiest easy easier funny funnier funniest happy happier happiest healthy healthier healthiest heavy heavier heaviest lazy lazier laziest lucky luckier luckiest naughty naughtier naughtiest
• • • noisiest noisy no1s1er pretty prettier prettiest
tiny tinier tiniest ugly uglier ugliest wealthy wealthier wealthiest
Adjectives ©Teachers' Production
Positive
big fat
hot mad red sad
thin wet
beautiful careful comfortable
courteous difficult
• expensive honest important
interesting powerful useful
wonderful
bad good little
many/much
©Teachers' Production
'
Comparative
bigger fatter
hotter madder redder sadder thinner
wetter
more beautifu l more careful
more comfortable more courteous more difficult
• more expensive more honest more important more interesting
more powerful more useful more wonderful
worse better less
more
Superlative
biggest fattest
hottest maddest reddest saddest
thinnest wettest
most beautiful most careful most comfortable
most courteous most difficult most expensive most honest most important most interesting
most powerful most useful most wonderful
worst best least
most
Adjectives
Verbs •••••••••••••••••
A verb is a doing word. A verb tells us what a person or thing does.
Forms of Verbs
Simple Present Albert eats an egg every day. . ... . . -• - 1
Simple Past Albert ate an egg yesterday. 0 ,, r _,,.
Past Participle Albert has eaten a n egg. • I -
Table of Verbs
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle • been am, 1s was
are were been does, do did done has, have had had
become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bite bit bitten blow b lew blown break broke broken bring b rought brought build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come dig dug dug draw drew drawn
Verbs ©Teachers' Production
-
Simple Present
drink
drive eat fall
feed feel fight
find fly forget forgive get
• give
go grow hear
hide keep know leave
lose make meet pay ride
• ring • rise
run ------
©Teachers' Production
Simple Past
drank d rove
ate fell
fed felt fought
found flew forgot forgave got gave
went grew
heard
hid kept
knew left
lost made met paid rode rang
rose ran
-----
Past Participle
drunk ~~·~
driven eaten fallen
fed felt fought
found flown forgotten forgiven got
• given
gone grown
heard
hidden kept
known left lost
made met paid ridden rung
• risen run
... -
Verbs
-
Simple Present
say see
sell send
sew shake shine
shoot show
• sing sink
sit sleep
speak spend stand
steal • swim • swing
take
teach tear tell think throw wake
wear write
Verbs
Simple Past
said saw
sold sent
sewed shook shone
shot showed sang sank
sat slept
spoke spent stood
stole swam swung took taught
tore told thought threw
woke wore wrote
Past Participle
said seen
sold sent
sewn shaken shone
shot shown sung sunk
sat slept
spoken spent stood
stolen swum swung
taken taught
torn told thought
thrown waked I woken worn written
©Teachers' Production
In the following table, the Simple Past and Past Partic iple of the verbs end in 'ed' or 'ied'.
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle
add added added ask asked asked look looked looked talk talked talked wait waited waited carry carried carried copy copied copied cry cried cried hurry hurried hurried marry married married study studied studied
In the following table, the Simple Present, Simple Past and Past Participle have the same form.
cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put put read read read set set set shut shut shut
©Teachers' Production Verbs
Adverbs ••••••••••• •••••••••••••
An adverb tells us how, when or where an action takes place.
How?
When?
Where?
She sings beautifully.
The storm began suddenly.
He searched everywhere for his dog.
Comparison of Adverbs
Positive form
Comparative form
Superlative form
Table of Adverbs
Positive
early
fast
hard
near
late
long
soon
Adverbs
Hassan came late .
Harry came later than Hassan.
Ghani cam e latest.
Comparative Superlative
earlier earliest
faster fastest
harder hardest
nearer nearest
later latest
longer longest
sooner soonest
©Teachers' Production
Usually adverbs ending with 'ly' form the comparative by adding more and superlative by adding most.
Positive I Comparative Superlative
angrily more angrily most angrily bravely more bravely most bravely carefully more carefully most carefully clearly more clearly most clearly easily more easily most easily loudly more loudly most loudly neatly more neatly most neatly quickly more quickly
I •
most quickly happily more happily most happily sadly more sadly most sadly merrily more merrily most merri ly
These comparative and superlative forms of adverbs do not follow any rules.
-
Positive Comparative Superlative
badly worse worst far farther farthest late later latest I last little less least much more most well better best
There are some adverbs which have no comparison form:
almost
not
then
©Teachers' Production
everywhere
now
there
half
once
twice
here
seldom
very
Adverbs
J
A
C D G
./ Cat A and Cat B are on the table .
./ Cat F is in the drawer .
./ Cat Dis between Cat C and Cat E .
./ Cat E is beside the table .
./ Cat G is under the table.
./ Cat His behind the table .
./ Cat J jumps over the table.
B oo
H
Where?
The words on, in, between, beside, under, behind and over show the relation between the cats and the table. Such words are called prepositions .
Prepositions ©Teachers' Production
Here are some prepositions that show Position.
above Look! The plane is flying above the clouds.
against Please don't lean against the ladder.
among
around
at
behind
beneath
beside
between • In
in front of
near
on
over
under
I found a watch among the bushes.
He put up a fence around the farm .
He is waiting at the door.
Malcom is hiding behind the tree .
There is a bag beneath his chair.
His house is beside the pond.
John sits between his two sisters in the car.
She is waiting in the room .
My school is in front of a park.
Is there a post-office near your home?
The book is on the shelf.
The dog jumped over the drain.
The farmer is resting under the shelter.
©Teachers' Production Prepositions
Here are some prepositions that show Direction.
across The deer ran swiftly across the field.
along The boys were running along the beach.
down Chee Beng got down the bus in a hurry.
from
into
off
through
to
up
He walks home from school every day.
He rushed into the office without knocking.
The man fell off the bus before it could stop.
He threw a ball through the window.
Can you show m e the way to the taxi stand?
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
\11
\II/ \\II .. , \lei, "'
\1• 1 \\IJ
\ It '''
Here are some prepositions that show Time.
after I had a stomachache after eating the food .
at She was home at three o'clock.
before She arrived here before noon.
by The boys will be back by tonight.
for Polly stayed with her grandma for a week.
in She usually jogs in the morning.
on Michael did not come to school on Monday.
ti 11 I s I e pt ti 11 I u n ch time .
upon The old man lived here once upon a time.
Prepositions @ ©Teachers' Production
Conjunctions are joining words. They are also called linking words or connectors.
Here is a list of conjunctions which are commonly used:
and Sally and Cindy are sleeping.
although He did not cry although he was hurt.
as
because
but
As he was late, I went without him.
He is fat because he eats too much.
I shouted but he did not hear me.
either ... or You may drink either milk or fruit juice.
if We shal l have a picnic if it does not rain.
or Does he like coffee or tea?
since We shall forgive her since she is sorry.
so They were tired so they left early.
so that I shouted so that he could hear me.
then I brush my teeth then I comb my hair.
unless You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.
until You must wait here until your mother comes.
whenever The baby cries whenever she is hungry.
whether I'm not sure whether he is sick.
while The phone rang while I was cooking. '
a S C."'00 L
©Teachers' Production Conjunctions
An interjection is a word or a group of words that expresses strong feelings or surprise. It is usually added on to the beginning of a sentence and can be followed by a comma or an exclamation mark.
Common Interjections:
Ah Ah! This is much better.
Aha
Good grief
Hey
Hurray
My goodness
Oh
Oh no
Oops
Ouch
Ugh
Whew
Wow
Yes -
Interjections
Aha! Here they are!
Good grief! Why aren't you out of bed?
Hey, keep off the g rass!
Hurray, we are the champions!
My goodness! You ate up all the chocolates!
Oh, what a lovely day!
Oh no ! We ' II never finish our work in time!
Oops! I have dropped my ring.
Ouch! You stepped on my toes.
Ugh! There is a worm in the apple.
Whew, that was close!
Wow, look at those diamonds!
Yes ! You've got it right !
©Teachers' Production
Articles ...•.. ..... .......... ,
We use 'a ' or 'an ' for singular countable nouns.
~ We use 'a ' before a word which begins with a consonant sound.
a b oy
a c at
a dog
a fan
a goat
a hat • O JUg
a kite
a lion
a m ug
a nest • a p enguin
a queue
a rat
a song
a tap
a vase
a w atch
a xylophone
a yolk
a zebra
©Teachers' Production
a b rave hero
a c areless pupil
a d elicious ice cream
a fierce eagle
a good idea
a ho t pie
a Japanese lantern
a kind nurse
a loving fat her
a m orning walk
a new bed
a p oor kitten
a quiet mouse
a red apple
a sailing boat
a ta ll building
a v ain girl
a w eak heart
a Xerox machine
a yellow bus • a zippy car
0
0 0
,,, , ,
Articles
)lo> Although the following words begin with a vowel, they have a beginning consonant sound:
a Eurasian
a European
a ukelele
• a unicorn
a uniform
a unique thing
a university
a useful tool
a U-turn
);;- We use 'an ' before a word which begins with a vowel sound or a silent 'h' .
a
e • I
0
h u
a e I
0
h
u
x
Articles
an apple
an egg
an island
an orange
an hour
an umbrella
an angry bul l
an e a rly reply
an iced drink
an open window
an honorable judge
an ugly monster
an x-ray machine
an army
an eagle
an insect
an oven
an honest man
an uncle
•
©Teachers' Production
~ We use 'a ' or 'an ' when we refer to something for the first time.
We use 'the ' when we refer to the same thing again.
I saw a girl with an elephant. l, ...........
Late0 the girl rode on the elephant.
A boy came with a banana. r r.
Q "
He fed the banana to the elephant. II
~ We use 'the ' when there is only one such thing. We a lso use 'the ' before a superlative form of an adjective.
The sun is hot. Joshua points to the moon. This is the shortest way to the airport.
, - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, ·,
"
, ' , ' , . the equator the centre the earliest the moon the east/west the cleverest the North Pole the north/south the fattest
: the sky the right/left the best/worst l • • . ' 1 the sun the top/bottom the most/least j . , ', ,
' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
~ We use 'the ' before the names of rivers , mountains, oceans and particular places:
,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, ' , ' , ' the Atlantic Ocean the Keppel Harbour the Black Sea the Lido Cinema the Himalayas the Mandarin Hotel the Singapore River the National Library ' • •
\ ' ' , ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;
©Teachers' Production Articles
Punctuation •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••••• •
~ The capital letter is used to start a sentence: He is happy.
All proper nouns also begin with a capital letter: Monda~ Vincent/ China/ Prime Minister
When we quote something, we also use a capital letter:
She said "The dog is vefY sick. //
Titles of books, poems and newspapers are written like these:
Three l ittle Pigs/ The Straits limes
When we refer to ourselves, we use the capital 'I': My sister and I went to Sentosa last week.
~ The full-stop { . ) is used to mark the end of a sentence:
She puts fresh flowers into the vase.
~ The comma { , ) is used to separate words in a list: Mother bought eggs/ vegetables/ fish and meat.
It is also used to separate a quotation from the rest of the sentence:
My aunt said, 'Zet/s go shopping.//
When we want to show a pause in passage or sentence, we also use a comma:
While she was dfYing her clothes, her mother called.
Punctuation @ ©Teachers' Production
)lo> The question Mark ( ? ) is used a t the end of a question:
Do you want to buy this bag? $49
)lo> The apostrophe ( ' ) is used in contractions : can't/ couldn't/ hasn't won't o 'clock
It is also used to show ownership or p ossession: John's book the girls' dolls/ children's toys
)lo> The exclamation mark ( ! ) is used after interjections or words which show surprise:
Wow/ Ohl Ahal Hurray/ Help/ Ouchi
o~ 0 ~\W~rP~U~~ ~ 5P 1 \') 0 ~
0 .. 9 0
)lo> The quotation marks ( " .... " ) are used in d irect speech to enclose the words spoken by a person:
Jenny said "I would like to have a cup of tea. " "Stop that thief!" said the policeman.
©Teachers' Production Punctuation
A.g.Y,t! .. g.n9 .. t.b..~t~ .. Y..9..~.IJ.9
People
Adult
emperor, empress
father, mother
king, queen
man, woman, parent
-. .
Animals
Adult 1 Young
bear I
cub
bird nestling
butterfly caterpillar
cat kitten
chicken chick
cow calf
dog puppy
duck duckling
eagle eaglet
elephant calf
fish fry
fox cub
frog, toad tadpole
Adults and their Young
Young • • prince, princess
son, daughter • • prince, princess
baby, child
__.. ----•
-
Adult
goat
goose
horse
leopard
lion
moth
mosquito
owl • pig
sheep
swan
tiger
wolf
Young
kid
gosling
foal
cub
cub
caterpillar
wriggler
owlet
piglet
lamb
cygnet
cub
cub
©Teachers' Production
Animal Sounds and Motions ••••••••••• ••••••••••••••• ••• •••••• •• ••••• ••• ••••••••••••••• •••• •••••••••••••••••
Animals make sounds and motions unique to their kind.
Animal Sound Motion
bear growls lumbers
bee hums I buzzes flits
beetle d rones crawls
bird chirps flies
bull bellows charges
cat meows I purrs steals
cock crows struts
cow lows I moos wanders
crow caws flaps
dog barks I growls runs
donkey b rays trots
dove coos flutters
duck quacks waddles
eagle screams swoops
elephant trumpets ambles
frog croaks leaps
hen cackles I clucks struts
horse neighs gallops - -~
'J
~-.,... . 45?41..dfi\J•-..... ©Teachers' Production @ Animals Sounds and Motions
Animal Sound Motion
hyena laughs prowls
lamb bleats frisks
lark • sings soars
lion roars prowls
monkey chatters c limbs
mouse squeaks scampers
owl hoots swoops
parrot talks I screeches flutters
person talks walks • grunts I squeals trots pig • flutters pigeon coos
rabbit squeals leaps
robin chirps hops
seagul l screams glides
snake hisses glides I slithers
sparrow c hirps flits
swallow twitters dives
turkey gobbles struts
wolf howls lopes
f
Animals Sounds and Motions ©Teachers' Production
~9~.~9~ ... mgg~ ... P..Y. .. 9.P.j~ft.~.
Object Sound Object Sound aeroplane zooms hinges creak
bell peals I rings hoofs thunder
brake grinds I screeches
horn toots I hoots
bugle calls kettle sings I whistles
cane whacks leaves rustle I whisper
chain clanks I rattles paper crinkle I rustle
clock ticks I chimes raindrops patter • clinks coin - wails siren - jingle coins steam hisses -
cork pops telephone -rings
door bangs I slams thunder c laps I roars
drum beats I rolls train rumbles •
throbs I purrs engine trumpet blares I toots
explosion blasts watch ticks
feet shuffle I stamp water laps I drips I splashes
glass tinkles whip cracks I lashes
guitar strums whistle shrieks
gun booms wind howls I sighs
heart throbs I beats wood creaks
I...• --
©Teachers' Production Sounds made by Objects
architect
artist
artiste
astronaut
author
barber
bellboy
blacksmith
butcher
carpenter
chef
cobbler
curator
dentist
doctor
explorer
farmer
fishmonger
florist
fruiterer
grocer
hawker
invigilator
• ironmonger
Occupations
draws the designs of buildings
draws, paints or makes sculptures
sings, dance or acts in public
travels to space
writes books
c uts his customers' hair
works in a hotel and carries the guests' luggage
makes things out of iron
kills animals, cuts them up and sells the meat
makes things out of wood ~"""' {! -~ -
.___...._~
cooks in a restaurant
mends shoes
is in charge of a museum or art gallery
examines and treats people's teeth
treats people who are ill
makes journeys of discovery
works on a fa rm
sells fish
sells flowers
sells fruit
sells dried food , preserved food and other household products
sells food or goods in the streets or at food centres
watches over people taking examinations to prevent cheating
deals in iron and other metal goods
©Teachers' Production
journalist
lawyer
librarian • • mag1c1an
mechanic
newsagent
plumber
policeman
porter
-I
postman
principal
referee
reporter
sailor
shepherd
soldier
surgeon
tailor
teacher
undertaker
veterinarian
waiter
warden
zoologist
zoo keeper
©Teachers' Production
writes articles for newspapers or magazines
defends people in a court of law
is in charge of a library
is an entertainer who performs magic tricks
repairs motor vehicles and machines
sells newspapers
repairs pipes a nd fixtu res in buildings
maintains law and order
carries travellers' bags at airports, railway stations and hotels
delivers letters and parcels
is in charge of a school
is a judge of a game
writes about events for a newspaper, radio or television
works on a ship
looks after sheep •
serves 1n an army
performs operations in a hospital
makes c lothes
teaches pupils
manages funerals
treats sick animals
serves food and drinks in a restaurant
guards the prisons
: I
is an expert in animals and their behaviour
looks after animals in a zoo
Occupations
Places •••••••••••••••••••
• apiary
• aquarium
auditorium
• aviary
abattoir
arsenal
art gallery
bakery
barn
barracks
church • cinema
creche
den
dock
factory
garage
• gymnasium
hangar
Places
I where bees are kept
where fish and other marine animals are kept and reared or exhibited
where people go to see plays or listen to music, lectures, ...
where birds are kept
where animals are slaughtered
where weapons and explosives are made and stored
where art works are exhibited
where bread and cakes are made
a farm building where crops and food for animals are stored or for keeping animals in
where soldiers live
where Christians worsh ip
where films are shown
where young children are looked after while their parents are at work
home of the lions
where ships are built or repaired
where things a re made
where cars are kept or repaired
a special hall that has equipment for physical exercises
where aeroplanes are kept and repaired
©Teachers' Production
hospital
hotel
igloo
incinerator
jail
kennel
laundry
library
market
mint
mosque
museum
orchard
orphanage
pound
quay
restaurant • reservoir
sty
stable
theatre
vineyard
zoo
©Teachers' Production
where sick people are treated
where travellers may stay for the night
the house of an Eskimo
where rubbish is burnt
where prisoners are locked up
a house built for a dog
where clothes are washed and ironed
where books a re kept for public reading
where meat and vegetables are sold
where coins are made
where Muslims worship
where historical things of value are exhibited
where fruit trees are grown
a house for orphans
where stray animals are kept
where boats are loaded and unloaded
where people may buy food and drinks
where water is collected and stored
where pigs are kept
a house for a horse
a hall where plays are acted on stage
a piece of land p lanted with grapevines for wine production
where animals are kept and exhibited
Places
A.nt9..nYm.~ An antonym is a word that means the opposite to another word.
Description/ Action
absent present broad narrow
accept reject buy sell
add subtract cheap • expensive -
[dirty a live dead clean
all none clever stupid
answer question coarse fine
asleep awake come go • depart arrive common rare
attack defend cool warm
beautiful ugly cry laugh
bad good dangerous safe
before after dark bright -begin end dead alive
bent straight deep jshallow
better worse die live
big small divide multiply
b lack white dry wet
blunt sharp easy difficult
bold timid empty fu II
borrow lend fair dark
bright dark/dull false true
• Cl
.0 •
Antonyms ©Teachers' Production
Description/ Action famous
fat
fertile
few
find
finish
first
foolish
forget
fresh
f u II generous
• give
good
happy
hard
hide
high
hot
humble • increase • •
JO In •
JOY • •
1un1or kind
lazy
land
lead
light __ __..
©Teachers' Production
unknown
thin barren
many
lose
start
last .
wise
remember
stale
empty selfish
take
bad
sad
soft
show
low
cold
proud decrease
separate
sorrow •
senior
c ruel
hardworking
water
follow
heavy
long
lost
loud
love
most
more
neat
never
new .
noisy
obey open
pass
peace
polite
question
quick
rich
right .
rise rough
sharp
smile
sober
strong
success
sweet
talk
tall
short
found
soft
hate
least
less
untidy ,_
always
old
quiet
command close
fail
war
rude I--
answer
slow ,_
poor
wrong
fall smooth
blunt
frown
l drunk weak
I--
failure
bitter
listen
short
Antonyms
Description/ Action
teach learn
these those
thick thin
this that
tight loose
tiny huge
true false
People
actor audience
adult child
author reader
competitors spectators
doctor patient -
driver passenger
employer employee
everybody nobody
father son
friend enemy, foe
giant dwarf
guardian ward
hero coward
Antonyms
victory I defeat
white f black
wide narrow
wild ___ L tame •
Win • wise
work
host
leader
male
master •
miser
motorist
mother
parent
policeman
shopkeeper
speaker
teacher
young
I
lose
foolish
rest
guest
follower
female
servant
spendthrift
pedestrian
daughter
child
thief
customer
listener
pupil
old
©Teachers' Production
Direction
above below .
out In • depart inside outside arrive
come go left right
east west north south
entrance exit nowhere somewhere
far near over under
forward backward top bottom
front back up down
here there upper lower
Time
before after • •
morning evening
day night now then
dawn dusk often seldom -
early late present past ...__
ever never summer winter
©Teachers' Production Antonyms
~Y.'1.9.D.Ym.~.
A synonym is a word with the same meaning or nearly the same meaning as another word.
affectionate loving comprehend understand
aid help conceal hide
ally friend conclude end
ancient old constable policeman
annually yearly conversation talk
attire clothes courage bravery
assemble gather courteous polite
astonish • • sly surprise cunning
bad evil daring brave
beautiful attractive dangerous risky
begin start dear •
expensive
behaviour conduct deceive cheat
beverages drinks decrease reduce
blank empty demonstrate show
big large difficult hard
bottom I base disease sickness
bright shining eager keen
brief I short • earn gain
broad wide educate teach
cautious carefu l emperor king
cease stop enemy foe
centre middle enormous huge choose select fall drop
clever intelligent famous well-known
close near fatal deadly
coarse rough fault error
Synonyms ©Teachers' Production
feeble weak peculiar strange
fight battle profit • gain
gather collect powerful strong
gay cheerful protect guard
glance look purchase buy
habit custom quantity amount
halt stop quiet silent
help assist rank position
heroic brave rapid quick
home residence remedy cure
imitate copy remember recollect • • ask reluctant unwilling 1nqu1re
intention purpose reveal show
interior inside rich wealthy • •
unite I wander JO In roam
large huge robust strong
lean thin sadness sorrow
loyal true safe secure
mad angry/crazy slender slim •
border small little margin • most smell scent maximum
• •
least squander waste m1n1mum -
modern new stern strict
moist damp stubborn obstinate
narrate tell summit top
obey respect thief burglar
odour smell tiny small
often frequent trust believe
option choice vacant empty
©Teachers' Production Synonyms
A homophone is a word that sounds the same as another word but is different in spelling and meaning.
•
heir air foo l tu II
aloud allowed fou l fowl
ate eight four tore
bare bear grown groan -
bean been hair hare
blew blue hall haul
board bored heal heel
boy buoy hear here
brake break higher hire
buy by, bye him hymn
cent sent/scent hole whole
cheap cheep hour our
coarse course key quay •
crews cruise knew new
dear deer knight night
die dye knot not
fair tare loan lone
flea flee made maid
~ hare
(
~h . a ir
Homophones ©Teachers' Production
-
mail • main
meat
muscle
none
pail •
pain .
pair
pause
peace
principal • ring
road
root
rose
sail
sea
sew
-
male
mane
meet
mussel
nun
pale
pane
pear
paws •
piece
principle .
wring
rode
route
rows
sale
see
so, sow
'\ I
:o'-Oo 0
, \
sun
©Teachers' Production
-
0 0
sight
sole
son
soot
stair
stationary
tail
their
throne
too • vain
waist
wait
weak
won
wood
write
you
son
site
soul
sun
suit
stare
stationery
tale
there
thrown
two • vein
waste
weight
week
one
would
right
ewe
Homophones
Similes ••••••••••• •••••••••
Similes compare 2 things with similar qualities.
Animals
as agile as a monkey
as blind as a bat
as brave as a lion
as busy as an ant I bee
as crafty I cunning as a fox
as fast I swift as a deer
as fat as a pig
as fierce as a lion
as gentle as a lamb/ dove as graceful as a swan
as greedy as a pig
as hairy as a gorilla
as happy as a lark
as heavy as an elephant
as hungry as a wolf I bear
as playful as a puppy
as poor as a church mouse
as proud as a peacock
as quiet as a mouse
as slippery as an eel
as slow as a snail I tortoise
as strong as an ox
as stubborn as a mule I donkey
as timid as a mouse
as wise as an owl
Similes
:s. I• • ~~ .... ... . , .. ' ' . .. . ..
... "' .. : . '· . -. .. . '-'· , . ' .. .' I \ .
:; ... -./,. ! i '\ • d> ..... , ,rn ; ~
• . 1-'11'' • , ...._,,, I / " ......... , ·~.) ··~ ... _.,,,,,
•
©Teachers' Production
People .--
as happy as a king
as helpless as a baby
as kind as a mother
as mad as a hatter
,. .. A
0 I
,,.....,;' , ,
as strong as Hercules I Samson
as tall as a giant -as w ise as Solomon
Things
as alike as two peas
as bitter as medicine
as black as coal I soot
as brown as a berry
as clear as glass I a bell
as cold as ice
as cool as a cucumber
as countless as the stars
as dry as a bone
as easy as ABC
as fat as butter
as fit as a fiddle
as flat as a pancake
as fresh as paint I a daisy
as good as gold
as green as grass
©Teachers' Production
as hard as iron I nails I rocks
as hot as fire
as light as a feather
as loud as thunder
as old as the hills
as pale as death
as quick as lightning
as regular as the clock
as round as a ball
as sharp as a razor I needle •
as sour as vinegar
as straight as an arrow
as sweet as honey
as tough as leather
as warm as wool
as white as snow
Similes
Proverbs •••••••••••••••••••••••••
Proverbs are short well-known statements that contain advice about life in general.
action
apple
bed
beggar
bird
blood
broom
cake
cat
charity
chicken
cloud
deaf
dog
Proverbs
Actions speak louder than words.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Early to bed, early to rise. Make a man healthy and wise.
Beggars must not be choosers.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
Birds of the same feather flock together.
The early bird catches the worm.
Blood is thicker than water.
New brooms sweep c lean.
You cannot eat your cake and have it.
When the cat is away, the mice w ill play.
Charity begins at home.
Don ' t count your chickens bet o re they are hatched.
Every c loud has a silver lining.
None so deaf as those who will not hear.
Barking dogs seldom bite .
Let sleeping dogs lie. z. ,. "Z- 2
• • • • •
©Teachers' Production
eggs Don 't put all your eggs in one basket.
exchange Fair exchange is no robbery.
father Like father, like son.
fire
first
friend
fruit
haste
hay
heads
heart
honesty
hungry
invention
late
leak
leopard
loaf
©Teachers' Production
Fire is a good servant but a bad master.
There is no smoke without fire .
Out of the frying pan into the fire.
First come, first served.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Forbidden fruit tastes sweet.
More haste, less speed.
Make hay while the sun shines.
Two heads are better than one.
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
Honesty is the best policy.
A hungry man is an angry man.
Necessity is the mother of invention.
Better late than never.
A small leak will sink a great ship .
A leopard does not change its spots.
Half a loaf is better than none.
Proverbs
look
meat
mind
• miss
money
needle
news
penny • piper
pot
practice
pride
rob
rod
see
shy
silence
slow
Proverbs
Look before you leap.
One man 1 s meat is another man's poison.
Great m inds think alike .
Out of sight, out of mind.
A miss is as good as a mile .
A fool and his money are soon parted.
Look for a needle in a haystack.
No news is good news.
A penny saved is a penny gained.
He who pays the piper, calls the tune .
Let not the pot call the kettle black.
Practice makes perfect .
Pride goes before a fall.
Rob Peter to pay Paul.
Spare the rod and sp oil the child.
Seeing is believing.
Once bitten twice shy.
Silence means consent.
Speech is silver, silence is golden.
Slow and steady wins the race.
©Teachers' Production
soup
stitch
stone
straw
swallow
time
tool
trades
turn • union
vessel
wait
water
well
will
work
worth
Too many cooks spoil the soup.
A stitch in time saves nine.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
A drowning man will c lutch at a straw.
The last straw breaks a camel ' s back.
One swallow does not make a summer.
Lost time is never found .
A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
Jack of all trades, master of none.
One good turn deserves another.
Union is strength .
Empty vessels make the most noise.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We never miss the water till the well runs dry.
Still waters run deep.
All 's well that ends well.
Where there 's a will there 's a way.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
What's worth doing is worth doing well .
©Teachers' Production Proverbs
Idioms •••••••••••••••••••
An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the individua l words.
Keyword Idiom Meaning
air build castles in the air day d ream
arm receive with open arms to welcome heartily
bad
ball
beat
behind
black
book
bucket
carry
cat
chicken
Idioms
a bad egg
keep the ball rolling
beat about the bush
talk behind one 1 s back
put it in black and white
a bookworm
to kick the bucket
carry on
let the cat out of the bag
chicken-hearted
a bad person
keep things going on
talk about a thing in an indirect manner
talk about a person without him knowing
put it in writing
a great reader
to die
continue
let out the secret
timid or cowardly
©Teachers' Production
Keyword
coat
cock
colour
crocodile
dead
down
Idiom
cut your coat according to your cloth
a cock and bull story
pass with flying colours
shed crocodile tears
dead broke
ups and downs -
elephant a white elephant
eleven at the eleventh hour
eye
feet
fence
©Teachers' Production
an eye for a n eye
keep an eye on
see eye to eye
stand on one 's own feet
sit on the fence
Meaning
spend only what you can afford
an unbelievable story
do very well in a test
• • • 1ns1ncere expression of sorrow
no money
good times and bad times
a useless object which is expensive to upkeep
at the last moment
to return evil for evil
watch or supervise carefully
agree entirely
be independent
take no sides in a debate or quarre l
Idioms
Keyword Idiom
finger at one 1 s finger tips
foot
fire
good
goat
green
hand
hard ,_
hat
heels
Idioms
foot the bill
put one 1 s foot down
put your foot in your mouth
play with fire
a good-for-nothing
be a scapegoat
to have green eyes
live from hand to mouth
hard and fast rule
hard of hearing
pass the hat round
take to one 's heels
Meaning
know thoroughly
pay the bill
put a stop to something
say something without thinking
do a thing which may be dangerous
a useless person
get blamed for other people 's mistakes
to be jealous
with enough money to live from day to day only
very strict rule
quite deaf
ask for donation from people around
flee or run away
©Teachers' Production
Keyword Idiom
ice break the ice
leaf turn over a new leaf
light see the light
Meaning
to be the first to start a conversation
change one 's conduct or behaviour for the better
understand
line find the hidden
read between the lines .
lion
long
moon
• music
nose
play
point
question
the lion 's share
in the long run
once in a blue moon
face the music
pay through one 's nose
child 's play
come to the point
out of the question
rain cats and dogs
. . . • . . . . . .
©Teachers' Production
meaning
the best or largest part
over a long period of time
very seldom
take the scolding or consequences
pay too high a price
very easy to do
speak briefly and directly
not possible or not allowed
rain heavily
. . . .. Idioms
Keyword
rat
red
roses
see
seed
shave
shoulder
skin
socks
time
tongue
tooth
trumpet
water
Idioms
Idiom
smell a rat
caught red handed
a bed of roses
see red
sow the seed
a close shave
give a person a cold shoulder
save one's skin
pull up one's socks
in the nick of time
hold one's tongue
have a sweet tooth
blow one's trumpet
get into hot water
Meaning
suspect something
caught while committing a crime
a comfortable life
be very angry
p lant the idea
a narrow escape
to deliberately ignore someone
to escape from a serious danger
improve in what one is doing
just in time
not to speak
like sweet food
boast about oneself
get into trouble
©Teachers' Production
® Teachers' Production Workbooks for Primary 1 Mathematics Language Usage Reading Comprehension Vocabu lary & Cloze Passages Sounds & Listening Comprehension
Workbooks for Primary 2 Mathematics Test Papers Mathematics Process Skills Language Usage Reading Comprehension Vocabulary & Cloze Passages Sounds & Listen ing Comprehension
Workbooks for Primary 4 Mathematics Process Skills Mathematics Test Papers Reading Comprehension Vocabu lary & Cloze Passages Science Process Skills, P3 & 4
Workbooks for Primary 5 Mathematics Process Skills Science Process Skills, PS & 6
Workbooks fo r Primary 6 Mathematics Process Skills Science Process Skills, PS & 6
®
liin~~e __ Usage
l'Rt'M,\i\' J • stMUTTA ? Workbooks for Primary 3 Mathematics Test Papers Mathematics Process Skills Language Usage
READING ~' COMPREHENSION ,. ... ... ...,.
~--~~..__, Ci\ hMllHJ
Reading Comprehension Vocabulary & Cloze Passages Science Process Skills, P3 & 4
~.AR\1 111••'" Ii.fl'& f;/ Q(Jl£ p~.\l}~ .... ' ~~
Resource Books My A-Z Word Bank for Lower Primary My Word Bank for Lower Primary My Grammar Handbook for Lower Primary My Grammar Guide for Upper Primary My Collection of Words & Phrases, P3-4 My Collection of Words & Phrases, P4-S My Collection of Words & Phrases, PS-6 STELLAR Handwriting 1 I 2 I 3 Purposeful Penmansh ip 1 I 21 3 Easy Draw 1 I 21 3
Book for Parents & Teachers
,__ __ _..____...,
Jia Jiao ( Home Teaching) Bit by Bit Sustaining the Passion to Teach Tips for Success The Learn ing Teacher 1 The Learning Teacher 2
by Ms Cheong Yuen Lin by Ms Cheong Yuen Lin by Ms Cheong Yuen Lin by Dr Chech Yin Mee by Dr Chech Yin Mee
~w
My Grammar Handbook is a useful resource for early learners of the English Language. It contains the basic of grammatical rules and vocabulary word list s appropriate for Primary pupils:
* Nouns * Adults/young
* Pronouns * Sounds
* Adjectives * Occupations
* Verbs * Places
* Adverbs * Antonyms a * Prepositions * Synonyms •
* Conjunctions * Homophones
* Interjections * Similes
* Articles * Proverbs
* Punctuation * Idioms
My Grammar Handbook is an effective tool for helping pupils to extend their vocabulary and build up a firm foundation in their knowledge of grammar. It will enable them to check the spelling and the correct use of words. This will help them to become independent and confident learners.
Copyright© Teachers' Production ISBN : 978-981-04-1054-4 Reprint : January 2010 (19th Print) Website : www.teachersproduction.com Email : zenda@ pacific.net.sg Telephone : 65-902 99662 Fax : 65-6463 1373
All rights reserved. No port of this publication may be reproduced, in a ny form or by any means, without the prior permission of the publisher.