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INITIALIZING THE STRING

/*String.c string variable*/#include < stdi.! "ain$%&c!ar nt!'()+,rint- $Enter t!e string%+gets $nt!%+,rint- $T!e string entered is 0s1 nt!%+2

/*3ritr a c ,rgra t -ind t!e lengt! - t!e string using strlen$% -unctin*/

#include < stdi.! "include < string.! "vid ain$%&c!ar nae'(44+int lengt!+,rint-$Enter t!e string%+gets$nae%+lengt!5strlen$nae%+,rint-$6nNuber - c!aracters in t!e string is50d1lengt!%+2

strcat() function:when you combine two strings, you add the characters of one string to the end of 

other string. This process is called concatenation. The strcat() function joins 2 stringstogether. It takes the following form

strcat(string1,string2)

string1 string2 are character arrays. !hen the function strcat is e"ecuted string2 is

appended to string1. the string at string2 remains unchanged.

Example

strcpy(string1,”sri”);

strcpy(string2,”Bhagavan”);

Printf(“%s”,strcat(string1,string2);

#rom the abo$e program segment the $alue of string1 becomes sribhaga$an. The

string at str2 remains unchanged as bhagawan.

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strcmp function:In c you cannot directly compare the $alue of 2 strings in a condition like

if(string1%%string2)&ost libraries howe$er contain the strcmp() function, which returns a 'ero if 2 strings

are eual, or a non 'ero number if the strings are not the same. The synta" of strcmp() is gi$en below

Strcmp(string1,string2) 

*tring1 string2 may be string $ariables or string constants. *tring1, string2 may

be string $ariables or string constants some computers return a negati$e if thestring1 is alphabetically less than the second and a positi$e number if the string is

greater than the second.

Example:

strcmp(“Newyor”,”Newyor”) will return 'ero because 2 strings are eual.

strcmp(“their”,”there”) will return a + which is the numeric difference between

*-II i/ and *-II /r/.strcmp(“!he”, “the”) will return 02 which is the numeric difference between *-II

 T *-II t.

strcmpi() functionThis function is same as strcmp() which compares 2 strings but not case sensiti$e.

Example

strcmpi(“!"#”,”the”); will return 3.

strcpy() function:- does not allow you to assign the characters to a string directly as in the statementname%4obert5

Instead use the strcpy(3 function found in most compilers the synta" of the functionis illustrated below.

strcpy(string1,string2); 

*trcpy function assigns the contents of string2 to string1. string2 may be a character

array $ariable or a string constant.

strcpy(Name,”$oert”);

In the abo$e e"ample 4obert is assigned to the string called name.

strlwr () function:This function con$erts all characters in a string from uppercase to lowercase.

syntax

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str&wr(string);

For example:

str&wr(“#'$S*S”) con$erts to 6"forsys.

#or e"ample str+pr(“eforsys”) will con$ert the string to 67#84*9*.

-. #amp&e program to +se string f+nctions.-

/inc&+0e st0ioh 3

/inc&+0e stringh 3

voi0 main()

4

char s15267,s25267,s85267;

int ,&1,&2,&8;

printf(“#nter the strings”);

scanf(“%s%s”,s1,s2);

9strcmp(s1,s2);

if(:96)

4printf(“nStrings are not e<+a&n”);

strcat(s1,s2);

=

e&se

printf(“nStrings are e<+a&”);

strcpy(s8,s1);

&19str&en(s1);

&29str&en(s2);

&89str&en(s8);printf(“ns19%st &ength9%0 charactersn”,s1,&1);

printf(“ns29%st &ength9%0 charactersn”,s2,&2);

printf(“ns89%st &ength9%0 charactersn”,s8,&8);

=