writing the background, conclusion and implications sections
TRANSCRIPT
Writing the Background, Conclusion and Implications
Sections
I. IntroductionII. Background (optional)III. Arguments (Pro-A’s, Counter-A’s +
Refutations)IV. ImplicationsV. Conclusion
Review: The structure of your ARP
Optional Include a Background section if:
You need to give a lengthy (more than 2 paragraphs) extended definition of your topic and its related terms
Placement: between the TS and the arguments
Background
Conclusion
Summarize the main points of your paper: an informative précis, not an indicative one
Conclusion
Indicative vs. informative precis
INDICATIVE This paper has investigated the question of whether or not Facebook use leads to depression. It has surveyed the most recent research on the topic and presented evidence on both the affirmative and negative positions. Implications have been presented.
INFORMATIVE This paper has investigated the question of whether or not Facebook use leads to depression. A survey of the most recent research on the topic shows that [present your findings]. The implications of these findings are [present the implications].
Writing conventions
What tense is used for reporting verbs (see samples 1 & 2)?
How long is should the conclusion be? (See sample 2 as your guide f0r this.)
What linguistic signals (phrases/words) tell the reader that the writer is about to end?
Review the following:
Pronoun P.O.V. = our convention: third person
On Sample 2: Adjustments
Writing the Implications Section
Look for: Linguistic signals for presenting
implications Needed content
the “logical consequences” of a particular statement; something that is true as a result of another true assertion
Drawing the implications also means explaining the value or significance of a statement, usually in connection to society, or certain sectors of it
Definition
the “logical consequences” of a particular statement; something that is true as a result of another true assertion.
the “logical consequences” of YOUR RESEARCH; something that is true as a result of WHAT YOU HAVE PROVEN TO BE TRUE.
In other words:
Which sectors are affected (implicated sectors) by the statement?
How are they affected: What will happen to them? OR What should they do?
Recall: Think-aloud script
Suppose the following are your MAJOR (not incidental or minor) findings. Draw possible implications.
Practice
1. Facebook use, according to research, leads to depression among teenagers. This is because of their tendency to compare themselves with others. Implicated sector: Action or consequence:
Music therapy, though marginalized in the field of mainstream therapeutic techniques, has been proven effective.
Implicated sector: Action or consequence:
Research implications – areas on which research has not yet been done
Pedagogical implications – consequences or actions to take in relation to teaching and education
Policy implications – laws that should be enacted as a result of your findings
General areas for implications
In terms of possible areas for future research, more studies should be conducted on the interpersonal function (or meaning) of language. Specific topics include manifestations of this meaning in written texts, such as evaluation, stance, commitment, detachment, and attitude to the speaker’s proposition and to readers, and how these are realized linguistically.
What do the underlined show?
Research Implications
What questions should you ask yourself in order to draw out ideas similar to the ones in the sample?
WRONG: Other researchers should write a paper on this topic using more sources, as this paper includes only ten.
Research implications: Questions to answer
Lastly, corollary to the first implication, teaching interpersonal meaning and how it is coded linguistically in written texts may inform our teaching. Not only should we focus on coherence, cohesion, and organization. . .we should also pay attention to interpersonal, attitudinal or orientational meanings. . . .
What do the underlined show?
Pedagogical Implications
What questions should you ask yourself in order to draw out ideas similar to the sample?
Pedagogical implications: Questions to answer
There is an urgent need for decentralized and differentiated policies and procedures simply because what works for one will not work for another. On the question of language instruction, for example, the bilingual policy must be adopted using a differentiated scheme. . . .
Policy Implications
There is an urgent need for decentralized and differentiated policies and procedures simply because what works for one will not work for another. On the question of language instruction, for example, the bilingual policy must be adopted using a differentiated scheme. . . .
What do the underlined show?
Policy Implications
What questions should you ask yourself in order to draw out ideas similar to the sample?
Pedagogical implications: Questions to answer
REQUIRED: Implications related to two areas
Some useful phrases: This research/ The findings has
implications for ______ This research/ The findings suggests
________ This research/ The findings points to the
need for X
Guide for the implications
The significance of research
Fuels research (knowledge =
more knowledge)
Informs policy(knowledge =
good laws)
Stimulates education(knowledge = good
teaching)
Intro Body (half) Body remaining half Implications Conclusion
Progress check