writing lesson plans [1]
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WRITING LESSON PLANSWRITING LESSON PLANSFOR BUSINESS FOR BUSINESS
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:Paulann DunkleyPaulann Dunkley
September 2011September 2011
ObjectivesObjectives• At the end of the module, participants should be
able to:– Define what is an instructional objective– Differentiate between a general and specific
objective– Construct general objectives– Construct specific objectives – Prepare lesson plan using given template– Select appropriate verb when constructing
objectives
Writing Instructional ObjectivesWriting Instructional Objectives
Definition –
An instructional objective is an intent communicated by a
statement which describes a proposed change in your
students’ behaviour.
Writing Instructional ObjectivesWriting Instructional Objectives
• Measurement is an integral part of education
• Meaningful assessment is inconceivable with out aims and objectives with which to measure achievements against.
Writing Instructional ObjectivesWriting Instructional Objectives
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
AIMS
GOAL
GOALS & AIMSGOALS & AIMS
• Goals–Long-term aim one works towards
• Aims –Something one works towards but is
nearer to the present than a goal. –Short-term goal
General ObjectivesGeneral Objectives
• General Objectives–Nearer to present than goal or aim–An expression of learning outcomes to be
attained after a sequence of teaching–Recognizable by words which are too
vague to be measured directly–Examples: know, understand, appreciate,
etc
Group ActivityGroup Activity• In assigned groups, write a general
objective for the following:–Customer Service
• Managing Challenging Customers
–Accounting• Petty Cash
–Human Resource Management• Interviewing Techniques
Flipchart Activity
Specific ObjectivesSpecific Objectives
• Specific Objectives:–Refer to the specific behaviours which
taken together, add up to the general objective.
–Recognized by directly measurable terms
–Examples: define, demonstrate, solve, list etc
Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives
• It is a statement of what your students will be able to do or how they will behave after they have successfully completed the learning experiences.
Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives
• It is a description of a pattern of behaviour (performance) which your students will demonstrate.
Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives
• When you write instructional objectives they must denote attributes which are both measurable and observable.
• Your tests and examinations must serve to measure your students’ performance in terms of the stated instructional objectives!
Instructional ObjectivesInstructional Objectives
• Provide the means for your students to evaluate their progress along the route of instruction
• Organise students efforts into relevant activities which will guide them to achieve the desired objectives
Characteristics of Instructional Characteristics of Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
Objectives should be stated in terms of your students’ behaviour and not in terms of learning activities or your purpose
• Objectives should begin with an active verb which indicates the behaviour which your students should demonstrate at the end of the period of instruction
Characteristics of Instructional Characteristics of Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
• Objectives should be stated– in terms of observable changes in your
students’ behaviour
– precisely by using terms which have uniform meaning to everyone.
Characteristics of Instructional Characteristics of Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
• Objectives should be unitary– each statement must relate to one
process only.
• Objectives should be stated at an appropriate level of generality.
Characteristics of Instructional Characteristics of Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
• Objectives should:– represent intended direct outcomes of a
planned series of learning experiences
– be realistic in terms of the time available for teaching and the characteristics of your students.
Criteria for writing Instructional Criteria for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
• Performance.
• Condition(s).
• Standard(s).
Techniques for writing Instructional Techniques for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
Performance• First, state the terminal behaviour by
name–specify the exact behaviour which you
will accept as evidence that your students have achieved the objective(s) of the lesson.
• Also called behavioural objectives• Focus & direct learning• Are expressed in terms of what students
will do at end of learning process
Techniques for writing Instructional Techniques for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
• It communicates to student the precise performance expected
• Directs teacher’s efforts in planning learning experiences to enable student to meet the objective
• They may be exit objectives– Met at end of unit, course, programme
• They may be enabling objectives– Critical to success on the exit performance
objective
Techniques for writing Instructional Techniques for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
Condition(s)Secondly, state the desired behaviour further by
describing the conditions under which you expect the behaviour to occur
–What will you allow your students to use?
–Will they work individually or in groups?
Techniques for writing Instructional Techniques for writing Instructional ObjectivesObjectives
Standard(s) • Third, specify the criteria of acceptable
performance by describing how well your students must perform in order for you to evaluate that the performance is acceptable.
Group ActivityGroup Activity• In assigned groups develop at least
three (3) instructional objectives for the following: –Customer Service
• Managing Challenging Customers
–Accounting• Petty Cash
–Human Resource Management• Interviewing Techniques
Flipchart Activity