Heimildaskrá

Why is Shakespeare important-Shakespeare Online. 23.10.14.http://www.shakespeare-

online.com/biography/whystudyshakespeare.html

Shakespeare popular for 400 years-About Education 23.10.14.

http://shakespeare.about.com/od/shakespearebasics/tp/popular.htm

20 Literary Facts To Impress Your Friends With-Buzzfeed. 23.10.14.

http://www.buzzfeed.com/erinlarosa/20-literary-facts-to-impress-your-friends-with

135 phrases coined by William Shakespeare-The Phrase Finder http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/phrases-

sayings-shakespeare.html

Leo Tolstoy-Biography. 24.10.14.http://www.biography.com/people/leo-tolstoy-9508518

Leo Telstoy-Britannica. 24.10.14.http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598700/Leo-Tolstoy/13422/First-

publications

The Brothers Grimm- Britannica. 25.10.14. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/246228/Brothers-

Grimm/2875/The-Gottingen-years#toc2876

[ Mark, Joshua J.] [ 20 January 2012] ,, Hatti ‘‘ ancient.eu http://www.ancient.eu/hatti/ (Sought 26.10. 2014)

[No author] [No year] ,,Hattusa‘‘ancient-wisdom.co.uk http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/turkeyhattusa.htm

(Sought 24.10.2014)

[Silver, Carly] [Án árs] ,, From Priestess to Princess‘‘archive.archaeology.org

http://archive.archaeology.org/online/features/iron_ladies/Copy%20of%20puduhepa.html (Sought 24.10.2014)

[No author] [No year] ,, The Hittites, their forerunner and their followers’’ hattucha.de

http://www.hattuscha.de/English/cityhistory2.htm (Sought 24.10.2014)

[No author] [No year] ,,The peace treaty between Ramses II and Hattusili III‘‘ reshafim.org.il

http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/ramses-hattusili-treaty.htm (Sought 26.10.2014)

[Hrozny, Friedrich] [Án árs] ,, Bedřich Hrozný‘‘ britannica.com

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/273672/Bedrich-Hrozny (Sought 30.10.2014)

Jazz inside magazine (no year) http://www.allaboutjazz.com/jazz-slang-by-aaj-staff.php?width=102

(sought 29.10.2014)

The documentary Oscar Peterson Documentary Music in the Key DVD full version. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqIaZYRZxhE (sought summer 2013) Oscar‘s Peterson original webside (no year) http://www.oscarpeterson.com/bio/ (sought 24.10.2014 Biography.com (no year) http://www.biography.com/people/ella-fitzgerald-9296210#synopsis (sought 25.10.2014) Wikipedia page about Ray (no year) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles (sought 25.10.2014) All about jazz. (no author) (March 4, 2004) http://www.allaboutjazz.com/jazz-slang-by-aaj-staff.php?width=1366#.VFgh1_msWSo (sought 25.10.2014

Writing History and Music

Exploring open source software opportunities.

Writing History is a magazine dedicated to history, archaeology and literature. These three subjects are closely related. Archaeology is about searching for historic remains and studying of them. Literature is the study of the written word and through those two subjects; we build a foundation for the studying of history. Jazz music is also a giant part of the history. When United States where building up their country they had a lot of slaves from Africa. Jazz have roots from the African-American slaves.

I S S U E

3 1 / 1 0 M O N T H 2 0 1 4 Y E A R

01

f

Leo Tolstoy

Literature

The term literature is defined as

written work, whether it is a pamphlet

(promotional literature), writings

published on a particular subject,

poetry or a work of fiction. Some

definitions even include spoken or

sung texts. The word comes from the

Latin “literatura/litteratura“ which

means “writing formed with letters”.

There are several different

careers to be found within the field

literature. There are writers (whether it

are novelist, poets, play writers, or

writers of educational books),

teachers, critics, analysts, scholars,

publishers and translators. Works of

literature can be categorized by

different means, such as their place of

origin, the time period it was written

in, the author, it´s material and the

genre it belongs to. My favorite type

of literature are the fantasy novels.

They are novels where supernatural or

fantastic themes are one of the main

elements. Some famous fantasy novels

include George R.R. Martin´s A Song

of Ice and Fire series, J.R.R. Tolkien´s

Lord of the Rings trilogy and Rick

Riordan´s Percy Jackson series. What

I love about them is how imaginative

they can be. They take you away into

another world, like any good novel

should, and they aren´t limited by the

laws of reality, while still (at least in

the cases of the best) dealing with

human nature and emotions.

The reason I love literature is it´s diversity, it´s

distraction, endless possibilities, and it´s

educational value. We can entertain ourselves

by reading. We can learn a lot from written

works about different subjects and whether it is

a novel or a book on a certain discipline, then

there is no limit for what can be written.

Leo Tolstoy

Leo Tolstoy is one of

the big names in

literature and is by

many considered the

greatest novelist of

them all. He wrote

several novels,

including Anna

Karenina, and War

and Peace, two among

some of the world´s

most famous and

successful novels: He

wrote the novella The

Death of Ivan Ilyich as

well, which is usually

said to be one of the

finest novella´s. The

British poet Matthew

Arnold once said that

a novel by Tolstoy

isn't a work of art, but

a piece of life. Tolstoy

is known for having a

close eye for details;

he would write about

the slightest change of

consciousness or

movement of the body

and break things down

into single moments.

His characters are

well-rounded and

human, changing over

time, in a way that

would be natural for a

human being to

change as it grew

older. It is possibly

because of these

qualities that his

novels have remained

as widely read and

successful as they

have, and why many

believe Tolstoy to be

the best novelist yet.

The Brothers Grimm

Once upon a time there were two

brothers. They were called the

Brothers Grimm. Their names were

Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm and

Wilhelm Carl Grimm. The Brothers

Grimm were German folklorists and

linguists, known for their collections

of folktales and folk songs. While

the brothers often worked together,

Jacob Grimm himself wrote about

philological and grammatical

matters and discovered the so-

called Grimm law. He also

published a book called Deutsche

Mythologie where he wrote about

pre-Christian faith and superstitions

in Germany, using poetry, fairy

tales, and folklore. Many authors in

Europe succeeded him in writing

about similar matters, but not all

were as careful in their judgments

as Jacob Grimm. It is still being

published today because of how

important it is considered. The

Grimm’s most famous work is

Kinder- und Hausmärchen or

Grimm’s Fairy Tales like they are

called in English. It is the first

scientific collection of fairy tales and

the ones selected in

Grimm´s Fairy Tales have become

some of the world´s best-known

stories, and have been tranlated in

about 70 languages and adapted

into many types of arts throughout

the years. It also resulted in the

creation of the science of folklore.

character from Hamlet. Shakespeare

manages to capture the wide range and

the complexity of the human emotions. This make his work relevant

all around the world, even today.

Another reason is how descriptive his dialogues are. They paint pictures,

create atmospheres and capture the

human nature. Yet another reason for Shakespeare´s

fame is the influence his work had on

the spoken language. He coined over a hundred phrases and popularized

other per-existing ones. For example “my kingdom for a horse”, “as dead as

a doornail”, “as good luck would have

it” and “foregone conclusion” come

from his plays. Many of these phrases are still used in everyday

language today.

William

Shakespeare

William Shakespeare

is one of the most

famous, the not the most famous, play

writer and poet of all

time in the western world. His work is

still being performed,

even now, centuries later.

It is even

commonly

taught at

schools and

some his most

famous plays

are among the

most well-

known works

of literature in

history. Who

has not heard

of Romeo and

Juliet,

Hamlet,

Othello or

Macbeth, or is

not familiar

with Yorick´s

centuries later. It is even commonly taught at schools and some his most

famous plays are among the most

well-known works of literature in history. Who has not heard of Romeo

and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello or

Macbeth, or is not familiar with

Yorick´s skull?

Shakespeare was an English dramatist

and a poet, born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564. He died in 1616. But

how is it that a man from 16th

century

England, became such a renowned

figure, and why is what he wrote still so immensely important to the literary

world?

One of the things that me make his work so popular, is the complexity

and the compelling nature of his

characters. They are not simple and one-dimensional, but instead, nuanced

and complicated, even possessing

contradicting characteristics. A good example of that is the titular character

from Hamlet. Shakespeare

manages to capture the

wide range and the

complexity of the human

Shakespeare´s first published play was Henry VI part 2

Anna Karenina was originally published in serialized form

Arthur Conan Doyle killed his character Sherlock Holmes off in the short story

The Final Problem to devote more time to other works, but eight years later, after a

lot of pressure from the public, he started writing Holmes books again. First he

wrote The Hound of Baskerville, which takes place before Holme´s death, and

then, about two years later, wrote The Adventure of the Empty House where

Sherlock is revealed to have survived. This lead to Doyle writing another set of

stories about the famous detective

Doyle´s Holmes never said the word “elementary” in his stories.

There are rumors going around about whether Shakespeare wrote all of his plays

himself

The monster in the novel Frankenstein is not called Frankenstein. That is the man

who created it. The monster itself is never given a name, but Mary Shelley, the

author, once called it Adam.

Before Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein, her mother Mary

Jane Austen´s Pride and Prejudice was originally called First Impressions

Literary terms:

In literature you have

many specialized terms.

Some are of them are

words only used in

literature, while others

are used elsewhere, but

with different or broader

meaning. I have listed

here some interesting

word used in literature.

The words might have

other meanings, but here

I only describe their

meanings in a literary

context:

1. Archetype: A typical example of something. A prototype after

which other examples are modeled.

2. Pastoral: An adjective describing a work of literature (or other arts)

that idealizes the rural life.

3. Allegory: A story where the characters represent an idea.

4. Omniscient: An adjective used to describe a narrative where you can

see into the head of different characters, not just one.

5. Caricature: An exaggerated imitation of someone.

6. Analects: A collection of short stories.

7. Anachronism: When some element in a literary work don´t fit the

supposed location or time period the work is taking place.

8. Pathos: An element in literary representation evoking pity or

sympathy for someone.

9. Epistolary: A literary work in the form of letters.

10. Soliloquy: A monologue or a comment delivered by a character

speaking to themselves.

Did you know…

Leo Tolstoy

The Hittites Empire

This is Hattusili III he

was the king of The

Hittites Empire for 30

years and was married to

Puduheba. He was known

to be a very good and

reasonable king. He was

a commander of the

Hittite forces and was the

comender during the

famous Battle of

Kadesh against Egypt

in 1274 BC. He signed a

peach contract with the

pharaoh Ramsess. First

ever Peace contract.

This Colom is a little bit about the Hittites

Empire, here we can learn a little about their

history. The stories of historical artefacts are

important to know when searching or digging

for them. Being an Archaeologist you can do a

lot of things regarding this historical place. You

have many places that you can excavate and

analyse many things. I like places that have a

lot of history behind them and seeing what is

left behind of many centuries ago.

Excavation – an

act of digging

Discipline -

training to act in

accordance with

rules

Statistics - the

science that deals

with the

collection,

classification,

analysis and more

Antiquary - an

expert on or

student of

antiquities

Linguistics - the

science of

language,

phonology, and

historical

linguistics and

more

The Hittites Empire

The Lion gates at the

royal palace in

Hattusha

Stone carving of the

Royal army

This is Puduheba . She

was married to Hattusili

III and was a Queen. Her

father was a head priest

and she was a priestess of

the goddess Ishtar

(goddess of

fertility, love, war,

and sex). Pudaheba is one

of the Iron Lady’s. She

often ruled instead of her

Husband when he was ill,

and he was often ill.

Pudaheba seemed to have

been in charge of affair

within the royal

establishment. She was a

very big part of the royal

family. When the peace

contract was made, she

had a big compacted on

that. She knew Ramsess

quite well and had a good

relationship. Ramsess

contacketed Puduheba

and not Hattusili when

the peace contract was to

be made.

This is Bedřich Hrozný.

He is from the Czech

Republic and he is an

archaeologist and

linguist. In 1905 he

became a Professor at the

University of Vienna. He

translated the ancient

Hittite text. He

discovered that Hittite

belonged in Indo-

European family of

languages. He translated

many texts including a a

Hittite legal code. In

1925 he and others with

him recovered 1,000 Old

Assyrian tablets,

excavated the fallen city

of Kanesh and letters of

Assyrian merchants.

The Hittites Empire was an

empire in 1600 before Christ to

1178 before Christ and was on the

Browns age. Their land was in

current time was mostly in

Turkey, also Syria and Lebanon,

as you can see their land on this

map. The Hittites Empire is

mention often in the bible as a

very powerful Empire. Their

Capital was Hattusa. There were

Anatolians. Before the Hatties

there where the Hattians. The

Hattians where absorbed to the

Hattites Empire. The Hattites

Empire was Indo-European.

The Empire was controlled by

royalty that we will get to

learn more about soon. We

will be talking about the

Capital Hattusha.

We will be talking about the

Capital Hattusha. It is one of

the biggest remains of the fallen

Empire. The ruins of the Royals

gate still stands. For a long time

while the Hittites Empire ruled

it was the capital but it often

changed. But Hattusha was not

only the political centre of the

Hittite state, but the religious

centre of Hittites. The Hittites

Empire was in war with Egypt

for quite some time, on of the

famous battles are Battle of

Khadesh on the Orontes, that

battle ended in a draw. The

Battle of Kadesh in Syria there

was a peace treaty made that

lasted the whole time that The

Hittites Empire lasted. The

peace treaty was made between

King Muwattalli II and

Pharaoh Ramses II. There are

texts from the Egyptians and

the Hittites about the peace

treaty event both of them think

that they are greater but both

of the texts have the same

conclusion. It is known as the

first peace treaty in History.

Hattusha is no more, it was

burned down, but not by war. .

People started moving away

from the great city for a better

life. Before the city was

burned down all residents

were evacuated. Thus it was

no more. A few decades after

the fall of Hattusha, Hittite

Empire collapsed and

disappeared.

Did you know ?

That the Hittite Rock Sanctuary of Yazılıkaya literal meaning is

Rock with writing.

That the Turkish word for Hattusa is Bogazkoy.

In the religion the Hittite people believed there were more than 40

gods

Jazz

Oscar Peterson was born August 15 , 1925 in Canada. He had a major impact on jazz

music. But how could some person that grew up in a poor family become so successful? He never

had any piano lessions. At his teenage years, he often snucked into the bars in the neighborhood

unauthorized where jazz music was played. At the bar was an old honky tonk. He sat there for

hours and payed that honky tonk. He even skipped the school just to play that honky tonk. The

bartender was a bass player, and he thought he was a good pianist and they made a good

friendship. They were starting to play together with a drummer few months later and they made a

fantastic trio.

With the trio, he gained fame and popularity throughout Canada. His concerts were

broadcasted live on the radio in Canada. A famous agent heard one of these broadcasts and he

offered Peterson to be a surprise guest and play with Granz All star Jazz at the Philharmonic at

Carnegie Hall the same year which shot him to the top.

In 1950, Oscar Peterson was voited jazz pianist of the year, what‘s more, he received this

award 12 years in row after that. At his career, he also won 8 Grammy Awards.

In the early 60‘s, Oscar Peterson was really busy touring around the world with his trio. Even

though he was busy turing, he founded a jazz school in Toronto called the Advanced School of

Contemporary Music. Students from all over the world went to the school.

In 1993, Oscar Peterson got serious stroke in his left arm which debilitated his left hand. To

proof how strong character Oscar Peterson was, he determined to continue performing, recording

and composing. About a year later he revocered and he continued to perform his masterpeaces for

the world.

Music was not the only thing that matters in his life. His hobbies included fishing,

photography and astronomy. He said music was not only his profession, but also his hobby. He had

his own home made recording studio which allowed him to work and enjoy his family life at the

same time. He performed music until shortly before his death. Oscar Peterson passed away at his

home December 23, 2007. Memory of this legend will live forever.

Oscar Peterson: the greatest jazz

pianist of all time

How the human voice is one of the instruments in a jazz band.

Ella Fitzgerald was one of

the most famous name in

the music industry in the

20th century. She grew

up as a trouble child and

turned out to become a

one of the best jazz singer

in the world for 50 years.

She was the first female

african american in

history to win a Grammy

Award.

There are several

reasons why Ella

Fitzgerald is probably the

best singer of all time in

mankind history. Today‘s

pop singers don‘t have

their toes where Ella

Fitzgerald had her heels.

If you listen to modern

popular music, everyone

can be singers because of

the technology today,

only thing you have to

have is pretty face and

hair to sell records. In

jazz music are singer‘s

voice in a jazz band just

another instrument.

Unlike today‘s popular

music. A jazz singer have

to improve, do variations

on melodies and have

same command on their

instrument just like

drummer have to have

command on the drums

and so on.

That‘s the reason

The king of cool, the blind genious, the soul jazz legend.

Ray Charles Robinson was

born September 30, 1930. He

grew up in a poor black

community in western

Florida.

What made Ray

Charles really special

musician was that he started

to lose sight at age of four,

and he got completely blind

at the age of seven. Ray

Charles went to school for

blind and deff people but got

expelled the same year that

his mother died for do a

prank on the teacher.

After he left the school,

he moved to his mother‘s

friends in Jacksonville. He

played the piano with bands

there for a year earned 4$

each night.

He was allways trying

to earn reputation as a

talented musician in

Jacksonville but nothing

happend so he decided to

move to a bigger place fo

more opportunities and

bigger opportunities he got.

Ray Charles’s biggest

influence on jazz music is

deffinitly his version of the

song Georgia on my mind

which is popular song today

even though it was recorded

in the 50’s.

As well as being a jazz

musician, Ray is one of the

best Rhythm & Blues

musician of all time. His

music have had more

inspiration on modern music

then any other musician from

his generation. Musicians

like Kanye West and Will I

Am have turned a lot of his

music to a modern style. Ray Charles passed

away June 10th 2004, 73

years old. This great legend

is still alive in heart of many

people around the world in

his music.

Jazz is often called "The classic of American music.“ Jazz music is one of the oldest and

most adored genres which comes from North America. The history of modern jazz can

be traced back to the early 20th century in USA. Jazz have been part of African

American culture for more than 100 years.

The job opportunities for jazz musicians today aren‘t as good as they were early

in the 20th century. Jazz musicians today are often employed in fancy restaurants for

dinner music.

There are several reasons why I have passion for jazz music. In the first place,

I‘m a pianist and I‘ve written jazz music for years. When I was 8 years old, I started to

play the piano and I‘ve been playing since then. When I grew older I realized how

beautiful jazz were and I began to compose some jazz. Secondly, the history of jazz

fascinates me. Finally, I really like the diversity in jazz, you can take any song and

improvise it in so many ways.

Why isn‘t everybody listening to jazz if it is so good? It is because jazz is art. The

music that everybody listen to is entertainment. For example, "The expendables" is

Fun facts you may not know

The word „jazz“ have no mention and dosen‘t have any meaning or origin

The saxophone is one of the most distinct jazz instrument, but it just found place in the

genre in the 20‘s

Louis Armstrong didn‘t switch to playing trumpet until 1926

The modern drum set was invented by jazz usicans

The words „cool“ and „hip“ where originally jazz terms

Louis Armstrong recorded 60 of the most influential jazz records in history, all in the span

of three years

Duke Ellington was an amateur baseball player