writing effective literature review in social science
TRANSCRIPT
Research Fellowship Conclusions Fellowship Summary
research talk 101[Writing Effective Literature Review in Social Science]
JAIN Universityprofessor of strategic HRM,
head- research in management, brand ambassador, Asian HR Board, India
[email protected]/in/mmbagali
mm bagali, phd
CMS Business School / Bangalore
Observation for 10 years
Preparation 2 years in advance
1995 First PhD
2008 Second PhD
Guided 6
Guiding 11
Managing around 90
Co-Guide 15
CMS Business School / Bangalore
Idea
Idea
Idea
Reviewing
Personal research map….
My experience with scholars !!!
No TimeDint know what to doJust took a topic / subjectLater will see
Went to library. But……Dint find the journal
and et al……
Motivation: Why should I do research?
Motivation: Why should I do research?• Internal drive
o Research interest (sense of achievement / fulfillment, curiosity)o Strong ambition (self-expectation)o Rejuvenated
• External driveo Degree and diplomao Parents, teachers, friendso Peer pressure (sense of honor and responsibility)o Small success
o I have PhD…. Security
Mindset of researcher..
Discover….. Create…..Explore
Knowledge creation
New direction
New approach
Others start thinking
Challenges !!!
• How do I start• Where Do I start from
• What do I do ….• Why I should with this stuff?
3 category of Writing !!!
Craft a Researchable Story/ picture that capturesBOTH ….. HEART and MIND
What general area or topic do you want to focus on? Why?
What specific review question will you address?
Is it specific enough?
Where is this question from?
Why is it important or interesting?
Who is the review for? Practitioners? Researchers? Both?
What type of literature review do you want to do?
What do we already know about the topic?
What do you have to say critically about what is already known?
Has anyone else ever done anything exactly the same as what is proposed?
Has anyone else done anything that is related?
Where does your work fi t in with what has gone before?
Why is your research worth doing in the light of what has already been done?
Journals??.... Impact, Citations, References,
Frequency with which the Journal Article is/ are cited in other Peer reviewed JlBased on Six- Seven year periodThe composition of Editorial Board
Indicates the importance of that jl to Research world/ researchersCategorizing the jl under quality areas
Limitations …New and OldAvailability and Non availabilityConcept papers not cited much
JAIN University
What's in it to for me !!!
GAP
Critical viewsDirectionInterpretationsFrameworkThemes
Key Words
Focus…..What are the key theories, concepts and ideas?
What are the main questions and problems that have been addressed to date?
What are the major issues and debates about the topic?
How has knowledge in the topic been structured and organized? How have approaches to these questions
increased our understanding and knowledge?
What are the origins and definitions of the topic?
What are the key sources?
What's your direction !!!
Critical Evaluation…… 3D- Length / Breath / Depth
Leads to …..
Theory BuildingTheoretical FramingFoundationFrameworkDesign….. Add/ Don’t add/ Cant add…..
Be clear about the scope/boundaries of the review
Formulate clear review questions
Make extensive efforts to find ALL the relevant literature
CIMO - context, intervention, mechanism, outcome
What general area or topic do you want to focus on? Why?
What specific review question will you address? Is it specific enough?
Where is this question from? Why is it important or interesting?
Who is the review for? Practitioners? Researchers? Both?
What type of literature review do you want to do?
Create a database
Key words
Library sources
Range of Data base
Range of Sources
Periodicals
Trends over the years
Most Sort after Journals….The Best
AOM….. Academy of ManagementAOM….. Academy of Management reviewAdministrative Science QuarterlyStrategic Management JournalJl of International Business StudiesOrganizational Science
JAIN University
Key journalsindia
VikalpaManagement reviewManagerMLSEPWTISS
JAIN UniversityJAIN University
JAIN UniversityJAIN University
Your narrative flow• Here is a problem
• It’s an interesting problem
• It’s an unsolved problem
• Here is my idea• My idea works (details, data)
• Here’s how my idea compares to other people’s approaches
• Howwwww ????
Your narrative flow
Here’s how my idea compares to other people’s approaches
Step 1….Failure to place the study in the broader context
Step 2 …. Old or out-dated
Step 3….. Literature not relevant to the study
Step 4 …. Too short or too long study
Step 5 …. The literature argues against itself
Sources…..
Conference papers
Books / Theses, dissertations and research in progress
Working papers or unpublished papers
Documents on the internet / Government publications, official statistics
Personal requests to knowledgeable researchers and/or practitioners
Reports from relevant institutions: companies, public bodiesJournals
Theses
Government publications and official statistics
Reference works, general guides to the literature and guides to the literature in particular subject areas (compendium catalogues)
Web sites
Plagiarism
Copyright
Censored material
tell how this research work make
LIFE BETTER
19
The Key Ingredients of Research: Contribution
• One major contribution is better than many small ones
• Which journal
• The years to refer
• What is the contribution type?o Knowledge discovery, invention,
integration, application• Identify, describe, and demonstrate the big idea
• Asking the right problem, then asking the problem right
The skeleton
• What was the research question?• What theoretical approach underpins each paper?• What methodology was adopted for the collection of data?• How were the data analyzed?• What was the nature and the size of the sample?• What were the key findings?• How many times has the article been cited?
Use simple language
FREE OF JARGONS
some observation
Clear sentence / clarityStraight to pointRepetitionsLogic flowComplex languageDense sentenceToo many jargonHanging at a pointConnectivity / thread
How to Get Published in Internationally Refereed Business Journals
How to Get Published in Internationally Refereed Business Journals
Formulating a Publication Strategy
Understanding the Publication Process
Structuring a Research Article/ Paper Significance on Abstract and Introduction section Adequate Literature Search
Choice of an Appropriate Methodology
Presenting results
Reference presentation and style of presenting
The Right form of Tables, graphs, Figure, Diagrams
The Length and Style of Presenting (formatting the paper)
Innovative content
New research questions
Looking at an old problem in new way
The hotness of the topic
Should have practical value
Avoid too technical terms
Novel approach / novel answers
Break through contribution
New set of variables, not considered in earlier study
How it helps manage the problem differently
Introduce a novel perspective to an existing problem
Journals??.... Impact, Citations, References,
Frequency with which the Journal Article is/ are cited in other Peer reviewed JlCited after your paper publication (within 2 years)Based on Three year periodThe composition of Editorial BoardPeriodicity
Indicates the importance of that jl to Research world/ researchersCategorizing the jl under quality areas
Limitations …New and OldAvailability and Non availabilityConcept papers not cited much
Thank you