Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Writing & Academic NormsAcademic Misconduct: Cheating, Plagiarism, etc.

Ming-Ming Cheng

College of Computer Science, Nankai University

2020/04/25

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Table of Contents

1 Why writing is important?

2 Defining Academic Misconduct

3 Plagiarism

4 How to avoid misconduct?

5 Case Studey

6 Specifics of this course

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Why writing is important?Science: “Nothing before had ever made me thoroughly

realise, though I had read various scientificbooks, that science consists in groupingfacts so that general laws or conclusionsmay be drawn from them.”1

Fig.: Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882).

1https://www.biographyonline.net/scientists/darwin-quotes.htmlMing-Ming Cheng Nankai University Academic norms 2020/04/25 3 / 30

https://www.biographyonline.net/scientists/darwin-quotes.html

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Why writing is important?

Technology: "The use of science in industry, engineering,etc., to invent useful things or to solveproblems"2

Fig.: Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary.

2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechnologyMing-Ming Cheng Nankai University Academic norms 2020/04/25 4 / 30

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Why writing is important?

Research = Re + search

Scientific research is a process of creating,re-reorganizing and updating knowledge, as well ascreatively using knowledge in new domains.

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Why writing is important?

Academic paper: " ... contains original researchresults or reviews existing results. Such a paper... will only be considered valid if it undergoes aprocess of peer review by one or more referees(who are academics in the same field) who checkthat the content of the paper is suitable for publicationin the journal."3

3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_publishingMing-Ming Cheng Nankai University Academic norms 2020/04/25 6 / 30

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_publishing

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Why writing is important?

Not only for the community, but also for your careerWriting ability is obviously important for research jobsThe ability of writing is also essential for other jobs

Ability to propose a new projectAbility to arrange research planAbility to justify resultsA tiny project to mimic your career development

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

What’s Academic Misconduct?

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Consequences of Academic Misconduct?

Fig.: Academic Misconduct

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Academic Misconduct

"... any action or attempted action that may result increating an unfair academic advantage for oneself oran unfair academic advantage or disadvantage forany other member or members of the academiccommunity"4

4https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/academic-misconduct-intro/

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https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/academic-misconduct-intro/

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Academic Misconduct

Basic principles of academic behaviorRespect intellectual property!Proper citations!Have your own main/essential part/contribution!Respect original source!DO NOT seek improper interests

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Academic Misconduct

Typical academic misconduct behaviorPlagiarism, including self-plagiarismTampering the data

Falsify dataTampering with others’ academic achievements

Improper authorship: must be authorizedDuplicate submissions

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Factors Contribute to Academic Misconduct5

Ineffective Study HabitsIneffective Time Management Skills or OverloadPsychological Factors: e.g. unrealistic expectationsof themselvesNot Knowing the Boundaries

5https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/academic-misconduct-intro/factors/

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https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/academic-misconduct-intro/factors/

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Plagiarism"Plagiarism is defined as the use of intellectualmaterial produced by another person withoutacknowledging its source."6

Why it is important?

Fig.: Ne Zha.

6https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/academic-misconduct-intro/definitions/

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https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/academic-misconduct-intro/definitions/

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Causes of Plagiarism7

Low Confidence in Writing SkillsUnrealistic Expectations about WritingPoor, Careless, or Passive Note-Taking

7https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/academic-misconduct-intro/plagiarism/

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https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/academic-misconduct-intro/plagiarism/

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Causes of Plagiarism8

Citation is DifficultCitation is Done During EditingParaphrasing is Just RewritingYou Will Get Expelled if You Plagiarize Even Once

8https://www.turnitin.com/blog/5-most-common-misconceptions-students-have-about-plagiarism

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https://www.turnitin.com/blog/5-most-common-misconceptions-students-have-about-plagiarism

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

How to make reference?

Respect/protect the credit of the original source.DO NOT interpret out of contextLimited to the necessity of argumentationAs far back as possible to the original authorReferences to unpublished work should beauthorizedReferences to oral presentation should be proofedReferences should be accompanied by obvious signsCite peer-reviewed journal paper if possible

Journal > Conference > arXiv

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

How to make reference?

Proper referencesMissing related references

Intend to avoid comparisonsPretend to be innovative

Avoid fake reference: too many improper citationsCitations to unrelated paper of your friendsCitations to material that you don’t really familiarSelf-citations to unrelated paperIndirect reference to prior work

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Avoid self-plagiarism

Duplicate or multiple publicationReuse similar or duplicate content for a new paperwithout proper reference.Copyright violationMake proper citation in journal extension

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Question?

Example in TsinghuaIs an additional Master degree helpful or harmful?The change in the ruleNot all academic misconduct are intendedShould be avoid with caution

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Good habit: importance of formal records

Example: (Liu et. al. NPAR’17) vs. (Liao et. al. GitHub’17)Similar ideas are highly likely to occur.Depth-Preserving Style Transfer, Ruizhi Liao, GitHub, 2017

Depth-aware Neural Style Transfer, Xiao-Chang Liu et. al., NPAR, 2017.

Similarity: core idea, equation, pipeline figure, paperstructure, use (Chen, et. al., NIPS 2016) for depth estimation.Reason: both work follow (Johnson et. al. ECCV’16)Proof: Lots of records for email discussion,inter-media results, etc.Good habit: private GitHub/Overleaf prjt., and emails.

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http://mftp.mmcheng.net/Papers/NPAR17_DepthNST.pdfhttps://github.com/xiumingzhang/depth-preserving-neural-style-transfer

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

What is really important?More CVPR papers?More citations?What problem you have solved?Peer review?

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

If you want:Citations?Many funding?More opportunities?Good friends?

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Case study 1

Fig.: Piero Anversa 9.

9https://retractionwatch.com/2018/10/14/harvard-and-the-brigham-recommend-31-retractions-for-cardiac-stem-cell-work/Ming-Ming Cheng Nankai University Academic norms 2020/04/25 24 / 30

https://retractionwatch.com/2018/10/14/harvard-and-the-brigham-recommend-31-retractions-for-cardiac-stem-cell-work/https://retractionwatch.com/2018/10/14/harvard-and-the-brigham-recommend-31-retractions-for-cardiac-stem-cell-work/

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Case study 1 by timeline:

Fig.: Piero Anversa 10.

10https://m.huxiu.com/article/267190.html

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https://m.huxiu.com/article/267190.html

Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Case study 2

Fig.: Yoshiki Sasai.

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Case study 3

Fig.: Hungary’s President Pal Schmitt resigned after a Hungarian uni-versity withdrew his doctoral title.

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Textbook

Fig.: Get Published! Successful Scientific Writing

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

TextbookObtained his PhD in 1983 from Cambridge University.Visiting professors of Tsinghua, Shandong University,and NUDTAuthored over 300 papers2014 Friendship Award, China

Fig.: The author: Prof. Ralph R. Martin from Cardiff University

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Writing Academic Misconduct Plagiarism Avoid Misconduct Case Specifics

Specifics of this course

Required course for postgraduate students.Online study http://zixiuke.nankai.edu.cn/How to write a paper: 16 courses

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http://zixiuke.nankai.edu.cn/

Why writing is important?Defining Academic MisconductPlagiarismHow to avoid misconduct?Case StudeySpecifics of this course