MEMORANDUM 1 (10)

24.11.2015

World Road Association WRA / PIARC technical committees, period 2012-2015

25th World Road Congress and 8th TC Meeting, Seoul

Date 2-6.11.2015 Place Coex Congres Center, Seoul, South Korea Committee TC 3.2 Design and Operations of Safer Road Infrastructure Member Jaakko Klang, Finland; +358 400 824 207; jaakko.klang@ely-keskus.fi

Time Session Details Comments JK

Monday 2.11.2015

9:00-12:00

1

Registration Opening Ceremony

Pre Program

Opening of the Congress

Opening remarks

Introduction of Congress & programs

Presentation of PIARC Prizes 2015

Closing & information on Ministers’ Session and the open-ing ceremony

PIARC Prizes 2015: Awards will be given among the best papers submitted in response to the Congress call for papers. Young professionals (paper presented by authors less than 30 years of age)

Winner: Toni Paju, Finland Roads and inter-modality

Winner: Sonja Heikkilä, Finland Hyvä Suomi!

13:00-18:00

2 Road Safety in Korea, own technical visit in traffic in Seoul

Korea is constantly developing its infrastructure and realizing new rail or road pro-jects. In my opinion, the quality of road infrastructure and public transport here is on a similar level with Germany, France and United Kingdom. However, if you focus on road safety in Korea and take a look at the number of accidents or deaths caused by traffic, South Korea is far behind the majority of OECD countries. This post tries to look at the situation, reasons and possible solutions. We commonly say that we need three ‘Es’ ― education, engineering, and en-forcement. Among them, I want to emphasize traffic safety education. With a long-term perspective, education can change the behavior of road users.

MEMORANDUM 2 (10)

24.11.2015

Related to this, we have to develop safety policies for the elderly to prepare for an aging society. Engineering means to develop the design skills for roads, to improve the management of traffic safety facilities with converging advanced IT solutions, and to enhance technologies of vehicle equipment. Enforcement should be applied not to simply impose a penalty on road users but to encourage their behavior and sense on the traffic safety.

18:30-20:00

3 The Welcome Reception, held in Coex Will gather all participants in a warmly atmosphere, setting the pace for a fruitful week of professional and friendly exchanges, amidst the rich Korean welcoming tradition.

Tuesday 3.11.2015

8:00-12:30

1

Technical Visit: TV-2. Megacity Project 2 Incheon Bridge

The Incheon Bridge is a newly constructed reinforced concrete bridge in South Ko-rea. At its opening in October 2009, it became the second connection between Yeongjong Island and the mainland of Incheon. The Incheon Bridge is South Korea's longest spanning cable-stayed bridge. In comparison, the Incheon Bridge is the world's seventh longest cable-stayed bridge. The main purpose of the bridge is to provide direct access between Songdo and Incheon International Airport, reducing travel time between them by up to one hour. The sea crossing bridge section, whose concessionaire is Incheon Bridge Corpora-tion, is funded by the private sector. Korea Expressway Corporation and the Korean Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM) managed the project.

15:00-18:40

2

Other Sessions: Presentation Road dangers surface in Seoul Traffic safety surfaces as an issue in the upcoming Seoul mayoral election as South Korea's transportation record remains dismal

Korea could greatly improve road safety if laws were enforced. Unfortunately, South Korea has decided as a nation not to enforce road safety laws, such as speeding, failure to use a turn signal, driving too close to others, and improper seat belt use.

MEMORANDUM 3 (10)

24.11.2015

Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik; Kim Ki-bok of the Green Speed Campaign Mayoral candidate and former Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik cam-paigns for Seoul’s mayoral seat describing the city as vibrant, yet overshadowed by the number of traffic deaths. He promises to “turn Seoul into a city that saves people, not a city where people get kil-led.” While plane crashes occupy headlines and lead broadcasts for weeks on end the hazards and costs of travel by road rarely top the news. Worldwide more than 1.2 million people die in traffic acci-dents yearly. It’s the number one cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds. In South Korea, about 5,500 people die in vehicle related accidents yearly. Kim Ki-bok of the Green Speed Campaign has been working on traffic safety for 30 years. While he sites the need for improvements in maintenance and infrastructure, he pinpoints the lack of political holding back road safety. “Politicians and the government care about popularity and worry a lot about the potential backlash from the Korean people if they strengthen punishments for traffic law violations,” says Kim. Kim’s struggling NGO and others that work vocally argue that stronger punishments will save lives, but Kim says such advice falls on deaf ears, “it’s not enough to persuade politicians and decision makers.” Looking at more statistics concerning South Korea’s traffic safety record bears out Kim’s position. According to the South Korean Police Agency 8 million speeding tickets were given out in 2013. Drunk driving remains a huge problem, although some progress may be underway with the number of offenders caught declining from 430,000 in 2008 to 240,000 in 2012. However, repeat drunk-driving offenders show no decrease over the same period. But the primary measure, the traffic fatality rate, has not significantly declined, indicating that while there may be enforcement to some extent, punitive measures fail to translate into changes in driving behavior, and those seeking to skirt the law have technologies on

If the government wanted to improve road safety, like other OECD countries do, they would enforce the law by issuing tickets and encouraging new drivers to memorize these rules. This would mean that Korea should create a serious and well-funded police traffic task force. They should be aggressive about handing out tickets when they have evidence of illegal activity. With this, prosecution should also be more seri-ous and not allow bribery. When it comes to non-police related issues, cities should be required to maintain crosswalks across the country much better than they do. They should also be re-quired to put sand or salt on the roads for traction on snowy and icy roads. The Korean government must also reign in on bus drivers and taxi drivers as their speeds and reckless behavior encourage others to drive aggressively instead of de-fensively. Fake construction workers waving lights or police lights mounted to poles do little to stop traffic offenders. It is really a shame that Korea, as of 2009, has the second highest number of traffic fatalities among OECD nations per billion kilometers driven. Traffic safety should not continue to be a second priority to timeliness.

MEMORANDUM 4 (10)

24.11.2015

their side as politicians duck the issue. Automobile navigation systems warn drivers of upcoming traffic cameras for those that fail to see the numerous speed limit and camera warning signage. Even drunk drivers can get an app that maps the locations of roadblocks to keep that drunk drive home on the safe side, something the police would like to see made illegal.

Wednesday 4.11.2015

8:00-9:00

1

Technical Committee meeting: TC 3.2 De-sign and Operations of Safer Road Inf-rastructure, TC Chair Mike Greenhalgh

Unfortunately, the Committee of 50 members (2012 in Paris) participate in teh WRC, only 9 members (UK, France, Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Finland, Belgium, Japan, Morocco). The employer must get value for money when sending an employ-ee to work the Technical Committee. WRA wants active members of the committees. Let's work group and try to have specific effects on road safety. WRA is without prejudice to longer working periods to two. Representative of a Mem-ber State may continue for several periods.

9:00-12:40

2

SP 08. "ROAD SAFETY FOR 2-WHEELERS" Part 1.Scope of the problem 1. The challenges of road safety with the growing motorcycle

fleet: The Latin American experience. 2. Recommendations of the International Transport Forum for

powered two wheelers. 3. The issues as seen by the motorcyclists. Part 2. Case studies 1. A safety review of exclusive motorcycle lane in Malaysia. 2. Safety of two wheeler drivers: India case study. 3. Influence of the red box for motorcycle to the travel speed and

traffic delays at the Margonda-Juanda signalized intersection.

Argentina: All riders of 2-wheeled motor vehicles are required to wear helmets. In 2011 it was estimated that 42% of motorcycle drivers wore a helmet and 26% of passengers wore one. An agreement was reached in 2011 with motorcycle manufacturers and impor-ters to implement European standards for new vehicles sold in Argentina. It concerns the following configuration:

Automatic lights on motorcycles (all engines).

Malaysia: Generally, powered 2-wheelers contribute to the highest number of road deaths. In 2011 they accounted for 61% of the road deaths. Over the past 8 years the fatalities among motorcyclist and car occupants respectively increased by 18% and 17%. Helmet wearing has been compulsory for motorcycles since 1973. Segregation of motorcycles from the mainstream traffic. There are two type of mo-torcyclelane, exclusive and non-exclusive. Exclusive: fully segregate and non-exclusive: separate chevron markings only. Red motorcycle box at signalized intersection basically developed from the concept of Advance Stop Lanes (ASLs) for bicycles.

MEMORANDUM 5 (10)

24.11.2015

4. Optimising the safety of two and three wheeler’s riders and

passengers.

15:00-18:40

3

Other Sessions:presentation: Road Safety in Korea Lee So-beom, a professor at the Department of Transportation En-gineering at the University of Seoul In typical Korean fashion, the nation’s experience with road safety has been one of seismic change over a very short period of time. The number of people killed in traffic accidents here has almost halved since the turn of the century, when 10,236 people died on the roads, to 5,229 last year. The overall number of accidents dropped from their 2000 peak of 290,481 to 226, 878 in 2010. Yet, Korea remains one of the most dangerous places in the developed world to drive or be a pedestri-an. In 2010, the last year for which international comparisons were possible, the nation had the dubious distinction of having the world’s highest road fatality rate in the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. Driver behaviour Korea’s problems with road safety stem primarily from its people, rather than infrastructure or vehicle standards, which are both good

There are minor reasons like that only 6 % of the people on the rear seats use the safety belts even though by law it is mandatory to use them (front and rear seats!). Another reason can be wrong behavior of traffic participants. The infrastructure in South Korea is relatively good. Possible reasons could be inappropriate driving speed, illegal parking or other illegal acts (like illegal U-Turns) by car drivers or pe-destrians. So instead of infrastructure are the traffic users to blame? It’s very difficult to determine the exact reasons. Wide streets might lead to high driving speed and aggressive behavior. Or the short green light for pedestrians makes people run ac-ross the street without paying attention to cars. Does the fast urbanization of South Korea come with a slow adaption of its (new) urba nites? Until then the first step could be to reduce the allowed speed in urban areas. Since a few months Finland discusses reducing the allowed speed from 50 km/h to 30 km/h in urban areas (actually, a lot of area have already 30 km/h-limit).

MEMORANDUM 6 (10)

24.11.2015

generally. “Korea’s road environment is not bad compared to other countries. (In terms of) vehicles, it’s OK ― Korea is the fifth country in terms of the number of vehicles (produced) in the world, but the problem is the people.” Korea’s rapid motorization ― the number of registered vehicles having rose from a little over 128,000 in 1970 to almost 18 million in 2010 ― coupled with a lack of education has resulted in a dangerous driving culture, he said. “We have some problems in education. Not only learning knowledge, but we have to learn to respect our people. But in our education system that portion has not been emphasized,” said Lee. “Changing human behavior is a long-term project, but our presiden-tial period is only five years so nobody is concerned with (creating an) education system to change people’s behavior.” The public’s poor adherence to the rules of the road also means that effective road features commonly used in other countries have little use in Korea, according to Lee. “The stop sign is not popular in Korea. But the stop sign or yield sign is very popular in Europe and the United States… If people obey the rules well, then stop signs or yield signs are very effective in terms of an operational point of view and safety point of view.” While driver behavior may be one of the main culprits in the coun-try’s poor road safety record, experts also indentify deficiencies in planning and road maintenance, as well as other factors, as con-tributory causes. “We have many blind intersections, especially in residential areas,” said Kho Seung-young, a professor at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Seoul National University, adding that greater capital investment is needed to address road hazards. “There is no control of intersections in residential areas. So there are many accidents between cars and pedestrians compared to other countries.”

Currently, the allowed speed on roads in Korean cities is 60 km/h. At first, a reduction to 50 km/h would be great. This is just an idea and easier said than done. However, it may reduce the number of traffic accidents and later other measures could follow. The vehicle ownership in UK is higher than in South Korea but the number of deaths is really low compared to South Korea. Most of the victims are car users in UK, while in South Korea the most vulnerable group are the pedestrians. I would’ve liked to compare South Korea to another country with a similar vehicle ownership but I couldn’t find any country. The most vulnerable group in Korea are pedestrians. 38 % of the deaths by road accidents are pedestrians, followed by car users (drivers and passengers) (25 %), motorbikes (20 %), trucks (9 %) and 5 % cyclists (followed by 3 % others). If you put it in relation to the modal share (bicycles are around 2 %), the share of deaths for cyclists is quite high. The world average for road traffic deaths of pedestrians is at 22 % and Korea’s high share corresponds to the share of the whole African continent. However private car ownership is much lower in Africa. It is very easy to improve road safety in Korea. First, stop selling soju in Korea. Se-cond, remind all Korean drivers that being first is not as important as being alive. Third, all driving school instructors in Korea must be re-trained, and instructed to teach that the safety and security of all other drivers on the highways is the first priori-ty of all drivers. Fourth, instruct all Korean drivers in highway courtesy. Fifth, wake up all Korean policemen who now sleep in their highway automobiles to do their job. Korea is one of the greatest countries on this Earth.

MEMORANDUM 7 (10)

24.11.2015

Other safety problems arise from bureaucratic failures, according to another researcher in the field. “Especially, the detail in installing traffic safety facilities is very bad in practice,” said Kim Won-chul, an associate research fellow at the Department of Regional and Urban Research of Chungnam Devel-opment Institute. “This means that engineers do not obey the regulations of traffic safety facility installation. This is because the municipality and poli-cy agency do not have administrative harmony. “The incompatibility of these two bureaus comes from the fact that the budget is controlled by a municipality, and the management, including installation, is controlled by the policy agency. Eventually, the two bureaus blame each other for traffic safety problems.” The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs is currently implementing its seventh action plan to improve road safety in con-junction with the Ministry of Public Administration and Security and the National Police Agency. The plan aims to see road deaths re-duced to 3,000 a year by 2016, bringing Korea in line with the OECD average.

Salt on the roads and sidewalks in response to snowstorms would help.

Thursday 5.11.2015

8:00-18:00

1

Technical visit: TV7. Challenges against Giant Natur

Gangnam Beltway

Gangnam Beltway is scheduled to start operating on May 2014 as an urban beltway between Siheung-dong, Geumcheon-Gu, Seoul and Umyeon-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul in order to ease the neighboring area’s traffic congestion. It directly connects Gwanak-Gu and Dongjak-Gu, the two typical congested areas in Seoul. KIAMCO has invested 380 billion KRW inclu-ding 85% of the equity stakes. The Seohae Bridge is a cablestayed bridge that connects Pyongtaek and Dangjin. Bridge construction started in 1993 and was completed in 2000 at a cost of 677.7 billion KRW. Asan Plant of Hyundai Motor Company manufactures passenger vehicles for export : Sonata, Grandeur (Azera), etc. Operates environmentfriendly solar farm on rooftops. Hyundai helped children out with 26 road safety rules in the playground including a)

MEMORANDUM 8 (10)

24.11.2015

Seohae Grand Bridge

Asan Plant of Hyundai Motor Company

how to cross a crosswalk, b) getting on and off school buses, c) playing safely without traffic risks, and d) how to act in emergencies. Children also had the chance to drive a mini Equus and Poli car to learn about safety issues that occur on the road.

18:30-19:00

Working group session TC members: Uros Brumec, Jaakko Klang Wg 3: Driver dristraction and fatique Presentation 6.11.2015

We went through my comments in the presentation: 1 Introduction 2 Driver Distraction 3 Internal versus External to the Vehicle 4 Driver Fatigue 5 Monotony Fatigue 5 Safe Systems, Road Engineering and Driver Distraction and Fatigue

19:30-21:00

Congress Dinner, Coex convention center

Participants will experience the subtleness of Korea’s cuisine and the refinement of its artistic performances. It will be a unique moment of conviviality before the next day’s finale and farewell.

Friday 6.11.2015

9:00-12:40

1

Technical Committee Session: TC 3.2 Design and Operations of Safer Road Infrastructure Vulnerable Road Users

Some of Toyota Motor Corporation's new models will be compatible with advanced vehicle-infrastructure cooperative systems that use a wireless frequency reserved for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This compatibility will be offered as an option for the "Toyota Safety Sense P" active safety package that will be made available in

MEMORANDUM 9 (10)

24.11.2015

"The challenges in improving the safety of VRUs in Low and Middle Income Countries and the way forward Strategies to improve the safety of vulnerable road uses in Niger Human Factors in Road Design The current state of the art and where do we go next? Driver Distraction and Fatigue The role of road engineering in combatting driver distraction and fatigue road safety risks • Jaakko Klang, Member of TC 3.2, Finland and Uros Brumec Slo-venia Driving behaviour, road infrastructure and response time Methodological reflections on research infrastructure / behaviour Urban road traffic visual environment reliability evaluation based on amount of information perceived by vehicle drivers 'Central Vision'

2015 on select new models sold in Japan.

Right-turn Collision Caution (Toyota) (using road-to-vehicle communication)

Presentation of Mr Klang and Mr Brumec

MEMORANDUM 10 (10)

24.11.2015

14:00-15:30

2 Seoul congress´s closing ceremony Yoo Kyung-soo, secretary genera of the Korean Organizing Committee, highlighted some of the achievements of this year´s congress. "We have achieved more than we hoped for, not only quantitatively but also qualitatively," he said. "We had participants from 114 countries, numbering 2 628 in all. I belive that the World Road Congress greatly contributed to the development of the road transport sector."

While we provide important lessons that we have learned, we are also eager to improve our knowledge, and the World Road Association has given us a platform to do that. The host city for the next WRC 2019 is Abu Dhabi in United Arab Emirates.

More information is also available on the World Road Association’s homepage at www.piarc.org.

PIARC TC 3.2 member Jaakko Klang

ENCLOSURES WG3 Introductory Report for WRC.pdf Presentation Wg 3: Driver dristraction and fatique

DISTRIBUTION Miia Asikainen CC Finnish Transport Agency: Antti Vehviläinen, Auli Forsberg, Tuovi Päiviö

Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment: Matti Vehviläinen, Hanna Lindholm, Antti Kärki, Pekka Puurunen, Timo Laaksonen