wq wawsaw 2014
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guardians of drinking water quality
DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
Drinking Water Safety –
The Application and Outcome of
Regulation
• Marcus Rink• Deputy Chief Inspector (Operations)
• Drinking Water InspectorateWarsaw - 2014
guardians of drinking water quality
DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
Structure
This presentation covers :-
• The Directive
• The Regulations
• The Technical Regulator
• Application of the Regulations
• Outcomes of Regulation
guardians of drinking water quality
DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
• World Health Organisation (WHO) Guideline Values
– Guidelines based on health impacts - not legally binding
• EC Directives
– 98/83 on the quality of water intended for human consumption
• UK Primary Legislation
– Water Act 1989
– Water Industry Act 1991
– Water Act 2003
• UK Secondary Legislation
– Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000, (Amended 2010)
• 2001 in Scotland, 2010 in Wales, and Northern Ireland
• Private Water Supplies Regulations 2009
• Water Fittings Regulations 1999
• Information Direction
– Water Industry (Suppliers’ Information Direction) 2009
Legislative Framework forDrinking Water Quality
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DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
• A4: Member States are under a duty to
supply wholesome water.
• A5: Quality standards must be set.
• A6: Point of compliance at taps with a
requirement that measures to eliminate risk
including at treatment are taken and
consumers informed
• A7: Monitoring; regular and additional.
• A8:Investigation and remediation of failure or
potential danger.
• A10:Substances and materials.
Council Directive 98/83 – Key Articles
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DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
UK Water industry
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• 24 Water Supply Companies in England, 3 in Wales (which are also in Eng), one in Scotland one in Northern Ireland
• 4 other licensed companies in England,1 in Wales, none in Scotland or NI, (making up 9 insets)
• Supply 13,898 Ml/d in England, 822 in Wales, 2,016 Ml/d in Scotland and 628 Ml/d in NI
• 52 million people in England, 3 in Wales, 5 in Scotland 1.8 in NI)
• 1,193 water treatment works in England and 88 in Wales, 273 in Scotland, 31 in NI
• 3,995 service reservoirs in England, 630 in Wales, 1,055 in Scotland, 330 in NI
• 262,852 km of water mains in England 31,110 in Wales, 47,000 in Scotland, 26,500 in NI
• 1,581 water supply zones in England, 101 in Wales, 354 in Scotland, 55 in NI
Water Supply in UK
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DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
European Law
Secretary of State
LocalAuthorities
National Law
Competition
Commission
Water companies
Water industry regulation
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• Water companies are under a duty to supply
wholesome water
• The supply of water unfit for human
consumption is a criminal offence• Secretary of State has power to
• make regulations
• require information
• appoint a Chief Inspector of Drinking Water
• enforce if regulations are breached
• Chief Inspector given specific powers in
The Water Act 2003
Water Act 1989 & 2003, Water Industry Act 1991
Primary legislation
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DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
• Transpose and implement the 1998 Drinking Water
Directive requirements
• Implement the technical duties of primary legislation
• Define wholesome water - regulation 4(2)
– No substance or organism or parasite, (in conjunction with
another or not), at a concentration that constitutes a potential
danger to human health.
– Any concentration in excess of the prescribed concentrations
or values, (or as maybe less than the PCV’s)
– Satisfies Nitrate/Nitrite formula.
* Amended 2010
Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000*,
2001* in Scotland, 2007* in NI & 2010 in Wales
Secondary legislation
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• Enforceable water quality standards
– Directive requirements
• 28+ standards (e.g. E.coli; lead; Pesticides)
– National requirements
• 13 standards (e.g. Iron, Manganese, pH)
• Indicator parameters (not necessarily un-wholesome)
– 11 parameters (e.g. conductivity, pH, Sulphate, coliforms at taps)
• Regulations also define requirements for:
– Informing stakeholders – DWI, CCDCs, LAs, CCWater
– Sampling & analysis
– Investigations
– treatment
– approval of substances and products in contact with drinking water
Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000
Secondary legislation
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DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
• Regulation 16a
– Requirement for raw water monitoring
• Regulation 19a
– Domestic Distribution Systems and Public Buildings
• Regulation 26
– sufficient preliminary treatment to prepare water for
disinfection
– all water must be disinfected prior to supply
– design & continuously operate an adequate treatment
process
• Regulation 27 – risk assessment
– Requirement for comprehensive risk assessment of each
works and associated supply system
• All risks from source to tap
2007 Key Amendments
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• Regulation 19a
– A failure is attributable to the domestic distribution system, or the
maintenance of that system, in premises where water supplied for
regulation 4(1) purposes is made available for use by members of
the public
– The water undertaker whose supply system is used for the purpose
of a licensed water supplier making a supply of water to the
premises, requiring it to exercise the power conferred by section
75(2) of the Act in respect of the failure.
• Regulation 26
– Design, operate and maintain the disinfection process so as to
keep disinfection bye-products as low as possible without
compromising the effectiveness of the disinfection; and verify the
effectiveness of the disinfection process.”
2010 Key Amendments
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• Specifies information requirements of the
Secretary of State (DWI)
• Annual data returns
– Zone boundaries, WTW & SRs in use
• Monthly data returns
– Results of all samples taken as part of regulatory
programme
– Report of investigations and remedial actions for any
failure of standard
• Provision of information on events, incidents &
emergencies
– Notification
– 3-day report
– 20-day report
Water Industry (Suppliers’ Information Direction) 2012
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• Independent drinking water quality regulator for
England & Wales
• Set up in 1990 by primary legislation
• 40 staff, 30 warranted Inspectors
• Main Duties
– Obtain & publish information
– Audit
– Inspection
– Enforcement
– Prosecution
– Technical Advice
– Policy formulation
Drinking Water Inspectorate
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DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
• Information supplied under Direction• Risk Assessments
• Monthly water quality compliance returns on WTWs, SRs, zones
• Numbers of consumer complaints (WQ only)
• Events, Incidents ,Emergencies
• Information gathered by Intervention• Audit
• Investigation
DWI Operational Activities
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Operational Information Acquisition and Processing
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Event or
Audit Risk
Score
Company
Assessment
Score
Response
Category
Orange
Zone
Light touch investigation (3b)
In Depth investigation
Yes
No
Short letter (email)
Health
parameter
breach
Red Zone
Sense Check
Green Zone
Risk Based Approach to Assessment & Investigation
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• Discolouration• Burst mains• Microbiological contamination
• Source• Treatment • Reservoir integrity• Distribution
• Disinfection / treatment failures• Source contamination of supply
Assessment of Water Quality Events
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Enforcement Mechanisms
• Notice
– Where a risk assessment identifies, (or fails to identify), a
residual risk of supplying water potentially harmful to human
health
• Enforcement
– Where water does not meet a standard in the regulations,
company can apply for an Undertaking.
• Prosecution
– Supplying water unfit for human consumption
– Failing to adequately treat and disinfect water prior to supply
to consumers
– Use of products or processes not meeting the requirements
of regulation
– Impeding the activities of an Inspector
guardians of drinking water quality
DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
Drinking water standards
Compliance with Drinking
Water Directive
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of sa
mp
les fa
ilin
g in
zo
ne
s
England and Wales Scotland Northern Ireland
England 99.97% - Wales 99.96%
Drinking water standards
Compliance with Drinking Water Directive
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DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
Percentage of samples
• Meeting the Lead standard of 10µg/l
Improvements in drinking water quality
95
96
97
98
99
100
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Pe
rce
ntg
e m
ee
tin
g s
tan
da
rd
Year
10µg/l Industry
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DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
2007
Improvements in drinking water quality
2012
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100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
150,000
160,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Co
nsu
mer
co
nta
cts
Consumer contacts down by one third
Public water supplies
Consumer contacts 2006-2010
guardians of drinking water quality
DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
Improvements in drinking water quality
Percentage of samples meeting the pesticide standard of 0.1µg/l
99.84
99.86
99.88
99.90
99.92
99.94
99.96
99.98
100.00
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
guardians of drinking water quality
DRINKING WATER INSPECTORATE
Drinking Water Inspectorate
: [email protected]: www.dwi.gov.uk
Further information