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Workshop12‐13 September 2016, Bilbao

A2PBEER – Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting

WP7Monitoring and data

analysis of the Spanish Demo building of the

University of the Basque Country

(UPV/EHU)

Dr. Aitor ErkorekaUPV/EHU

WP7, Workshop, 12‐13 September 2016, Bilbao

A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting

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Work‐Package 7Monitoring and Evaluation of the different demonstration buildings and the applied

Technologies

WP‐leader: Jose C. Esteban (ACCIONA)Task participants: TECNALIA, EKO DENGE, AFLIVA‐DEM,

IVL, UPV/EHU, MALMO, EVE

Spanish, Turkish and Swedish Demo



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Content of this presentation

1. WP7 overview

2. Estimating and decoupling the Heat Loss Coefficient of the UPV/EHU demosite in‐use office building into its Transmission (UA) and Infiltration (Cv) heat loss coefficients



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1. WP7 overviewMain objective: to execute and lead a detailed monitoring and meteringprogram of energy consumption and indoor environment in order to verify thefinal performance of the retrofitted demo buildings at each district.

Structure of the work: WP divided in 3 different phases

Planning (M1‐M4): Monitoring and Evaluation Plan

Pre‐Intervention : Before renovation (M4‐M30– feb 2016)

Post‐Intervention: After renovation (M34‐M45)

Analysis of results (M17‐M30, M43‐48)

• Connections WP6, WP8



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Monitoring strategy oriented on evaluation of: Energy consumption

Indoor environment parameters T, RH, CO2, illumination level

Outdoor conditions

IPMVP* Option C: Whole FacilityEnergy savings = Baseline Energy Use – Post.retrofit Energy Use ± Adjustments

*International performance measurement and verification protocol

Try to develop in‐use building characterization methodology to estimate the building main thermal characteristics:

– Heat Loss Coefficient (HLC), Solar Gains (Sa∙Vsol), UA‐value…

1.1 – Design of the monitoring and evaluation plan



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Three demo sites:

Sweden ‐Malmö Technology & Maritime Museum‐HVAC: district heating, hot water radiators + ventilation + fancoils + radiant strips

‐ Electric system: distributed by zones and use

Turkey –AnkaraVocational School, AFLIVA Foundation‐HVAC: district heating, hot water

radiators

‐ Electric system: distributed by zones and use

Spain –BilbaoCentral Rector´s Office

‐HVAC: district heating (gas boilers), hot water radiators‐ Electric system: distributed by zones and use

Parameter monitored:External conditions

– Brightness level on three facades (Lux)– Temperature (ºC)– Relative Humidity (%)– Rain (yes/no)– Wind Speed (m/s)– Wind Direction (º)– Solar Radiation (W/m2)

Energy consumptionHeating systems (thermal) (hot water circuits)

– Heating water flow rate (m3/h)– Energy consumption (kWh)– Flow temperature (ºC)– Return temperature (ºC)

lighting and ventilation systems (Electricity)– Power consumption (kWh)– Active Power (W)– Voltage (V)– Current (A)– Power Factor

Indoor conditions– Temperature (ºC)– Relative humidity (%)– Brightness level (Lux)– Air quality (ppm CO2)

1.1 – Design of the monitoring and evaluation plan



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1.2 – Preintervention monitoringData gathering and access. New access

Access:• Direct‐>

http://37.187.169.174/• From previous access point, picture of excel logo

http://ecorec.ehu.eus/

New services in data storage• Hosting for data storage and cloud access• Maintenance and safety of data logger equipment and local

server in the three demonstrators sites



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Hosting for data storage and cloud access‐ Programming and configuration of online server provided by Arquedomo‐ Periodic Backup, automatically for the three CBSE servers ‐ Daily data exports, in .csv format.‐ Programming of services to allow connecting via FTP up to 4 users.

Maintenance

1.2 – Preintervention monitoring



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Objectives: Analyze base line situation of the demo buildings.

‐ Before retrofitting

‐With one year of monitoring data:Bilbao: July 2014 ‐ July 2015Malmo: January 2015 ‐ December2015Ankara: March 2014 – May 2015

‐ Extract conclusions about the results obtained.- Cooperate in best options for retrofitting (considering possible alternatives)(WP6)




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EXPECTED ENERGY SAVINGS:

Lighting: 62%

Space heating: 46%

Space cooling: (*)

TOTAL SAVINGS: 42.5%

(*) Energy consumed by the fans for the ventilation has been included as “Space cooling”; for that

reason, no energy savings on space cooling are resulted.



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2. Estimating and decoupling the Heat Loss Coefficient2.1 ‐ INTRODUCTION



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2.1 ‐ INTRODUCTION



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FP7 project A2PBEER: Rectorate of the University of the Basque Country has been energetically monitored while the building was in operation

OBJECTIVES

• Modified ISO 9869-1 and Co-heating methods to obtain the in-use HLC and solar gains (Sa·Vsol) floor by floor.• Metabolic CO2 through concentration decay method to decouple the HLC into its transmission and infiltration parts




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Description of the building and monitoring system

RED DOT: locations where brightness level, air quality (CO2 ppm), temperature and relative humidity have been measured

A [m2] V [m3]

FLOOR 0 391.65 1184.29

FLOOR 1 456.32 1700.22

FLOOR2 604.61 1889.74

FLOOR3 458.51 1619.46

BUILDING 1911.09 6393.71

2.2 – EXPERIMENTAL SET‐UP



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Description of the building and monitoring system2.2 – EXPERIMENTAL SET‐UP



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2.2 – EXPERIMENTAL SET‐UP

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

‐24‐20‐16‐12‐8‐4048

1216202428

01/01/2015 06/01/2015 11/01/2015 16/01/2015 21/01/2015 26/01/2015 31/01/2015

Q [kW]

T [ºC]

Date

Ti To Q+K

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

01/01/2015 06/01/2015 11/01/2015 16/01/2015 21/01/2015 26/01/2015 31/01/2015

Solar R

adiatio

n [W

/m2]

Date

South Vertical Global (Vsol) Horizontal Global (Hsol)



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2.3.1 Proposed modifications to the ISO 9869-1

N

kkoki

N

kksi

airtoairN

TT

qU

1,,

1,,

,

N

kkoki

N

kkk

airtoairN

TT

KQHLC

1,,

1,

•All the heat gains inside each floor are considered. Interior to exterioraverage temperature difference higher than 15ºC, solar gains less than a 10%of the sum of all heat gains.

•The 2% band required in the ISO 9869-1 is proposed to be expanded to a10%.

•The average temperature must be the same at the starting and endingtimes.

2.3 – THEORY



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2.3 – THEORY

3.2 Proposed modifications to the Co-heating Method

•In the Co-heating method K is considered as zero. Proposed K valueconsiders the heat gains due to: illumination, all other electrical devicesenergy consumption and heat gains due to people.

solav VSTCUAKQ Where:

UA: Envelope heat loss coefficient [kW/ºC]Cv: infiltration heat loss coefficient [kW/ºC]Q: All heating and ventilating systems energy inputs inside the building [kW]K: all the other heat gains inside the building [kW]∆T = Ti - To: air to air inside to outside daily average temperature difference [ºC]Sa: South vertical perfectly transparent surface [m2]Vsol: South vertical global solar radiation [kW/m2].



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2.3 – THEORY

3.3 Air infiltration heat loss coefficient (Cv) by means of metabolic CO2 decay method

• Metabolic CO2 of building occupants Concentration decay analysis

• ASTM D6245-12 ‘Standard Guide for Using Indoor Carbon DioxideConcentrations to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation’

• Data from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm used, shortly after the end of the working day• Outdoors CO2 concentration considered constant as 400 ppm• Concentration measurement precision better than ± 5 % of the concentrations• Initial minimum acceptable value of the decay 350 ppm (difference between the indoor andthe outdoor concentration)• Indoor tracer gas concentration at multiple points within the building has to differ by lessthan 10 % of the average concentration



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2.3.3 Air infiltration heat loss coefficient (Cv) by means of metabolic CO2 decay method

• Last requirement has not been fulfilled in two of the floors ( F0 and F2)

•An extra requirement: To ensure non-opening windows, the maximum acceptable value of outdoors daily average temperature established in 10°C

• Minutely CO2 concentration data from December 2014 to March 2015

• Air Changes per Hour (ACH in [h-1]) of each day fulfilling requirements have been estimated for each floor the average ACHaver of each floor

2.3 – THEORY



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2.3.3 Air infiltration heat loss coefficient (Cv) by means of metabolic CO2 decay method

airairaverfloorolv CpACHVC ···_

Where

Vol_floor : volume of each floor [m3] ACHaver : floor average Air Change per Hour [h-1]ρair : density of the air at the average indoor temperature [kg/m3] Cpair : specific heat of the air at the average indoor temperature [kJ/kgºC]

• An extra calculation for F0 and F2: Each sensor has been assigned a portion of the total volume of each floor

airair

N

iiaveriolv CpACHVC ···

1__

2.3 – THEORY



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2.4 – CALCULATION

2.4.1 HLC calculation by means of the modified ISO 9869-1 method

N

kkoki

N

kkk

airtoairN

TT

KQHLC

1,,

1,

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

‐24‐20‐16‐12‐8‐4048

1216202428

20/01/2015 21/01/2015 22/01/2015 23/01/2015 24/01/2015

Gains [kW]

T [ºC]

Date

To Ti (Ti +To)/2 SaVsol Q + K

1 2

012345678910

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

HLC [kW/ºC]

t [h]

HLC

+ 10% final value

‐ 10% final value

TIME INTERVAL 1



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2.4 – CALCULATION


N

kkoki

N

kkk

airtoairN

TT

KQHLC

1,,

1,

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

F0 F1

F2 F3

Build* Build**HLC

[kW/ºC]

Time (h)

TIME INTERVAL 1



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2.4 – CALCULATION


Q [kW]

Klighting

[kW]Koccupancy

[kW]Q + K [kW]

Ti - To [ºC]

HLC [Kw/ºC]

Average AverageEstimated Average

Average Average Average

Accuracy ±1 % ±2 % ±10 % - - -

Time interval 1:20/01/2015

9:00to

23/01/2015 8:00

FLOOR 011.65±0.12

1.75±0.04

1.31±0.13

14.70±0.29

15.37±1

0.96±0.08%9

FLOOR 116.77±0.17

3.50±0.07

4.94±0.49

25.21±0.73

17.36±1

1.45±0.14%9

FLOOR214.00±0.14

2.19±0.04

2.25±0.23

18.44±0.41

17.23±1

1.07±0.09%9

FLOOR316.80±0.17

2.07±0.04

3.34±0.33

22.21±0.54

17.49±1

1.27±0.11%9

BUILD*4.75±0.42%9

BUILD**59.22±0.59

9.51±0.19

11.84±1.18

80.56±1.96

16.86±1

4.78±0.42%9


7:00to

31/01/2015 9:00

FLOOR 09.34±0.1

1.71±0.03

1.33±0.13

12.33±0.26

11.76±1

1.05±0.12%11

FLOOR 112.16±0.12

3.39±0.07

5.00±0.5

20.56±0.69

13.86±1

1.48±0.17%12

FLOOR210.16±0.1

2.15±0.04

2.31±0.23

14.62±0.37

13.35±1

1.09±0.12%11

FLOOR312.7±0.12

2.03±0.04

3.40±0.34

18.12±0.50

14.00±1

1.29±0.14%11

BUILD*4.92±0.55%11

BUILD**44.34±0.44

9.29±0.19

12.05±1.21

65.63±1.84

13.24±1

4.95±0.56%11

Q [kW]

Klighting

[kW]Koccupancy

[kW]Q + K [kW]

Ti - To [ºC]

HLC [Kw/ºC]

Average AverageEstimated Average

Average Average Average

Accuracy ±1 % ±2 % ±10 % - - -

N

kkoki

N

kkk

airtoairN

TT

KQHLC

1,,

1,



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2.4 – CALCULATION


N

kkoki

N

kksolakk

airtoairNcorrected

TT

VSKQHLC

1,,

1,,

Q + K [kW]

Ti - To [ºC]Vsol [W/m2]

Aver. of period

Sa

[m2]SaVsol [kW]

Q + K + SaVsol [kW]

HLCcorrected

[KW/ºC]

Accuracy - - ± 5 % ± 20 m2 -


9:00to

23/01/2015 8:00

FLOOR 014.70±0.29

15.37±1

38.0± 1.9

36.82± 3.2

1.40± 0.2

16.10± 0.49

1.05±0.1%10

FLOOR 125.21±0.73

17.36±1

38.0± 1.9

82.85± 7.2

3.15± 0.5

28.36± 1.23

1.63±0.18%11

FLOOR218.44±0.41

17.2±1

38.0± 1.9

52.93± 4.6

2.01± 0.3

20.45± 0.71

1.19±0.12%10

FLOOR322.21±0.54

17.49±1

38.0± 1.9

57.55± 5

2.19± 0.3

24.40± 0.84

1.40±0.13%9

BUILD*5.27±0.53%10

BUILD**80.56±1.96

16.86±1

38.0± 1.9

230.15

± 20

8.8± 1.2

89.36± 3.16

5.30±0.53%10


7:00to

31/01/2015 9:00

FLOOR 012.33±0.26

11.76±1

25.5± 1.3

36.82± 3.2

0.94± 0.13

13.27± 0.39

1.13±0.14%12

FLOOR 120.56±0.69

13.86±1

25.5± 1.3

82.85± 7.2

2.11± 0.3

22.67± 0.99

1.64±0.20%12

FLOOR214.62±0.37

13.35±1

25.5± 1.3

52.93± 4.6

1.35± 0.2

15.97± 0.57

1.20±0.14%12

FLOOR318.12±0.50

14.00±1

25.5± 1.3

57.55± 5

1.47± 0.2

19.59± 0.7

1.40±0.16%12

BUILD*5.37±0.64%12

BUILD**65.63±1.84

13.24±1

25.5± 1.3

230.15

± 20

5.9± 0.8

71.53± 2.64

5.40±0.66%12

Q + K [kW]

Ti - To [ºC]

Vsol[W/m2]Aver. of period

Sa

[m2]SaVsol [kW]

Q + K + SaVsol [kW]

HLCcorrecte

d [KW/ºC]

Accuracy - - ± 5 % ± 20 m2 -



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2.4 – CALCULATION

2.4.2 HLC and Sa·Vsol calculation by means of the modified Co-heating method

0

50

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200

250

300

‐24‐20‐16‐12‐8‐4048

1216202428

01/01/2015 06/01/2015 11/01/2015 16/01/2015 21/01/2015 26/01/2015 31/01/2015

Q [kW]

T [ºC]

Date

Ti To Q+K

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

01/01/2015 06/01/2015 11/01/2015 16/01/2015 21/01/2015 26/01/2015 31/01/2015

Solar R

adiatio

n [W

/m2]

Date

South Vertical Global (Vsol) Horizontal Global (Hsol)




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2.4 – CALCULATION


solav VSTCUAKQ

(Q+K) = 5.2975 ∆T ‐ 23.624 [kW/day]R² = 0.2901

‐20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K

[kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating December‐March(Q+K) = 5.1943 ∆T ‐ 22.343 [kW/day]

R² = 0.2782

‐20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K

[kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating December‐February

(Q+K)= 5.004 ∆T ‐ 19.889 [kW/day]R² = 0.2653

‐20,00

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K [

kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating January‐February(Q+K) = 5.8265 ∆T ‐ 32.644 [kW/day]

R² = 0.2649

‐20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K

[kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating February



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2.4 – CALCULATION


solav VSTCUAKQ

(Q+K)all data = 5.2975 ∆T ‐ 23.624 [kW/day]R² = 0.2901

(Q+K)only working days = 3.327 1∆T + 17.776 [kW/day]R² = 0.4834

(Q+K)only holydays = 1.3881 ∆T ‐ 11.734 [kW/day]R² = 0.6091

‐40,00

‐20,00

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K

[kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating December‐March ‐ DIFFERENT CLUSTER ANALYSIS



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2.4 – CALCULATION


(Q+K)= 1.5186 ΔT ‐ 7.5836 [kW/day]R² = 0.6257

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K

[kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating December‐March (Floor 0)(Q+K) = 1.512 ΔT ‐ 5.7692 [kW/day]

R² = 0.2083

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K

[kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating December‐March (Floor 1)

(Q+K) = 1.3741 ΔT ‐ 7.4138 [kW/day]R² = 0.3739

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K

[kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating December‐March (Floor 2)(Q+K) = 1.3852 ΔT ‐ 5.3708 [kW/day]

R² = 0.3016

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 5 10 15 20 25

Q+K

[kW/day]

ΔT [ºC]

Co‐heating December‐March (Floor 3)



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2.4 – CALCULATION


solav VSTCUAKQ

SUMMARY OF CO-HETING RESULTS (December 2014-March 2015)

HLC [KW/ºC] Sa.Vsol [kW/day]

FLOOR 0 1.52 ±0.15 7.58 ±0.38FLOOR 1 1.51 ±0.12 5.76 ±0.29FLOOR 2 1.37 ±0.11 7.41 ±0.37FLOOR 3 1.39 ±0.11 5.37 ±0.27

BUILDING* 5.79 ±0.49 26.12 ±1.31BUILDING** 5.30 ±0.39 23.62 ±1.14



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2.4 – CALCULATION 2.4.3 Air infiltration rate by means of metabolic CO2

Calculation of ACH values fulfilling ASTM D6245 requirements in February 2015 for the first floor.



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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00

Indo

or measured CO

2concen

tracion [ppm

]

Time [h] (2015‐Feb‐09 to 2015‐Feb‐13)

S3 (1.2.8)

S2 (1.2.6)

S1 (1.2.4)

Average

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00LN(In

door CO2pp

m ‐Outdo

or 400

CO2pp

m)

Time [h] (2015‐Feb‐9 to 2015‐Feb‐13)

S3 (1.2.8)

S2 (1.2.6)

S1 (1.2.4)

Average



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Initial CO2 concentration (ppm)

Difference from the average (%)

Final CO2 concentration (ppm)

Difference from the average (%)

Day ACH AverS1

1.2.4S2

1.2.6S3

1.2.8S1

1.2.4S2

1.2.6S3

1.2.8Aver

S11.2.4

S21.2.6

S31.2.8

S11.2.4

S21.2.6

S31.2.8

1 0.01 9 10 7 10.5 9.1 -23.6 14.5 9 8 7 12 -11.11 -22.22 33.332 0.19 705 669 706 739 -5.1 0.2 4.9 486 466 477 514 -4.05 -1.78 5.833 0.19 701 648 653 803 -7.6 -6.9 14.5 480 452 458 529 -5.77 -4.52 10.284 0.64 355 372 336 358 4.7 -5.4 0.8 99 104 83 109 5.41 -15.88 10.475 0.36 263 264 257 268 0.4 -2.3 1.9 128 146 107 130 14.36 -16.19 1.836 0.28 424 419 420 434 -1.3 -1.0 2.3 247 257 239 245 4.12 -3.17 -0.957 0.01 28 31 24 29 9.6 -13.8 4.2 27 28 24 30 2.44 -12.20 9.768 0.01 18 20 14 19 13.2 -20.8 7.5 17 19 14 19 9.62 -19.23 9.629 0.12 564 598 608 486 6.0 7.8 -13.8 444 425 443 464 -4.24 -0.30 4.54

10 0.15 694 635 710 738 -8.5 2.3 6.3 508 464 527 532 -8.60 3.81 4.7911 0.17 561 477 563 643 -15 0.4 14.6 403 376 404 429 -6.70 0.25 6.4512 0.18 712 674 724 739 -5.4 1.6 3.7 504 493 512 506 -2.12 1.65 0.4613 0.33 247 260 245 237 5.1 -0.9 -4.2 127 150 130 101 18.11 2.36 -20.4714 0.03 13 13 11 14 2.6 -13.2 10.5 12 13 11 12 8.33 -8.33 0.0015 0.09 12 11 11 14.5 -9.6 -9.6 19.2 15 16 14 14 9.09 -4.55 -4.5516 0.70 471 500 484.5 429 6.1 2.8 -8.9 116 171 113 65 46.99 -2.87 -44.1317 0.33 224 246 217 209 9.8 -3.1 -6.7 115 127 114 103 10.76 -0.58 -10.1718 0.18 614 604 642 596 -1.6 4.6 -2.9 436 436 450 422 0.00 3.21 -3.2119 0.20 512 532 511 492 4.0 -0.1 -3.8 347 333 355 352 -3.94 2.40 1.5420 0.19 366 342 388 369 -6.6 5.9 0.7 253 239 259 261 -5.53 2.37 3.1621 0.04 4 4 3 6 -7.7 -30.8 38.5 4 5 1 6 25.00 -75.00 50.0022 0.35 0 2 -1 0 500 -400 -100 1 1 1 0 50.00 50.00 10023 0.40 315 413 370 162 31.1 17.5 -48.6 142 169 170 87 19.01 19.72 -38.7324 0.62 214 264 229 150 23.2 6.8 -30.0 62 79 57 49 28.11 -7.57 -20.5425 0.55 138 169 142 104 22.2 2.7 -24.8 46 56 45 38 20.22 -2.53 -17.6926 0.46 449 474 483 390 5.6 7.6 -13.1 178 241 203 91 35.14 13.83 -48.9727 0.27 108 135 111 77 25.4 3.1 -28.5 63 78 60 52 23.16 -5.26 -17.8928 0.04 11 12 10 11 9.1 -9.1 0.0 12 14 10 12 16.67 -16.67 0.00




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Values obtained by linear regression for February 2015 fulfilling all ASTM D6245requirements for the first floor

y = ‐0.1899x + 9.9724R² = 0.9971

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00

2015‐Feb‐02

CO2Decay_1P

Lineal (CO2Decay_1P)

y = ‐0.2751x + 11.045R² = 0.979

5.4

5.6

5.8

6

6.2

17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00

2015‐Feb‐06

CO2Decay_1P


y = ‐0.1518x + 9.2508R² = 0.9858

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00

2015‐Feb‐10

CO2Decay_1P


y = ‐0.177x + 9.7566R² = 0.9962

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00

2015‐Feb‐12

CO2Decay_1P


y = ‐0.1775x + 9.6071R² = 0.9924

6

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00

2015‐Feb‐18

CO2Decay_1P


y = ‐0.1952x + 9.7323R² = 0.9845

5.8

5.9

6

6.1

6.2

6.3

17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00

2015‐Feb‐19

CO2Decay_1P


y = ‐0.1894x + 9.3324R² = 0.9877

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

6

17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00

2015‐Feb‐20

CO2Decay_1P




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FLOOR 1 FLOOR 3DATE ACH v [m/s] Cv [kW/ºC] DATE ACH v [m/s] Cv [kW/ºC]11 DEC 0.18 0.58 0.10 2 DEC 0.19 0.54 0.1015 DEC 0.23 0.30 0.13 4 DEC 0.29 0.60 0.168 JAN 0.24 0.33 0.14 9 DEC 0.19 0.70 0.109 JAN 0.21 0.55 0.12 15 DEC 0.19 0.30 0.1015 JAN 0.23 1.45 0.13 17 DEC 0.28 5.5 0.152 FEB 0.19 1.01 0.11 18 DEC 0.25 1.75 0.146 FEB 0.28 2.57 0.16 7 JAN 0.16 0.50 0.0910 FEB 0.15 0.75 0.09 8 JAN 0.22 0.33 0.1212 FEB 0.18 0.94 0.10 19 JAN 0.20 1.80 0.1118 FEB 0.18 0.50 0.10 20 JAN 0.19 0.70 0.1019 FEB 0.2 0.41 0.11 22 JAN 0.30 2.54 0.1620 FEB 0.19 3.83 0.11 26 JAN 0.16 1.76 0.092 MAR 0.13 1.25 0.07 27 JAN 0.23 1.72 0.125 MAR 0.19 1.36 0.11 2 FEB 0.24 1.01 0.13‐ ‐ 4 FEB 0.40 4.47 0.22‐ ‐ 5 FEB 0.36 6.22 0.20‐ ‐ 10 FEB 0.17 0.75 0.09‐ ‐ 11 FEB 0.20 0.77 0.11‐ ‐ 12 FEB 0.16 0.94 0.09‐ ‐ 17 FEB 0.27 4.02 0.15‐ ‐ 26 FEB 0.30 5.26 0.16‐ ‐ 11 MAR 0.19 0.42 0.10‐ ‐ 16 MAR 0.25 2.83 0.14‐ ‐ 23 MAR 0.34 1.37 0.18

AVERAGE0.20

(ACHaver)‐

0.11(Cv average)

AVERAGE0.24

(ACHaver)‐

0.13(Cv average)

Daily ACH, Cv values and wind average speed (v [m/s]) of all days fulfilling ASTM D6245 requirements for 1st and 3th floors



37/44


ACH and wind average speed values for those days fulfilling ASTM D6245 requirements

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

v [m

/s]

ACH

ACH (F1) v_wind

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

v [m

/s]

ACH

ACH (F3) v_wind



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Volume partitions considered in F0 and F2



39/44


ACH values of each volume portion of both F0 and F2 floors, and the average ACH values associated to each whole floor.

FLOOR 0 FLOOR 2

DATE ACHV1 ACHV2 ACHV3Daily ACH

averageACHV1 ACHV2 ACHV3 ACHV4

Daily ACHaverage

3 DEC 0.11 0.14 0.05 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.29 0.37 0.204 DEC 0.06 0.07 0.46 0.25 0.09 0.06 0.19 0.25 0.135 DEC 0.26 0.31 0.47 0.37 - - - - -9 DEC 0.06 0.11 0.41 0.25 0.07 0.08 0.25 0.18 0.1315 DEC 0.20 0.24 0.03 0.17 0.08 0.08 0.21 0.24 0.117 JAN 0.23 0.19 0.36 0.25 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.14 0.098 JAN 0.21 0.30 0.40 0.29 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.03 0.0616 JAN 0.19 0.25 0.67 0.38 - - - - -20 JAN 0.25 0.20 0.33 0.25 0.09 0.1 0.2 0.07 0.1123 JAN 0.11 0.15 0.36 0.21 - - - - -27 JAN 0.24 0.15 0.47 0.33 0.11 0.1 0.23 0.26 0.1530 JAN 0.12 0.10 0.33 0.19 - - - - -2 FEB 0.16 0.15 0.25 0.19 0.12 0.1 0.14 0.06 0.103 FEB 0.27 0.30 0.43 0.32 0.12 0.09 0.25 0.13 0.134 FEB 0.27 0.32 0.43 0.35 0.27 0.21 0.16 0.2 0.225 FEB 0.26 0.28 0.85 0.52 0.19 0.18 0.27 0.3 0.226 FEB 0.19 0.16 0.42 0.29 0.12 0.08 0.18 0.26 0.1510 FEB 0.25 0.27 0.39 0.29 0.08 0.08 0.19 0.07 0.0917 FEB - - - - 0.15 0.13 0.2 0.23 0.1718 FEB 0.17 0.27 0.23 0.22 0.09 0.06 0.32 0.17 0.1319 FEB - - - - 0.06 0.08 0.28 0.33 0.1623 FEB - - - - 0.16 0.19 0.43 0.45 0.2724 FEB 0.51 0.58 0.92 0.72 0.36 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.3125 FEB - - - - 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.38 0.2927 FEB - - - - 0.11 0.12 0.2 0.19 0.145 MAR - - - - 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.0816 MAR 0.33 0.28 0.41 0.33 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.0923 MAR 0.27 0.28 0.16 0.24 0.12 0.06 0.29 0.36 0.1624 MAR 0.28 0.31 0.52 0.38 0.19 0.18 0.48 0.21 0.22

Average0.194ACHi

0.212ACHi

0.405ACHi

0.284ACHaver

0.123ACHi

0.113ACHi

0.228ACHi

0.221ACHi

0.157ACHaver


airair

N


1__



40/44


Values for each floor by means of both Eq. (1) and Eq. (2) and whole building Cvvalue.

FLOOR 0 FLOOR 1 FLOOR 2 FLOOR 3 BUILDING

Cv [kW/ºC] (Eq. (1)) 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.45

Cv [kW/ºC] (Eq. (2)) 0.11 ‐ 0.11 ‐ ‐


airair

N


1__

(1)

(2)



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2.5 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Summary of the results obtained with the modified ISO 9869-1 and Co-heating methods.

Modified ISO 9869‐1Time Interval 1

Modified ISO 9869‐1Time Interval 2

Modified CO‐HETINGDecember 2014‐March 2015

HLC [kW/ºC]

HLCcorrected[kW/ºC]

HLC [kW/ºC]

HLCcorrected[kW/ºC]

HLC [kW/ºC]

Sa.Vsol[kW/day]

FLOOR 0 0.96 1.05 1.05 1.13 1.52 7.58

FLOOR 1 1.45 1.63 1.48 1.64 1.51 5.76

FLOOR2 1.07 1.19 1.09 1.20 1.37 7.41

FLOOR3 1.27 1.40 1.29 1.40 1.39 5.37

BUILD* 4.75 ±0.42 5.27 ±0.53 4.92 ±0.55 5.37 ±0.64 5.79 ±0.49 26.12 ±1.31

BUILD** 4.78 ±0.42 5.30 ±0.53 4.95 ±0.56 5.40 ±0.66 5.30 ±0.39 23.62 ±1.14

Build*: whole building HLC obtained by the summation of the HLC values obtained floor by floor.Build**: whole building HLC estimated by using average data set values of the whole building



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2.5 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

HLC, Cv and UA values for each floor and for the whole building

HLC [kW/ºC]

Cv

[kW/ºC]UA

[kW/ºC]

FLOOR 0 1.52 0.11 7.28% 1.41 92.72%

FLOOR 1 1.51 0.11 7.49% 1.40 92.51%

FLOOR2 1.37 0.10 6.71% 1.38 93.29%

FLOOR3 1.39 0.13 9.32% 1.26 90.68%

BUILDING 5.79 0.45 7.82% 5.34 92.18%

A [m2]HLC

[W/ºC·m2]Cv

[W/ºC·m2]UA

[W/ºC·m2]

FLOOR 0 391.65 3.88 0.28 3.60

FLOOR 1 456.32 3.31 0.24 3.07

FLOOR2 604.61 2.27 0.17 2.28

FLOOR3 458.51 3.03 0.28 2.75

BUILDING 1911.09 3.03 0.24 2.79

HLC, Cv and UA values per unit area for each floor and for the whole building.

solav VSTCUAKQ solaVSTHLCKQ

HLC = UA + Cv



43/44

2.6 – CONCLUSION

•Need revision for mechanically ventilated buildings. Thusprogramming this method for HLC decoupling still needs furtherresearch.

•These methods can provide the in-use HLC, UA and Cv valuesthat could be used to obtain energy certificates of buildings in amore realistic way.

•They can also be used to compare the theoretical UA value of thebuilding against the in-use UA value to know if the construction hasbeen done as designed

• Decisions on were to act to improve the buildings energyperformance can be optimised



44/44

Thanks for you attention!

Dr. Aitor [email protected]

University of the Basque Country

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