wp5 - microbial metabolic activities cnrs dr 12 - lmm

WP5 - MICROBIAL METABOLIC ACTIVITIESCNRS DR 12 - LMM

BACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

* STRICT ANAEROBIC ACTIVITIES* Methane Production (MP)* Sulfate Reduction (SR)

* BACTERIAL PRODUCTION & ACTIVITY* Bacterial Production (BP)* Glutamate & Glucose Uptake* Enzymatic Activities

Contract EVK3-2000-00042

D. MARTY, J. GARCIN, C. TAMBURINI, A. BIANCHI

BIODEEP Meeting VIII VENEZIA 13-15 October 2003

MICROBIAL ACTIVITIESBIODEEP CRUISES 2001 & 2002

L’ATALANTE, BANNOCK, DISCOVERY, URANIA

* BRINES* INTERFACE (Seawater-Brine)

Seawater, Upper & Lower Interface (2001)

Along Interface (2002)* BRINES

Brines, Upper Brine, Heavy Brine (Urania)

* MUD PIT (Urania)

* SEDIMENT * OVERLAYING BRINE (or BOTTOM BRINE) * SEDIMENT (Levels A, B, C)

STRICT ANAEROBIC ACTIVITIES

* METHANE PRODUCTION (MP) CH4 produced (µmol/L)

* NATURAL MP & POTENTIAL MP * No Amendment & Pool of Substrates

* BIODEEP-3 CRUISE (2002)* MPR = Methane Production Rate* MP ± Sulfate Reduction inhibitor

(Molybdate)

* SULFATE REDUCTION SRR 35SH2 produced from 35SO4 (µmol/L/d)

* BIODEEP-3 CRUISE 2002* SR ± Methane Production inhibitor

(BES)

BACTERIAL PRODUCTION & ACTIVITIES

* BACTERIAL PRODUCTION (Biomass Production)

* Incorporation of 3H-Leucine* ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES BIODEEP-2 Cruise 2001

* Aminopeptidase * Phosphatase

* GLUTAMATE UPTAKE* Assimilation & Respiration of 14C-Glutamate

* GLUCOSE UPTAKE BIODEEP-3 Cruise 2002* Assimilation & Respiration of 14C-Glucose

L’ATALANTE

URANIA

L’ATALANTE

DISCOVERY

Discovered in 1993HypersalineS‰ ~10-times SWBrine layer homogeneousStratification T°C - 3 layers

UPPER INTERFACE 01LOWER INTERFACE 01

BODY BRINE 01 & 02

BOTTOM BRINE 01 & 02SEDIMENT LEVEL A 01 & 02SEDIMENT LEVEL B 01 & 02

SEAWATER

INTERFACE

BRINE

BOTTOM BRINE

SEDIMENT3390 m

3295 m

psu nM mM T°C S‰ CH4 SO4

13.84 39 2-6 31 13.82

13.91 400. 103 14.06 320 188. 103 333

40

m 3

0 m

1

6 m

NaCl dominant (180 g Cl/L)Potassium up to 390 mM

SW

L’ATALANTE BASINS‰, [CH4], MP & SR

Salinity S‰ (PSU)

Dissolved [CH4] (µM)

Methane Production Natural (µM CH4)

Methane Production Potential (µM CH4) Methane Production Rate (µM CH4/d)

Sulfate Reduction Rate (µM H2S/d)

0 200 400 600 0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150

INTERFACE

BRINE-01

BRINE-02

BOTTOM BRINESED-ASED-B

INTERFACE

BRINE-01

BRINE-02


S‰ & [CH4] MP nat & MP pot

SRR & MPR

INTERFACE

BRINE-01

BRINE-02


BANNOCK BASIN LIBECCIO

2 layers: Upper BrineLower Brine

UPPER INTERFACE 01LOWER INTERFACE 01INTERFACE 02

BODY BRINE 01 & 02

BOTTOM BRINE 01 & 02SEDIMENT-A 01 & 02SEDIMENT-B 02SEDIMENT- C 02

3778 db

3276 db

30

0 d

bar

14

0 d

bar

SEAWATER

INTERFACE 1

UPPER BRINE

BOTTOM BRINE

SEDIMENT

INTERFACE 2

LOWER BRINE

psu nM mM mM pH S‰ T°C CH4 H2S SO4

8.2 39 13.5 2-6 031

6.5 321 14.41 128.103 1.34 99

326 15.14 2.7 130

Bottom Brine 37.103

SW

BANNOCK BASIN LIBECCIO sub-basin S‰, MP, [CH4] & SR

Salinity S‰ (PSU)





Depth

(db)

3 340

3 345

588

0 100 200 300 400 0 50 100 150 0 20 40 60 80 100

INTER

FA

CE

BRINE-01

BRINE-02


INTER

FA

CE

BRINE-01

BRINE-02



SRR & MPR

Salinity S‰ (PSU)


Depth

(db

)

3 340

3 345

0 100 200 300 400


Methane Production Potential (µM CH4)

0 100 200 300

Salinity S‰ (PSU)


0 10 20 30 40 50

3 339

3 340

3 341

3 342

3 343

3 339

3 340

3 341

3 342

3 343

INTER

FAC

E S

W /

BR

INE

S‰ & [CH4]S‰ & [CH4] MP nat & MP

pot

BANNOCK BASIN INTERFACE SW / BRINE S‰, [CH4] & MP

DISCOVERY

Discovered in 1993-94 - Hypersaline Area = 7.5 km2 - Volume = 2 x 108 m3

Brine layer homogeneous

URANIA

L’ATALANTE

DISCOVERY

SW

psu nM mM mol/Kg S‰ pH CH4 SO4 Na Mg Cl 39 7.8 2-6 31 0.486 0.06 0.57

>120 4.5 36.103 85 0.008 5.15 10.15

SEAWATER

INTERFACE

BRINE

BOTTOM BRINE

SEDIMENT

3 516 m

3 533 m


BODY BRINE 01 & 02

SEDIMENT- A 01 & 02SEDIMENT-B 02SEDIMENT-C 02

DISCOVERY BASIN S‰, [CH4], MP & SR

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3 650

3 655

3 660

Dep

th (

db

)

Salinity S‰/10





320

INTER

FA

CE

SEAWATER

BRINE-01

BRINE-02

SED-ASED-BSED-C

INTER

FA

CE

SEAWATER

BRINE-01

BRINE-02

SED-ASED-BSED-C


SRR & MPR

DISCOVERY INTERFACE SW / BRINE S‰, [CH4] & MP

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

3 650

3 655

3 660

Dep

th (

db

)

Salinity S‰/10



Methane Production Potential (µM CH4)

Salinity S‰/10


3 652

3 653

3 654

3 655

3 656

3 657

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 2 4 6 8 10

3 652

3 653

3 654

3 655

3 656

3 657

INTER

FAC

E S

W /

BR

INE

S‰ & [CH4]


URANIA

Discovered in 1993 - 6 km longHypersaline S‰ ~5-8-times SWHorseshoe-shaped depression3 layers: Brine, Heavy Brine, Mud pit

QuickTime™ et un décompresseurPhoto - JPEG sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

WEST

EAST

MIDDLE

3714 m

80

- 2

00 m

3462 m

3850 m

SEAWATER

INTERFACE 1

BRINE

BOTTOM BRINE

SEDIMENT

HEAVY BRINE

INTERFACE 2

MUD PIT


EAST-BRINE 01WEST-BRINE 02

EAST-INTERFACE-2 02EAST-HEAVY BRINE 02

WEST-MUD PIT 02

BOTTOM BRINE 01SEDIMENT-A 01 & 02SEDIMENT-B 01 & 02

psu nM mM mM pH S‰ T°C CH4 H2S SO4

8.6 39 13.74 2-6 0 31

6.8 200 15.78 2692.103 10 85

210

45.3

SW

MUD PIT

URANIA BASIN S‰, [CH4], MP & SR

Dep

th (

db

)

0 250 500 750 1000 0 250 500 750 1000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

[CH4]/103 520

3 540

3 600

3 620

Salinity S‰ (PSU)

Dissolved [CH4]/10 (µM)

Methane Production Natural (µmol CH4/l)

Methane Production Potential (µmol CH4/l) Methane Production Rate (µmol CH4/l/d


INTERFACE-1

BRINE-01

BRINE-02

INTERFACE-2HEAVY BRINE

MUD PIT


INTERFACE-1

BRINE-01

BRINE-02

INTERFACE-2HEAVY BRINE

MUD PIT


1219 1797


SRR & MPR

URANIA BASIN INTERFACES S‰, [CH4] & MP

0 250 500 750 1000

Dep

th (

db

)

[CH4]/103 520

3 540

3 600

3 620

Salinity S‰ (PSU)


INTE

RFA

CE

SW

/ B

RIN

EIN

TE

RFA

CE-2

BR

INE

/ H

EA

VY B

RIN

E

S‰ & [CH4]

Methane Production Natural (µmol CH4/l)

Methane Production Potential (µmol CH4/l)

0 250 500 750 1000

3 606

3 608

3 610

3 612

3 614

3 616

Salinity S‰ (PSU)


0 500 1000 1500 2000

3 520

3 524

3 528

3 532

3 536

3 5400 100 200 300 400 500

3 520

3 524

3 528

3 532

3 536

3 540

0 250 500 750

3 606

3 608

3 610

3 612

3 614

3 616

MP nat & MP pot

SRR & MPR

L'ATALANTE, BANNOCK, DISCOVERY & URANIA S‰ & [CH4]

ATALANTE

BANNOCK

DISCOVERY

URANIA S‰

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

S‰ (psu)

[CH4]

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

[CH4] µM

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

[CH4] µM

[CH4]

BRINE

BOTTOMBRINE

INTER

FA

CE

L'ATALANTE, BANNOCK, DISCOVERY & URANIA

METHANE PRODUCTION

ATALANTE

BANNOCK

DISCOVERY

URANIA

MP = METHANE PRODUCTION µmol CH4 produced per liter

MP Natural : [CH4] µM

0 200 400 600 800 1000

MPR Natural : [CH4] µM/d

MPR = METHANE PRODUCTION RATE µmol CH4 produced per liter per day

0 50 100 150 200

BRINE

BOTTOMBRINE

SED-A

SED-B

SED-C

BRINE

BOTTOMBRINE

SED-A

SED-B

SED-C

INTER

FA

CE


METHANE PRODUCTION

ATALANTE

BANNOCK

DISCOVERY

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

MP Natural : [CH4] µM MPR Natural : [CH4] µM/d

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

MP = METHANE PRODUCTION µmol CH4 produced per liter


BRINE

BOTTOMBRINE

SED-A

SED-B

SED-C

BRINE

BOTTOMBRINE

SED-A

SED-B

SED-C

INTER

FA

CE

URANIA BASINMETHANE PRODUCTION ± INHIBITOR OF SR

MPR in the presence or absence of Molybdate

(inhibitor of SR)


Brine Brine MudPit Mudpit Sed-B Sed-B +MOB +MOB +MOB x 17 x 1.5 x 5.7

MPn

at:

CH

4 µ

M/l

0

50

100

150

200

250

300 without MOB

with MOB


SULFATE REDUCTION

0 25 50 75 100 125 150

SRR : H2S mM/d

ATALANTE

BANNOCK

DISCOVERY

URANIA

SRR : H2S mM/d

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

SRR = SULFATE REDUCTION RATE µmol H2S produced per liter per day

BRINE

BOTTOMBRINE

SED-A

SED-B

SED-C

INTER

FA

CE

INTERFACE

BRINE

BOTTOM BRINE

SEDIMENT-A

SEDIMENT-B

AMINO-PEPTIDASE ACTIVITY nmol produced per liter per hour

pmol/l/h

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

SW 3 000 mATALANTE

BANNOCK

DISCOVERY

URANIA

OXIC

PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY nmol produced per liter per hour

INTERFACE

BRINE

BOTTOM BRINE

SEDIMENT-A

SEDIMENT-B

pmol/l/h

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

SW 3 000 m


ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES

GLUCOSE UPTAKEpmol per liter per hour

SW

BRINE

BOTTOM BRINE

SEDIMENT-A

SEDIMENT-B

pmol/l/h1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Ligurian Sea 2000 m

ATALANTE

BANNOCK

DISCOVERY

URANIA

SW

GLUTAMATE UPTAKEpmol per liter per hour

SW

INTERFACE

BRINE

BOTTOM BRINE

SEDIMENT-A

SEDIMENT-B

pmol/l/h0.1 1 10 100 100010000 100000 1000000


GLUTAMATE & GLUCOSE UPTAKE


BACTERIAL PRODUCTION

BACTERIAL PRODUCTIONng C per liter per day

SW ATALANTE BANNOCK DISCOVERY URANIA0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Interface

Brine

SW 3000 m BACTERIAL PRODUCTION 2001

ng C per liter per day

DC = Samples DecompressedHP = Samples Ambient Pressure

SW ATALANTE BANNOCK DISCOVERY URANIA0

0.5

1

1.5

2Brine-DC

Brine-HP


EFFECT OF PRESSURE CONDITIONS ON BACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

AA = Aminopeptidase Activity

PA = Phophatase Activity

GLUT = Glutamate Uptake

BACTERIAL ACTIVITIESDC = Samples Decompressed

HP = Samples Ambient Pressure

DC

HP

0

10

20

3056.30

SEAWATER ATALANTE BANNOCK

AA GLUT AA AA PA GLUT

SEAWATER ATALANTE BANNOCK

CONCLUSIONS

* PRESENCE OF ACTIVE ARCHAEBACTERIA & BACTERIA IN THE DHABs

* INTERFACE* BRINES* SEDIMENT

* BACTERIA ADAPTED TO IN SITU CONDITIONS (HIGH PRESSURE, HIGH SALINITY, ANOXIA...) AS ACTIVITY IS HIGHER UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS THAN IN DECOMPRESSED SAMPLES

CONCLUSIONS

* GLOBALLY, IN THE DIFFERENT DHABs

SR L'ATALANTE > DISCOVERY > URANIA ≥ BANNOCK MP URANIA > BANNOCK ≥ L'ATALANTE > DISCOVERY

BA BANNOCK > URANIA > L'ATALANTE > DISCOVERY

AA BANNOCK > L'ATALANTE > URANIA > DISCOVERYPA BANNOCK > L'ATALANTE > URANIA > DISCOVERY

GLUT BANNOCK > L'ATALANTE > URANIA > DISCOVERYGLUC URANIA > DISCOVERY > L'ATALANTE > BANNOCK

wp5 - microbial metabolic activities cnrs dr 12 - lmm

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