worldwide categories€¦ · – $4m of capital saves 16 person-years of labor per year (2 shifts...
TRANSCRIPT
Worldwide Categories
• Europe
• Asia
• North America
• Developing nations
Page 2
Europe, Especially Northern Europe
• High labor cost
• Med-high land cost
• Early interest in automation
• Labor unions have generally accepted automation– Low unemployment – Long term population decline
• High interest in sustainable operations
• Historically used straddles, but early adapters of ASC operations
Page 3
Euromax Rotterdam
Asia
• High land cost
• Low labor cost
• Low interest in sustainability
• Most terminals are high density conventional operations (RTG) or cantilever RMGs
• Fuel cost is driving switch to ERTGs
Page 5
Port of Singapore
Page 6
Evergreen Kaohsiung, Taiwan
North America
• Med - high land cost
• High to very high labor cost (USWC especially)
• High interest in sustainability
• Very powerful unions that oppose automation
• High use of wheeled storage historically to reduce labor cost
• High interest in automation due to quick payback
Page 8
APMT Pier 400 Los Angeles
Page 9
APMT Norfolk
Developing Nations
• Med - high land cost
• Low labor cost
• Low interest in sustainability
• Weak or no unions
• Ports are often low volume and limited by water depth
• RTG or top-pick operations are common
• Little interest in automation, unless part of global operator portfolio
Page 11
TEU per Hectare (1 Ha = 2.47 acres)
Page 12
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Shan
ghai
Sing
apor
e
Hon
g K
ong
Shen
zhen
Dub
ai
Rot
terd
am
Port
Kla
ng
Ant
wer
p
Ham
burg
Los
Ang
eles
, CA
Tanj
ung
Pele
pas
Long
Bea
ch, C
A
Vanc
ouve
r
2010
TEU
/Ha
in T
hous
ands
* Includes 6M TEUs performed midstreams and at other wharves not included in total container terminal area
Lifts per Meter of Berth
Page 13
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Shanghai
Singapore
Hon
g Ko
ng
Shen
zhen
Dub
ai
Rotterdam
Port Klang
Antw
erp
Ham
burg
Los A
ngeles, CA
Tanjun
g Pe
lepas
Long
Beach, C
A
Vancou
ver
2010
TEU
/ Berth m
Automated Terminal Myth-busting
• They are higher capacity? - Storage density is about the same as conventional (RTG+ side-pick) operations
• They are more productive? – Dock crane productivity is no better than good manual terminals
• The are “Greener”? - Zero emission conventional terminals are possible with ERTGs and electric yard tractors
• So why automate? Two main advantages of automation:– Labor cost savings– Increased safety
Page 14
USWC Automation Issues
• Mix of greenfield and retrofit projects
• Phasing is important
• High rail fraction vs. low rail in Europe
• Ultra high density is not necessarily critical
• High labor costs make end-loaded systems appealing because horizontal transport can be automated
• Transport labor example– 3 autoshuttles replace 7 yard tractors (8 drivers incl. relief)– $4M of capital saves 16 person-years of labor per year (2 shifts per day)– @$150k/year cost per person year, $2.4M labor saved per year– 1.7 year break even on machines that last 15+ years
Page 15
TraPac Los Angeles Layout
ASCs either parallel or perpendicular to wharf2 ASCs per row
Thank You
Page 17
Contact Information
• Mark Sisson, PEAECOM2101 Webster Suite 1900Oakland CA, 94612Phone: 510-844-0549Email: [email protected] www.aecom.com
Page 18