World War Two

Section 1

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Section 1 Hitler’s Lightning War

Germany Sparks a New War

• Nonaggression Pact- Germany and Soviets become allies

1. Germany and Soviet Union agree to divide Poland

2. Soviet Union could take over Finland and Baltic nations (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)

Germany’s Lightning Attack

• Hitler launches invasion of Poland

• Britain, France declare war on Germany but Poland falls quickly

• Blitzkrieg—lightning war—Germany’s new military strategy

• Planes, tanks, infantry used to surprise enemy and quickly conquer

The Phony War

• French, British mobilize along French border, wait for German attack

• Many months of no action—the “phony war”

• In April 1940 Hitler attacks and quickly captures Denmark, Norway ( Marks end of Phony war

Fall Of France

• May 1940—Germany conquers Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg

• Soon after, German army reaches French coast

• June 1940—France surrenders to Germany

• Charles de Gaulle, French general, organizes opposition to Germany

Rescue at Dunkirk

• Allied forces retreat to Dunkirk, French city near Belgian border

• Britain sends 850 ships to the rescue

• May 26- June 4 over 300,000 soldiers rescued

Who do you believe Germanys next target will be?

Battle of Britain

• Winston Churchill – prime minister of Britain

• “We shall never surrender”

The Battle of Britain

• Winston Churchill—Becomes British prime minister, vows no surrender

• Germany plans invasion of Britain; begins with air attacks in 1940British use air force, radar, code-breaking to resist Germany

The Battle of Britain

• Battle of Britain—Air war over Britain that lasted until May 1941

• Stunned by British resistance, Hitler calls off attacks

Axis Forces Attack North Africa

• September 1940 Italy attacks British controlled Egypt

• Suez Canal – why is the canal important?

The War in North Africa

The British Strike Back

• December 1940—British attack and drive Italians back in North Africa

• Erwin Rommel, German general, battles British in North Africa

• In 1942, Rommel first retreats then succeeds against British

The War in the Balkans

• Hitler wants to build bases in SE Europe to launch an attack on USSR

• Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary join Axis

• April 1941 Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece both fall quickly

Hitler Invades Soviet Union

• Germany invades an unprepared Soviet Union in June 1941 (Operation Barbarossa)

• Soviet troops burn land as they retreat; (Scorched Earth Policy)

• Germans stopped at Leningrad, forced to undertake long siege

• Russians refuse to surrender

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Hitler Invades Soviet Union II• October 2, 1941 Moscow is attacked• “NO RETREAT!”• Germans lose 500,000 soldiers

The United States Aids Its Allies

• Most Americans want to avoid war

• Roosevelt fears that if allies fall, U.S. would have to fight

• He hopes to strengthen allies so they can resist Germany

• Lend-Lease Act—U.S. loans weapons to countries fighting Germany

• Roosevelt and Churchill meet, issue statement of principles

• Atlantic Charter—supports free trade, right to form own government

Japans Pacific Campaign

• Japans surprise attack brings the USA into WW2

Japans Pacific Campaign Japan and the U.S.

• United States believes Japanese are a threat to Philippines and Guam

• In 1941 Roosevelt cuts off oil shipments to Japan

• Japan had already attacked French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos

Japan and USA

• Admiral Isoroku Yamamato plans attack on U.S. fleet in Hawaii

• The attack on Pearl Harbor was intended to neutralize the U.S. Pacific Fleet, and hence protect Japan's advance into Malaya and the Dutch East Indies

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Day of Infamy – Dec. 7, 1941

Day Of Infamy – Dec. 7, 1941

• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor—U.S. naval base in Hawaii—on Dec. 7, 1941

• • U.S. declares war on Japan

• • Japan also attacks Hong Kong, Thailand, and other

• islands

NEXT

Japanese Victories

• Japanese attack Philippine Islands defended by • U.S., Filipino troops• Philippine islands fall to Japanese in 1942• Japan captures British holdings, including Hong Kong,

Singapore• Also conquers Dutch East Indies, rich in minerals• Capture of Burma threatens India, Britain’s main

possession in Asia• Japanese forces treat conquered peoples, prisoners of

war brutally

Bataan Death March I

The Bataan Death March began at Mariveles on April 10, 1942. Any troops who fell behind were executed. Japanese troops beat soldiers randomly, and denied the POWs food and water for many days. One of their tortures was known as the sun treatment. The Philippines in April is very hot. Therefore, the POWs were forced to sit in the sun without any shade, helmets, or water. Anyone who dared ask for water was executed. On the rare occasion they were given any food, it was only a handful of contaminated rice. When the prisoners were allowed to sleep for a few hours at night, they were packed into enclosures so tight that they could barely move. Those who lived collapsed on the dead bodies of their comrades. For only a brief part of the march would POWs be packed into railroad cars and allowed to ride. Those who did not die in the suffocating boxcars were forced to march about seven more miles until they reached their camp. It took the POWs over a week to reach their destination.

Bataan Death March II

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Bataan Death March III

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Allies Turn the Tide

• Battle of the Coral Sea

• Airplanes take off from aircraft carriers attack ships

• Allies stop Japan’s southward advance

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Midway

Coral Sea

Battle of Midway

• June 4, 1942 Admiral Yamamoto attacks American airfield at Midway Island

• Admiral Nimitz – commander of U.S. Pacific Fleet

• Turned the tide of the war towards the Allies

• U.S. destroys Japan’s naval fleet, Japan retreats

An Allied Offensive

• General Douglas MacArthur• “island-hop” strategy• is the crossing of an ocean

by a series of shorter journeys between islands, as opposed to a single journey directly to the destination. In military strategy, it is the method of conquering islands in a steady sequence, usually with a defined endpoint.

• “In war there is no substitute for victory.”