World War World War II: The Rise II: The Rise of Dictatorsof Dictators You need your You need your

copy of the copy of the Cornell Notes.Cornell Notes.

Analyze the Analyze the cartoon to the cartoon to the rightright

What do you What do you think the old think the old man is talking man is talking about?about?

How do you How do you think this is think this is related to the related to the rise of the rise of the dictators?dictators?

After WWIAfter WWIIn the two decades following World War I, a wave of

economic and political crises swept the globe. While many people spent the 1920s trying to cope with the uncertainties of the postwar world, by 1929 they suddenly faced a much greater problem.

That year, the stock market in the United States crashed. Because so many war-torn nations had come to depend on financial help from America, the stock market’s collapse triggered a worldwide economic depression that left millions around the globe jobless and hungry. In response to the turmoil, some nations turned to fascist dictators, who promised order and stability. Not content to merely rule a country, however, these dictators soon looked to conquer other lands.

•Millions become Millions become unemployed worldwide. unemployed worldwide. •Businesses go bankrupt.Businesses go bankrupt.•Governments take Governments take emergency measures to emergency measures to protect economies.protect economies.•Citizens lose faith in Citizens lose faith in capitalism and capitalism and democracy. democracy. •Nations turn toward Nations turn toward authoritarian leaders.authoritarian leaders.

Immediate EffectsImmediate Effects

• Nazis take control in Nazis take control in Germany.Germany.• Fascists come to Fascists come to

power in other power in other countries. (Italy)countries. (Italy)• Democracies try social Democracies try social

welfare programs. (US, welfare programs. (US, Great Britain)Great Britain)• Japan expands in East Japan expands in East

Asia.Asia.• World War II breaks World War II breaks

outout.• America attempts

neutrality.

Long-Term EffectsLong-Term Effects

The Great Depression

WorldwideWorldwideEconomicEconomic

DepressionDepression

• Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles and reparationsand reparations

• Countries had been Countries had been battlegroundsbattlegrounds

• Huge inflation took Huge inflation took place all over Europeplace all over Europe

• Lack of jobs in ItalyLack of jobs in Italy• The Italian Depression The Italian Depression • Italian loss of territoryItalian loss of territory

End of WWIEnd of WWI

Fascists Come to Power in Fascists Come to Power in ItalyItaly

• Italy in a deep financial Italy in a deep financial depression after WWIdepression after WWI

• Mussolini promised order and Mussolini promised order and prosperityprosperity

• Introduced “fascism”Introduced “fascism”• Fascism: characterized by Fascism: characterized by

dictatorship, centralized dictatorship, centralized control of private enterprise, control of private enterprise, repression of opposition, and repression of opposition, and extreme nationalismextreme nationalism

• Used “Black Shirts” to impose Used “Black Shirts” to impose his rule.his rule.

• Invades EthiopiaInvades Ethiopia• Makes a pact with HitlerMakes a pact with Hitler

SECTION 3

The Rise of Militarism

Hitler’s Rise to Power in Germany

Hitler’s views win him many

supporters.

The Nazi Party wins 40% of the vote in national

elections.

Hitler is appointed

chancellor of Germany

Hitler claims dictatorial

powers; Hitler crushes political

opposition.

Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Germany

• Weimar Republic politically Weimar Republic politically weak and unpopularweak and unpopular

• Huge inflationHuge inflation• Two revolutions against Two revolutions against

Weimar Republic. Once Hitler Weimar Republic. Once Hitler tried to seize power tried to seize power unsuccessfully. Went to jail.unsuccessfully. Went to jail.

• Huge inflation and Great Huge inflation and Great DepressionDepression

• Hitler forms Nazi Party, Hitler forms Nazi Party, promises reform, is elected promises reform, is elected as Chancellor in 1933as Chancellor in 1933

• Becomes dictator by 1934Becomes dictator by 1934

Hitler’s Third ReichHitler’s Third Reich

• Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all.Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all.• Huge public works programsHuge public works programs• Big business and labor under government Big business and labor under government

controlcontrol• Built up militaryBuilt up military• Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military

into the Rhinelandinto the Rhineland• Indoctrinated the youthIndoctrinated the youth• Hitler despised Christianity and began to Hitler despised Christianity and began to

close churches close churches • Jews were persecuted as enemies of the stateJews were persecuted as enemies of the state

Hitler’s Aggression to 1939Hitler’s Aggression to 1939

19361936March 1936 March 1936

Hitler marches troops into Hitler marches troops into the Rhinelandthe Rhineland

PacificPacific

April 1937 April 1937 Germany attacks Germany attacks Guernica, SpainGuernica, Spain

March 1938 March 1938 Germany invades AustriaGermany invades Austria

September 1938 September 1938 Germany invades Germany invades the Sudetenlandthe Sudetenland

Events of World War IIEvents of World War II

19371937

19381938

EuropeEurope

1937 1937 Japan invades ChinaJapan invades China

19311931Japan invades ManchuriaJapan invades Manchuria

19391939

Aug. 1939 Aug. 1939 Nonaggression pact between Nonaggression pact between

Germany and the Soviet UnionGermany and the Soviet Union

PacificPacific

Sept. 1939 Sept. 1939 Germany invades Germany invades

Poland; World War II Poland; World War II beginsbegins

May 1940 May 1940 Evacuation of British forces at Evacuation of British forces at

DunkirkDunkirkJune 1940 June 1940

France France surrenders; the surrenders; the Battle of Britain Battle of Britain

beginsbegins

Events of World War IIEvents of World War II

19401940

19411941

EuropeEuropeMarch 1939March 1939

Germany invades CzechoslovakiaGermany invades Czechoslovakia

December 1941Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. US declares war on Japan.

Europe at WAREurope at WAR

The Alliance System in 1942The Alliance System in 1942

Allied PowersAllied Powers• Great BritainGreat Britain• FranceFrance• USSRUSSR• United States United States

Axis Powers Axis Powers GermanyGermany ItalyItaly Japan Japan HungaryHungary