world war ii · russian civil war (1917 - 1921) civil war broke out in russia as opponents of lenin...
TRANSCRIPT
1939-1945
World War II
The Russian Revolution
WWI Caused Tremendous Hardships for Russia
and Czar Nicholas II
Revolution Broke Out In March 1917 and a
Provisional Government Was Established
The Russian Revolution
In November 1917,
Vladimir Lenin and the
Bolsheviks
(Communists) Seized
Power from the
Provisional Government
Lenin Promised "Peace,
Bread and Land“
“Tell them my story,
Comrade Rowe!”
Russian Civil War (1917 - 1921) Civil War Broke Out In Russia as
Opponents of Lenin and
Communism tried to Drive Lenin
from Power
Reds vs. Whites
15 Million Died
Lenin Used Brutal Means to Crush
All Opposition to the Revolution
Executed the Romanov Family as a
Symbol of Not Going Back
Leon Trotsky Organized the Red
Army and Defeated the Whites
Lenin's Reforms
1. Started To Rebuild the
Shattered Russian Economy
(New Economic Policy)
Distributes Land to Peasants
Farmers Sell Crops for Profit
Uses Capitalism to save
Communism
2. Changed the Name of Russia to
the Soviet Union (USSR)
3. Moved the Capital Back To
Moscow
“And then, I Died.”
Joseph Stalin After the Death of Lenin, Joseph
Stalin Won Control over the Communist Party over Leon Trotsky
Communist Party Comes To Vote (1% or Less)
Stalin Wins; He Assigned Jobs
Killed All Who Voted For Trotsky
Stalin Modernized the Soviet Union with the Five Year Plans USSR Industrialized Quickly As Steel
and Oil Production Quadrupled In Just 10 Years
Ordered All Peasants to Give Up Their Land and Form "Collective Farms"
The Soviet Union
"We are 100 Years behind the
West, We Must Catch up in 10
or We are Doomed“
Obey the Government without
Question
The Comintern Was an
Organization Established In
1919 to Spread Communism
around the World
"A Single Death Is A Tragedy,
But A Million Deaths Is A
Statistic." - Joseph Stalin
Fascism in Italy
After WWI, Italy Was In
Turmoil
Benito Mussolini Came To
Power in Italy Promising To
Restore Order
Mussolini Founded the Fascist
Party in Italy
Fascist Beliefs
Fascist Beliefs Communist Beliefs
1. Ultra-Nationalism 1. Internationalist
2. Denounced Communism and Democracy 2. Believe In Equality
3. Emphasis on Militarism
Black Shirts = Mussolini's Followers Who Went Around Beating
Up Communists
4. Totalitarian
Benito Mussolini In 1922 Mussolini and His Black
Shirts Marched On Rome and Seized Power
"I'll make the Trains Run on Time." - Mussolini
Mussolini Gave Himself the Title of "Il Duce" and Ruled as Dictator by 1923
Foreign Policy Was Aggressive as Italy Conquered Ethiopia in 1936
"Today It Is Us, Tomorrow It'll Be You" - Ethiopia's Response to the League of Nations
The Rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany
The Weimar Republic was the Government Established at the End of WWI
Weimar Republic And Democracy Were Blamed For:
1. Signing the Treaty of Versailles
2. Economic Problems for Germany Hyper-Inflation (Printed Money
= Dollar Became Worthless)
40% Unemployment Rate
3. Political and Social Unrest (Rampant Crime)
Adolf Hitler (1889 – 1945)
"The Creation of a Monster"
“Tell them my story,
Rowe”
Hitler Became the Leader of the Nazi Party (German Fascists) In 1921
Hitler Took the Title "The Fuhrer"
Hitler Attempted A Coup in Munich In 1923 "Beer Hall Putsch"
For The Coup, He Is Imprisoned
While In Prison, He Writes Mein Kampf = My Struggle
By 1932 The Nazi Party Was The Largest Political Party In The German Reichstag
In 1933, Hitler Received Emergency Powers And Made Germany A Totalitarian State And Made Himself Dictator
Hitler Called Germany The Third Reich
Adolf Hitler (1889 – 1945)
Hitler's Reforms 1. Helped The Economy To
Recover
2. Built Up The Army And Navy
3. Put People to Work
Germany was Strong and Prosperous again, and the People Thanked Hitler for this
Hitler also Persecuted the Jews
Militarism In Japan
With The World-Wide
Economic Depression,
Military Leaders Seized
Control In Japan
General Tojo And Admiral
Yamamoto
Japan Became A Totalitarian
Fascist State And Allied With
Germany And Italy As The
Axis Powers
In 1937, Japan Launched An
All-Out Invasion Of China
The Road To War
The Bloodiest War Ever (45 Million Die)
In 1936, Civil War Broke Out In
Spain Between Fascists And
Republicans
Germany And Italy Openly Help
The Spanish Fascists To Victory
Spain Was A Chance For Germany
To Test New Weapons And Tactics
In 1936, Hitler Marched His
Troops Into The Rhineland,
Which Was Supposed To Be A
Demilitarized Zone as per the
Treaty of Versailles
The Road To War In 1938, Hitler Annexed Austria
Hitler Next Demanded Part Of Czechoslovakia Called The Sudetenland
In Sept. 1938 The Munich Conference Was Held To Settle The Crisis
Germany Was Given The Sudetenland And Hitler Promised That He Had No More Territorial Claims In Europe
Six Months Later Hitler Took The Rest Of Czechoslovakia
Policy Of Appeasement = Making Concessions In The Hopes Of Avoiding War
The Road To War Hitler Next Demanded Parts
Of Poland In 1939
Great Britain And France
Announce Their Support For
Poland
Hitler Signed A Non-
Aggression Pact With Stalin To
Secretly Divide Up Poland
On Sept. 1, 1939 Germany
Invades Poland And Two Days
Later Great Britain And
France Declare War On
Germany
Early Victories For The Axis Powers
(1939 - 1942)
Germany Crushed Poland In Two Weeks, Germany Took Half Of Poland And The Soviet Union Took The Other Half
Germany's Style Of War = Blitzkrieg = Lightning War
By 1940, Stalin And The Soviet Union Had Taken Over Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia And Finland
For 6 Months After Poland Hitler Waited And Did Nothing = Phony War
In April 1940 Germany Conquered Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium And Luxembourg
Germany's Blitzkrieg Next Struck France And Conquered Them By June 1940
Blitzkrieg Effects
British Involvement
Hitler Made The Crucial Mistake Of Allowing 338,000
French And British Soldiers To Escape At Dunkirk
Winston Churchill Was The Inspirational Prime Minister Of
Great Britain During WWII Who Refused A Treaty With
Hitler
Battle Of Britain Was A Yearlong Air Battle For Supremacy
Over The Skies Of G.B.
600 a Day Die From German Bombing
G.B. Invented Radar and Used an Enigma Machine
Planes Lost: Germany = 2,300; Great Britain = 900
Winston Churchill
“We Will Never,
EVER, Surrender!!!”
Hitler Invades The Soviet Union In June
1941
The Soviet Union Followed A Scorched Earth Policy As They
Retreated And Burned Everything
“General Winter" Stopped The German Attack Just Outside
Of Moscow And Leningrad
USSR Lost 22.5 Million People In WWII
War In The Pacific
In 1937, Japan Launched An All-Out Invasion Of China
The U.S. Opposed Japanese Expansion In The Pacific And
Asia
Japanese Launched A Surprise Attack On Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii On Dec. 7, 1941
2,403 Died
America Declares War On Japan At The Request Of Franklin
D. Roosevelt
On December 11, 1941 Germany And Italy Declare War On
America
Japan won Early Victories in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor and FDR
Turning Point For The Allies (Nov. 1942)
Pacific = Battle Of Guadalcanal
America Will Defeat Japan And Go On
The Offensive
North Africa = Battle Of El Alamein
Great Britain Defeats Germany And
Goes On The Offensive
Russia = Battle Of Stalingrad
Soviet Union Defeats Germany And
Goes On The Offensive
D-Day and V.E. Day
D-Day - The Allied Invasion Of France, Largest Amphibious
Attack In History (June 6, 1944)
In Italy, Mussolini And His Wife Were Overthrown And Hung
Hitler Commits Suicide on April 30, 1945
V.E. Day - May 7, 1945
Dresden - German Town Where 125,000 Died By Fire Bombs
V.J. Day - August 14, 1945 Japan was Defeated When Atomic Bombs Were Dropped On
Hiroshima (August 6; 80,000 Died) And Nagasaki (August 9; 40,000 Died)
Japan Surrenders on August 14th
Aftermath Of The War
45 Million Are Dead = Half From The Soviet Union
6 Million Jews Died In The Holocaust = 13 Million Total in
Concentration Camps
Outcomes Of WWII
1. Soviet Union Occupied Eastern Europe
2. Germany Is Divided Into East And West For 45 Years
3. World Power Transferred From Western Europe To The
U.S. And Soviet Union
4. Nationalism Grows In The Colonies
5. The World Has Entered The Nuclear Age