WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II

Readings: Spodek, 696-723, Readings: Spodek, 696-723, 725-732725-732

JAPANESE BOMB PEARL JAPANESE BOMB PEARL HARBORHARBOR

► Sneak Attack on Sneak Attack on U.S Naval BaseU.S Naval Base

►Destroys planes Destroys planes and battleshipsand battleships

► Aircraft carriers Aircraft carriers out on out on maneuversmaneuvers

► Roosevelt: Day Roosevelt: Day of Infamyof Infamy

► Admiral Admiral Yamamoto: “We Yamamoto: “We have awakened have awakened a sleeping tiger”a sleeping tiger”

THE U.S. ENTERS WORLD WAR IITHE U.S. ENTERS WORLD WAR II

► December 7: Pearl December 7: Pearl Harbor BombedHarbor Bombed

► December 8: U.S. December 8: U.S. Declares War on JapanDeclares War on Japan

► December 10: Britain December 10: Britain Declares War on JapanDeclares War on Japan

► December 11: Hitler December 11: Hitler Declares War on the Declares War on the U.S.U.S.

► Italy Declares War on Italy Declares War on the United Statesthe United States

WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTSWORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS

► EUROPE: EUROPE: ► ALLIES:ALLIES:

ENGLAND, THE ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, SOVIET UNION, AND THE AND THE UNITED STATES UNITED STATES

► AXIS:AXIS:► GERMANY AND GERMANY AND

ITALYITALY

WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II COMBATTANTSCOMBATTANTS► ASIA:ASIA:► ALLIES:ALLIES:► UNITED UNITED

STATES, STATES, GREAT GREAT BRITAINBRITAIN

► AXIS:AXIS:► JAPAN AND JAPAN AND

GERMANYGERMANY

PROBLEM – SOVIET UNIONPROBLEM – SOVIET UNION

► Stalin Creating 2Stalin Creating 2ndnd

Superpower► 5 Year Plans – Rapid 5 Year Plans – Rapid

IndustrializationIndustrialization► Collectivization of Collectivization of

Agriculture – Increase Agriculture – Increase Productivity to Feed Productivity to Feed WorkersWorkers

► Great Terror –Great Terror – Forced Migration toForced Migration to

► SiberiaSiberia Does it make it Does it make it

possible to do things possible to do things not possible in not possible in DemocracyDemocracy

► U.S. – Fight war in U.S. – Fight war in Europe FirstEurope First Stakes Highest Stakes Highest Hitler Dominating EuropeHitler Dominating Europe

► Much of War Fought in Much of War Fought in North Africa (September North Africa (September 1940-May 1943)1940-May 1943) Mussolini wanted to Mussolini wanted to

reconstruct Roman reconstruct Roman Empire, invades EgyptEmpire, invades Egypt

Germany bales out Germany bales out MussoliniMussolini

U.S. contributes U.S. contributes tank tank forceforce under Gen. George under Gen. George PattonPatton► Patton defeats German Patton defeats German

General Erwin RommelGeneral Erwin Rommel

► U.S. Britain, Canada U.S. Britain, Canada invade Italy (July 10, invade Italy (July 10, 1943)1943)

►Mussolini forced to Mussolini forced to resign (July 25, resign (July 25, 1943)1943) Rescued by Hitler Rescued by Hitler

September 15, 1943September 15, 1943►Creates Salo Republic Creates Salo Republic

in Northern Italyin Northern Italy

►Much of European Much of European fighting in Italyfighting in Italy

BATTLE OF BRITAINBATTLE OF BRITAIN

►Massive BombingMassive Bombing Germans Target Germans Target

LondonLondon Britain Targets Britain Targets

German CitiesGerman Cities

► Civilian Casualties Civilian Casualties HighHigh Firebombing of Firebombing of

DresdenDresden

► RadarRadar► Enigma MachinesEnigma Machines

Hitler invades Soviet Union (June 22, Hitler invades Soviet Union (June 22, 1941)1941)

Germans Decide on Germans Decide on “Final Solution”“Final Solution”

Winter Threatens Winter Threatens German Troops in German Troops in RussiaRussia

Siege of MoscowSiege of Moscow Battle of StalingradBattle of Stalingrad

►Gen. Zhukov stops Gen. Zhukov stops Germans advance Germans advance (November 1942) – (November 1942) – major turning point major turning point of war in Europeof war in Europe

War in the PacificWar in the Pacific

► Japan invades Japan invades Philippines (January Philippines (January 2, 1942)2, 1942) Conquers most of Conquers most of

Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Many IslandsMany Islands

U.S., allies, have to U.S., allies, have to fight back island by fight back island by islandisland

MAKING PEACE OUT OF WARMAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR

► Moscow Conference Moscow Conference (October 19-November (October 19-November 1, 1943)1, 1943) U.S., Britain, Soviet U.S., Britain, Soviet

Union agree to form Union agree to form United NationsUnited Nations

► Tehran Conference Tehran Conference (November 28-(November 28-December 1, 1943)December 1, 1943) Open up Second FrontOpen up Second Front

► Europe’s Soft Europe’s Soft Underbelly: Eastern Underbelly: Eastern Europe (Churchill)Europe (Churchill)

► FranceFrance Ultimately – Normandy Ultimately – Normandy

Landing – D-Day June Landing – D-Day June 6, 19446, 1944

WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTSWORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS

► EUROPE: EUROPE: ► ALLIES:ALLIES:

ENGLAND, THE ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, SOVIET UNION, AND THE AND THE UNITED STATES UNITED STATES

► AXIS:AXIS:► GERMANY AND GERMANY AND

ITALYITALY

MAKING PEACE OUT OF WARMAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR► Yalta Conference Yalta Conference

(February 1945)(February 1945) Germany to be Disarmed Germany to be Disarmed

and Denazifiedand Denazified German Leaders to be German Leaders to be

Tried as War CriminalsTried as War Criminals Each power would Each power would

occupy part of Germanyoccupy part of Germany Soviet Union could Soviet Union could

collect Reparationscollect Reparations United Nations would be United Nations would be

formedformed Agreed Soviets could Agreed Soviets could

supervise elections in supervise elections in Romania, Bulgaria, Romania, Bulgaria, HungaryHungary

Agreed to divide Korea at Agreed to divide Korea at 3838thth Parallel – if Soviets Parallel – if Soviets declared war on Japandeclared war on Japan

END OF WAR IN EUROPEEND OF WAR IN EUROPE► Roosevelt dies (April Roosevelt dies (April

12, 1945)12, 1945) Harry Truman becomes Harry Truman becomes

U.S. PresidentU.S. President

► German Divisions in German Divisions in Italy Resign (April 28, Italy Resign (April 28, 1945)1945)

► Mussolini and Mistress Mussolini and Mistress Killed by Anti-FascistsKilled by Anti-Fascists

► Battle of Berlin (May 1, Battle of Berlin (May 1, 1945)1945) Hitler and new wife Eva Hitler and new wife Eva

Braun commit suicideBraun commit suicide

V-E Day in Europe (May 8, V-E Day in Europe (May 8, 1945)1945)

POTSDAM CONFERENCE (JULY 17-AUGUST 2, POTSDAM CONFERENCE (JULY 17-AUGUST 2, 1945)1945)

► Truman, Truman, Churchill/Atlee, Churchill/Atlee, Stalin confirm Yalta Stalin confirm Yalta AgreementAgreement

► Truman announces Truman announces U.S. secret weaponU.S. secret weapon

Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)

SOVIETS DECLARE WAR ON SOVIETS DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN (AUGUST 8, 1945)JAPAN (AUGUST 8, 1945)

► Soviets invade Soviets invade Korea, ManchuriaKorea, Manchuria

U.S. DROPS ATOMIC BOMB ON U.S. DROPS ATOMIC BOMB ON NAGASAKI (AUGUST 9, 1945)NAGASAKI (AUGUST 9, 1945)

JAPAN SURRENDERS (AUGUST JAPAN SURRENDERS (AUGUST 10, 1945)10, 1945)

WORLD WAR II ENDS/COLD WAR WORLD WAR II ENDS/COLD WAR BEGINS (SEPTEMBER 2, 1945)BEGINS (SEPTEMBER 2, 1945)

► Korea Divided at Korea Divided at 3838thth Parallel Parallel

►Germany DividedGermany Divided► ““Iron Curtain” Iron Curtain”

Descending Upon Descending Upon EuropeEurope

►Nuclear Arms RaceNuclear Arms Race

COLD WAR IN EUROPECOLD WAR IN EUROPE

► Fear of Communism in Fear of Communism in Greece, Italy, and Greece, Italy, and FranceFrance

► Fear of Revival of Fear of Revival of Fascism in GermanyFascism in Germany July 1947 – Marshall PlanJuly 1947 – Marshall Plan April 1949 – Creation of April 1949 – Creation of

NATO (North Atlantic NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Orga1nization) Treaty Orga1nization)

August 29, 1949 – August 29, 1949 – Soviets detonate Atomic Soviets detonate Atomic BombBomb

1955 – Soviets form 1955 – Soviets form Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

October 4, 1957 – October 4, 1957 – Soviets launch SputnikSoviets launch Sputnik

European UnionEuropean Union