World War IIJapanese Colonization

“War is suicide.”- Jerome Crab Halfway through the Commonwealth,

attaining liberty was disrupted by WWII

The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937,but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939

Allied vs. Axis PowersCommanders and leaders

Allied leaders Joseph Stalin

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Winston Churchill

Chiang Kai-shek

Axis leaders Adolf Hitler

Hirohito

Benito Mussolini

Timeline 11 Nov. 1941 – Quezon and Osmena

reelected

8 Dec. 1941 – after Pearl Harbor bombing, Japan attacked the Philippines; MacArthur retreated to Bataan

20 Dec. 1941 – Quezon and War Cabinet moved to Corregidor

Timeline 26 Dec. 1941 – MacArthur declares Manila

an open city virtually surrendering it to Japanese forces

The attacking armies of the opposing military will then be expected not to bomb or otherwise attack the city, but simply to march in. The concept aims at protecting the historic landmarks and civilians who dwell in the city from an unnecessary battle.

Timeline 28 Dec. 1941 – Filipino and US armies

retreated to Bataan

30 Dec. 1941- Quezon and Osmena took their oath of office inside the Corregidor Tunnel

2 Jan. 1942 – Japanese forces entered Manila

Timeline 3 Jan. 1942 – Japanese Commander-in-

Chief Masaharu Homma proclaimed end of US occupation; imposed martial law; declared that Japanese Imperial Forcs was to emancipate the Philippines

-Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- Japanese program to unite Asia against the west

Timeline 17 Feb. 1942- Japan issued order for the

Phils. To adopt the Japanese educational system: propagation of Filipino culture, teaching of Nipongo, diffusion of vocational and elementary education, and promotion of love for labor

20 Feb. 1942- Quezon and the War Cabinet left for US

Timeline 11 March 1942 – MacArthur was asked

to leave for Australia

13 March 1942- Commonwealth govt moved to US

29 March 1942 – Luis Taruc organized Hukbalahap

Timeline 9 April 1942 – Death March; painful trek

of 36,000 US and Filipino soldiers and guerillas without food and water; those who reached Pampanga were taken to Capas concentration camp

6 May 1942- Corregidor surrendered to Japan; 12,000 Filipino and US soldiers taken as prisoners of war

Timeline 14 Oct 1943- Puppet govt inaugurated;

Pres. Jose Laurel took oath of office

Nov. 1943 – Philippine economy collapsed; shortage of rice became serious

May 1944-Green Revolution Movement

Timeline 21 Sept 1944- US raided Manila; pressed

Laurel to declare war against US

20 Oct 1944- Gen. MacArthur landed in Palo, Leyte accompanied by Pres. Sergio Osmena and US troops

23 Oct. 1944-US declared Tacloban, Leyte as temporary capital of the Philippines

Timeline 8 Dec. 1945- Benigno Ramos organized

the Makapili, a spy network of Filipinos fighting for Japan

4 Feb. 1945- US troops entered Manila; bloodbath

24 Feb. 1945-Battle of Manila ended; Japan surrendered to US