World War IIWorld War II

Allies v. Axis PowersAllies v. Axis Powers

►AlliesAllies Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance Soviet Union Soviet Union

(after 6/1941)(after 6/1941) U.S. (after U.S. (after

12/1941)12/1941) Plus many smaller Plus many smaller

European nationsEuropean nations

►Axis Axis PowersPowersGermanyGermanyItalyItalyJapanJapan

Causes of Causes of U.S.U.S. entering entering WWIIWWII

Military Support of Allies -Neutrality Act and Lend-Lease allow US to supply Britain with war goods

German Sub Attacks on US naval destroyers while escorting British ships

Japanese Imperialism – US economic sanctions against Japan to protest aggression

US Enters WWII December 8, 1941

December 7, 1941Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor              ►       Japan was working on expanding empire Japan was working on expanding empire

throughout the Pacificthroughout the Pacific

► The U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan to try The U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan to try and deter Japan from invading countriesand deter Japan from invading countries

  ►U.S. was able to intercept and break Japan's U.S. was able to intercept and break Japan's

secret codessecret codes  ► Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor - Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor -

sent the message on a slower telegram (by sent the message on a slower telegram (by accident) to warn U.S. Navy about attack accident) to warn U.S. Navy about attack

Battle of the AtlanticBattle of the Atlantic ►1939 – 1945 (Jan. 1942 – July 1943 were 1939 – 1945 (Jan. 1942 – July 1943 were

decisive)decisive)►German U-Boats were sinking German U-Boats were sinking

unprotected U.S. and other Allies' unprotected U.S. and other Allies' merchant ships merchant ships

►Allies began using convoys to protect Allies began using convoys to protect shipsships

►The Allies also used a sonar system to The Allies also used a sonar system to detect German U-Boatsdetect German U-Boats

Warmup Quiz 3.15Warmup Quiz 3.15

►1. What factors led the 1. What factors led the Germans to follow Adolph Germans to follow Adolph Hitler?Hitler?

►2. How did Hitler get power 2. How did Hitler get power legally?legally?

►3. What was Kristallnacht?3. What was Kristallnacht?

Homework for MondayHomework for Monday

►Read 550-555Read 550-555►Answer # 4, 6, 8 and Answer # 4, 6, 8 and “Quickwrite”“Quickwrite”

"The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that really frightened me" - Winston Churchill.

Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad ((June 1941 – January 31, 1943)June 1941 – January 31, 1943)

►Germans violated nonaggression pact Germans violated nonaggression pact with Soviet Union and attackedwith Soviet Union and attacked

►Hitler hoped to captured Soviet oil Hitler hoped to captured Soviet oil fieldsfields

►Germans nearly won (controlled 9/10 Germans nearly won (controlled 9/10 of the city)of the city)

►Winter of 1943 hitWinter of 1943 hit

Battle of Stalingrad cont…Battle of Stalingrad cont…►Hitler forced Germans to stay putHitler forced Germans to stay put

► Soviets used to their advantage and wonSoviets used to their advantage and won

► Soviets lost 1,100,000 people in this battleSoviets lost 1,100,000 people in this battle

► Turning point in WWIITurning point in WWII

► From that point on, Soviet army began to From that point on, Soviet army began to move westward towards Germanymove westward towards Germany

Normandy Invasion (D-Day)Normandy Invasion (D-Day)

►June 6, 1944June 6, 1944►During this time, Soviet Union was During this time, Soviet Union was

pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italypushing North in Italy

►3 million ally troops to attack3 million ally troops to attack

ENGLAND

FRANCE

Normandy InvasionNormandy InvasionD – DayD – Day

60 mile of beach60 mile of beach156,000 troops156,000 troops4,000 landing craft4,000 landing craft600 warships600 warships11,000 planes11,000 planes

►Largest land-sea-air operation in Largest land-sea-air operation in historyhistory

►Omaha beach known as one of the Omaha beach known as one of the most brutal areasmost brutal areas

►Approximately 6,000 US casualties Approximately 6,000 US casualties during invasionduring invasion

►By the end of the of the entire By the end of the of the entire Normandy Campaign, nearly Normandy Campaign, nearly 425,000 Allied and German troops 425,000 Allied and German troops were killed, wounded, or missing.were killed, wounded, or missing.

Saving Private Ryan Saving Private Ryan – –

D Day: June 6, 1941D Day: June 6, 1941From 0:00 to 22:00From 0:00 to 22:00

http://viooz.eu/movies/153-saving-private-ryan-1998.htmlhttp://viooz.eu/movies/153-saving-private-ryan-1998.html

Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge►Last gasp of NazisLast gasp of Nazis - - December 16, 1944December 16, 1944

►German tanks broke through German tanks broke through American lines (80 mile front)American lines (80 mile front)

►120 American GIs captured and 120 American GIs captured and mowed down by SS machine guns mowed down by SS machine guns and pistolsand pistols

►200,000 total killed200,000 total killed

Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference

►Took place February 1945 before Took place February 1945 before WWII was overWWII was over

►Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in Yalta in the Soviet Union to met in Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss post WWIIdiscuss post WWII

►Set up United NationsSet up United Nations

Yalta – “The Big 3”Yalta – “The Big 3”

April 12, 1945

The end of HitlerThe end of Hitler

►April 30, 1945 April 30, 1945 Hitler and Eva Hitler and Eva Braun commit Braun commit suicide suicide (gun shot and (gun shot and cyanide)cyanide)

►Bodies burned in Bodies burned in streetstreet

► Cover of Time Cover of Time magazine May 7, 1945magazine May 7, 1945

V-E DayV-E Day

► May 8, 1945May 8, 1945

► General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third ReichReich

  ► V-E day = Victory in Europe dayV-E day = Victory in Europe day  ► 11stst part of War was over part of War was over  

PotsdamPotsdam► July – August 1945July – August 1945

►Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee) and Stalin met in Potsdam, Atlee) and Stalin met in Potsdam, GermanyGermany

►Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regimeand eliminate the Nazi regime

Potsdam ContinuedPotsdam Continued

►Divided Germany into 4 sections (occupied by Divided Germany into 4 sections (occupied by France, Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union)France, Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union)

► Berlin to be divided up in East (or Soviet Berlin to be divided up in East (or Soviet Germany)Germany)

► Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi leaders leaders

► Japan must “unconditionally surrender”Japan must “unconditionally surrender”

Potsdam, GermanyPotsdam, Germany

Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials

► International tribunal court tried Nazi International tribunal court tried Nazi officialsofficials

►Over 23 nations tried Nazi war Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germanycriminals in Nuremberg, Germany

►12 of the 22 defendants were 12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to deathsentenced to death

►200 other officials were found guilty, 200 other officials were found guilty, but give lesser sentencesbut give lesser sentences

Battle of the Coral SeaBattle of the Coral Sea ►Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning

every battle and taking over the Pacificevery battle and taking over the Pacific►May 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan May 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan

from invadingfrom invading►Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were

able to stop Japan invasion for the first timeable to stop Japan invasion for the first time►U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping

technique to weaken Japan’s forcestechnique to weaken Japan’s forces

Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway

► June 1942June 1942

►U.S. intercepted Japanese codeU.S. intercepted Japanese code

►U.S. launched surprise attack against U.S. launched surprise attack against Japan at Pacific island called MidwayJapan at Pacific island called Midway

►U.S. was successful in the Battle of U.S. was successful in the Battle of MidwaMidwayy

Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway

►Japanese Japanese losses: 4 losses: 4 carrierscarriers

►a heavy cruisera heavy cruiser►3 destroyers3 destroyers►275 planes275 planes►4,800 men4,800 men

American Losses:1 Carrier150 planes307 men

Iwo JimaIwo Jima

► Island in the Pacific that was critical Island in the Pacific that was critical for U.S. winfor U.S. win

►March 1945March 1945►27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima►U.S. wonU.S. won

26,800 Japanese troops died26,800 Japanese troops died 6,000 U.S. Marines died6,000 U.S. Marines died

Battle of OkinawaBattle of Okinawa

► June 22, 1945June 22, 1945

► Japan’s last defensive strongholdJapan’s last defensive stronghold

► Japan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacksJapan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacks

► 110,000 Japanese troops died110,000 Japanese troops died

► 7,600 - 12,500 U.S U.S. troops died7,600 - 12,500 U.S U.S. troops died

► U.S. wonU.S. won

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project

► 200,000 Japanese died due to the Atomic 200,000 Japanese died due to the Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasakibombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

► HiroshimaHiroshima August 6, 1945August 6, 1945 ““Little Boy”Little Boy” In 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dustIn 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dust

► NagasakiNagasaki August 9, 1945August 9, 1945 ““Fat Man”Fat Man” Leveled half of the cityLeveled half of the city

V-J DayV-J Day

►August 15, 1945: Japan offers August 15, 1945: Japan offers unconditional surrenderunconditional surrender

►September 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory September 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory in Japan Day (Formal surrender)in Japan Day (Formal surrender)

U.S. Occupation of JapanU.S. Occupation of Japan

►Similar trials held for Japanese war criminalsSimilar trials held for Japanese war criminals

►7 out of 28 leaders were found guilty and 7 out of 28 leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death (including Tojo)sentenced to death (including Tojo)

►U.S. occupied Japan for 6 years under the U.S. occupied Japan for 6 years under the direction of General Douglas MacArthurdirection of General Douglas MacArthur Called for a New Constitution (w/ free elections and Called for a New Constitution (w/ free elections and

women suffrage)women suffrage) Introduced a free market economyIntroduced a free market economy