World War II

I. American Involvement in WWII

1. FDR recognizes Soviet Union2. Neutrality Acts3. Neutrality Act 1935: No U.S. weapons to any

“belligerent” nation4. 2nd Neutrality Act 1936: No U.S. $ to any nation at

war5. 3rd Neutrality Act: Previous laws permanent; no

passengers on warring ships1. “Cash-and-carry”

6. Destroyers for bases

II. FDR Prepares

1. 1938begins to prepare2. Isolation or Intervention?3. Selective Service Actages 21-354. 1940FDR elected to 3rd term5. 4 Freedoms

1. Speech2. Religion3. From want4. From fear

FDR Prepares (cont’d)

6. Lend-Lease Act: Britain gets U.S. war materials

7. Atlantic Charter1. Self-determination2. Free trade

8. 1940- Sel.Ser.males 18-65

III. Wartime Mobilization

1. 260,000 women enlisted2. Women’s Army Corps

3. Women Appointed for Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES)

4. Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squandron5. Office of War Mobilization6. Unemployment vanishes

Wartime Mobilization(cont’d)

7. Price Administration8. Economic Stabilization

1. Price floors/ceilings2. Tax code3. Rationing

Wartime Mobilization(cont’d)

9. Americans savedhelp spending after the war

10. Nation debt ↑ $200 bill.11. War bonds12. OWI (Office of War Information)

IV. Women and Minorities During Wartime

1. “Rosie the Riveter”2. Women earned2/3 of male salary.

Women and Minorities During Wartime (cont’d)

3. Afr.-Am. move to industrial centers4. Race riots

5. Mex. Am.-return under bracero Program6. Nat. Am.- enlisted;

a. Navajo Code Talkers

Bracero Program

V. Japanese

Japanese (cont’d)

1. 100,000 Japanese Am. relocated; citizens2. Executive Order 90663. Fear that Japanese-American citizens might

turn on the U.S.4. Only 30% foreign born5. Korematsu v. United States, 1944

VI. Diplomacy and Conferences

Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d)

1. Big Three: FDR, Churchill, Stalin2. Casablanca, Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam3. 1943, Casablanca

1. Invade Sicily2. “Unconditional Surrender”

4. Nov. 1943—Tehran1. Seeds of D-Day sown2. Stalin declare war against Japan

Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d)

5. 1st disagreements6. Stalin wanted a “buffer zone”7. Churchill wanted a free Europe8. Feb. 1945, Yalta

1. Stalin agreed to go to war w/Japan in 90 days2. Free Eastern Europe w/free elections3. “Skeleton” of the UN4. Germany divided into 4 zones

Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d)

9. April 12, 1945—FDR dies10. Potsdam Conference (Post-Nazi defeat)11. Truman, Atlee, Stalin12. Unconditional Surrender of Japan; war-

crimes tribunals; occupation of Germany13. Much disagreementbrink of a breakup