World War IIWorld War II1939-19451939-1945

The BeginningThe Beginning

Before World War II desperate and Before World War II desperate and hungry people in Europe were hungry people in Europe were handing over their lives and liberties handing over their lives and liberties to ruthless dictators.to ruthless dictators.

1.) Italy1.) Italy

1923 – Benito Mussolini and his 1923 – Benito Mussolini and his fascists marched on Rome.fascists marched on Rome.

Took control of the government, Took control of the government, abolished democracy, destroyed the abolished democracy, destroyed the liberties of the Italian people.liberties of the Italian people.

Based on the promise of jobs and Based on the promise of jobs and glory. glory.

2.) Japan2.) Japan Japan attacked Manchuria Japan attacked Manchuria

(northeastern China)(northeastern China) 2 reasons:2 reasons:

– 1.) ease overcrowding1.) ease overcrowding– 2.) open new markets for its growing 2.) open new markets for its growing

industryindustry Coal, Oil, IronCoal, Oil, Iron

By 1940, Japan controlled By 1940, Japan controlled almost all of Eastern China.almost all of Eastern China.

U.S. places embargo on oil and U.S. places embargo on oil and steel in Chinasteel in China

3.) Germany3.) Germany 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes German 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes German

Chancellor.Chancellor. The Nazi Party is in controlThe Nazi Party is in control

The Rise of Adolf Hitler: The Rise of Adolf Hitler: Facts:Facts:

Was not German (Austrian)Was not German (Austrian) High School drop outHigh School drop out Wanted to become an artist Wanted to become an artist

– Failed the admission examination for the Failed the admission examination for the art academy in Vienna twice.art academy in Vienna twice.

• Lived on charity and sold postcards Lived on charity and sold postcards to make money for food. ( German to make money for food. ( German landscapes)landscapes)

• World War I joined German army World War I joined German army • After the war he began to organize After the war he began to organize

the Nazi Partythe Nazi Party

The Nazi PartyThe Nazi Party

Joined German Workers Party in 1920 Joined German Workers Party in 1920 (30 years old)(30 years old)

Hitler changed the name in 1920 to Hitler changed the name in 1920 to include National Socialist German include National Socialist German Workers Party, in short Nazi.Workers Party, in short Nazi.

Joined the party with 54 membersJoined the party with 54 members– Hitler was member 555 (Members Hitler was member 555 (Members

started at 500 to make it look bigger)started at 500 to make it look bigger) By end of 1920, 3,000 members.By end of 1920, 3,000 members.

Nazi PartyNazi Party

National Socialistic German Workers’ National Socialistic German Workers’ PartyParty

NaNationalsotionalsozizialistische Deutsche alistische Deutsche ArbeiterArbeiterparteipartei

Purpose:Purpose: 1.) Lead Germany to World Power1.) Lead Germany to World Power 2.) Exterminate the Jews2.) Exterminate the Jews

– Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s defeat in World War I.defeat in World War I.

““At one time the Spartans were capable of such a At one time the Spartans were capable of such a wise measure, but not our present, mendaciously wise measure, but not our present, mendaciously sentimental, bourgeois patriotic nonsense. The rule sentimental, bourgeois patriotic nonsense. The rule of six thousand Spartans over three hundred and of six thousand Spartans over three hundred and fifty thousand Helots was only thinkable in fifty thousand Helots was only thinkable in consequence of the high racial value of the consequence of the high racial value of the Spartans. But this was the result of a systematic Spartans. But this was the result of a systematic race preservation; thus Sparta must be regarded as race preservation; thus Sparta must be regarded as the first Völkisch State. The exposure of the sick, the first Völkisch State. The exposure of the sick, weak, deformed children, in short, their weak, deformed children, in short, their destruction, was more decent and in truth a destruction, was more decent and in truth a thousand times more humane than the wretched thousand times more humane than the wretched insanity of our day which preserves the most insanity of our day which preserves the most pathological subject, and indeed at any price, and pathological subject, and indeed at any price, and yet takes the life of a hundred thousand healthy yet takes the life of a hundred thousand healthy children in consequence of birth control or through children in consequence of birth control or through abortions, in order subsequently to breed a race of abortions, in order subsequently to breed a race of degenerates burdened with illnesses.degenerates burdened with illnesses.„„—Adolf —Adolf Hitler,Hitler,

Mein KampfMein Kampf My Struggle or My BattleMy Struggle or My Battle 800 pg book written in prison800 pg book written in prison Germans were the “master” raceGermans were the “master” race

Described 2 creations by the Jews that Described 2 creations by the Jews that made cowards out of the Germansmade cowards out of the Germans– 1.) Democracy1.) Democracy

EqualityEquality

– 2.) Christianity2.) Christianity LoveLove

Outlined his plan for world domination.Outlined his plan for world domination.

RebuildingRebuilding

ActionAction 1936 Germany 1936 Germany

takes the Rhinelandtakes the Rhineland 1938 Germany 1938 Germany

annexed Austriaannexed Austria 1938 Germany 1938 Germany

demands the demands the Sudentenland Sudentenland (Western Czech)(Western Czech)

ReactionReaction No responseNo response

No responseNo response

Munich Conference Munich Conference 1938 1938

Munich ConferenceMunich Conference

19381938 Hitler met with leaders from France and Hitler met with leaders from France and

BritainBritain France and Britain agreed to give France and Britain agreed to give

Germany the Sudetenland.Germany the Sudetenland. Hitler promises to end German Hitler promises to end German

expansion.expansion. Giving aggressive nations what they Giving aggressive nations what they

wanted in order to avoid war is known wanted in order to avoid war is known as as appeasement.appeasement.

““Peace for our time”Peace for our time”

Soviet poster of 1930-s by Soviet poster of 1930-s by Kukryniksy showing Western powers giving Hitler showing Western powers giving Hitler

Czechoslovakia on a dish. Inscription in the Czechoslovakia on a dish. Inscription in the flag:"On towards the East!"flag:"On towards the East!"

Benito Mussolini of of Fascist Italy (left) (left) and and Adolf Hitler of of Nazi Germany..

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

1937, a poll showed that 70 percent of 1937, a poll showed that 70 percent of Americans thought the U.S. should not Americans thought the U.S. should not have entered World War I.have entered World War I.

1930’s books argued the U.S. was 1930’s books argued the U.S. was dragged into World War I by greedy dragged into World War I by greedy bankers, arms dealers. (Merchants of bankers, arms dealers. (Merchants of Death)Death)

After World War I the U.S. adopted a policy of After World War I the U.S. adopted a policy of Isolationism. (The United States should avoid Isolationism. (The United States should avoid alliances and agreements with other nations.) alliances and agreements with other nations.)

Neutrality ActsNeutrality Acts

Anti war feeling was so strong Girl Anti war feeling was so strong Girl Scouts changed color of uniform from Scouts changed color of uniform from khaki to green to appear less khaki to green to appear less militaristic.militaristic.

To prevent U.S. involvement in another To prevent U.S. involvement in another war – U.S. signs Neutrality Acts.war – U.S. signs Neutrality Acts.

Neutrality Acts of 1935,1936 and 1937Neutrality Acts of 1935,1936 and 1937– 1.) banned transportation or sale of arms to 1.) banned transportation or sale of arms to

nations at war.nations at war.– 2.) banned loans to nations at war.2.) banned loans to nations at war.

The War BeginsThe War Begins

September 1, 1939 – Germany September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland.invades Poland.

2 days later France and Great Britain 2 days later France and Great Britain declare war on Germany.declare war on Germany.

By the end of 1940, Britain was By the end of 1940, Britain was running out of moneyrunning out of money

Signals U.S. is preparing for Signals U.S. is preparing for WarWar

1.) Summer 1940 – 11.) Summer 1940 – 1stst peacetime peacetime draft in U.S. History.draft in U.S. History.

2.) Roosevelt was elected for 32.) Roosevelt was elected for 3rdrd time.time.

3.) March 1941 Congress passes the 3.) March 1941 Congress passes the lend-lease act.lend-lease act.

Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act

The U.S. would lend or lease Great The U.S. would lend or lease Great Britain any supplies in needed to Britain any supplies in needed to defeat Germany.defeat Germany.

The supplies would be returned or The supplies would be returned or replaced after the war.replaced after the war.

$51 Billion in aid$51 Billion in aid 45 countries45 countries

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

1940 – Japan joins Nazi Germany and 1940 – Japan joins Nazi Germany and Fascist ItalyFascist Italy

The U.S. refused to abandon China The U.S. refused to abandon China and demanded Japan withdraw.and demanded Japan withdraw.

Aerial view of Pearl Harbor, Aerial view of Pearl Harbor, Ford Island in in center. The center. The Arizona memorial is the small is the small white speck on the far right side close to white speck on the far right side close to

Ford Island.Ford Island.

Satellite View of Pearl Satellite View of Pearl Harbor Harbor

Battleship RowBattleship Row

The AttackThe Attack

Just before 8:00 a.m. on Sunday Just before 8:00 a.m. on Sunday December 7, 1941.December 7, 1941.

11stst wave of Japanese planes wave of Japanese planes numbered 191.numbered 191.

22ndnd wave numbered 170 wave numbered 170 Greatest disaster in American Greatest disaster in American

Military HistoryMilitary History

The AftermathThe Aftermath

150 warplanes destroyed150 warplanes destroyed 94 ships, 8 battleships, 3 cruisers and 94 ships, 8 battleships, 3 cruisers and

3 destroyers were put out of action.3 destroyers were put out of action. 70+ civilians and 2300 servicemen die.70+ civilians and 2300 servicemen die. Next day, Roosevelt asks congress to Next day, Roosevelt asks congress to

declare war on Japan.declare war on Japan. Three days later Germany and Italy Three days later Germany and Italy

declare war on U.S. declare war on U.S.

A Japanese photo taken during the aerial torpedo A Japanese photo taken during the aerial torpedo attack on "Battleship Row" on the far side of Ford attack on "Battleship Row" on the far side of Ford

Island. A torpedo has just struck USS West Island. A torpedo has just struck USS West

Virginia (center).Virginia (center).

A captured Japanese photo showsA captured Japanese photo showsBattleship Row under attack.Battleship Row under attack.

Hickam Field burns in the distance Hickam Field burns in the distance

Fighter Combat Units (Mitsubishi A6M Zeros) Fighter Combat Units (Mitsubishi A6M Zeros) preparing to take off from preparing to take off from aircraft carrier Shokaku

for Pearl Harborfor Pearl Harbor

USS Pennsylvania, behind the , behind the wreckage of the wreckage of the USS Downes and and USS

Cassin.

Japans responseJapans response

Admiral Yamamotto stated, “ I fear Admiral Yamamotto stated, “ I fear all we have done is to awaken a all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and filled him with a sleeping giant and filled him with a terrible resolve.”terrible resolve.”

The USS Shaw explodes during The USS Shaw explodes during the Japanese air raid. the Japanese air raid.

The The USS Arizona sinking during the attack sinking during the attack

on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941.on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941.

The The ArizonaArizona is both a tomb and is both a tomb and a memorial. a memorial.

The "tears of the The "tears of the ArizonaArizona" " (visible oil slick in foreground, (visible oil slick in foreground,

2005)2005)

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt President Franklin Delano Roosevelt delivers his "Day of Infamy" speech to delivers his "Day of Infamy" speech to

Congress on December 8, 1941.Congress on December 8, 1941.

C:\Documents and Settings\greenet\My Documents\My Music\infamyspeech.wavC:\Documents and Settings\greenet\My Documents\My Music\infamyspeech.wav

Propaganda poster Propaganda poster issued by the issued by the United States United States Office of War Office of War Information, 1942. Information, 1942.

Poster Poster commemoratingcommemoratingthe attack, 1942 the attack, 1942

ControversyControversy

The difference between Fascism and The difference between Fascism and Communism.Communism.– Fascist allow private business Fascist allow private business

ownership, while Communist states did ownership, while Communist states did not allow private ownership.not allow private ownership.

Economic Effects of World War Economic Effects of World War IIII

1.) Rationing1.) Rationing– Regulating consumer use Regulating consumer use

Let’s Beat The Pans Off The Let’s Beat The Pans Off The NazisNazis

2.) War Production Board2.) War Production Board– Agency shifted American automobile Agency shifted American automobile

industry to make tanks, trucks, and industry to make tanks, trucks, and aircraft.aircraft.

– Regulated spending and production, Regulated spending and production, helped to reduce the potential for helped to reduce the potential for economic catastrophe after the close of economic catastrophe after the close of World War II World War II

3.) Women in labor 3.) Women in labor forceforce– Percentage of Percentage of

women in labor women in labor force roseforce rose

– 30% in 1940 to 30% in 1940 to 38% in 194538% in 1945

– ““Rosie the Riveter” Rosie the Riveter” was a popular was a popular song.song.

– 1/3 of women had 1/3 of women had children under 14children under 14

– ““latch key kids”latch key kids”

4.) Paying for the war4.) Paying for the war– Taxes paid for 40% of the costsTaxes paid for 40% of the costs

1. Income tax introduced – taxes were 1. Income tax introduced – taxes were automatically deducted from workers’ pay automatically deducted from workers’ pay checkcheck

2. Loans – including war bonds by the public2. Loans – including war bonds by the public

5.) Deficit Spending5.) Deficit Spending– Government attempts to stimulate Government attempts to stimulate

economic recovery by spending more economic recovery by spending more than it collects in revenues.than it collects in revenues.