world war i what caused it? how was it fought? what were the results? what was the impact on the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World War I
What caused it?
How was it fought?
What were the results?
What was the impact on the home front?
![Page 2: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. European Origins
• Hopes for a world order of peace and progress by 1914
• Competitive Nationalism
• Entangling Alliances
• A Growing Arms Race
• General Mobilization Theory
--The German “Schlieffen Plan”
![Page 3: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I. European Origins (cont.)
• A series of International Crises (1905-1914)
• Pan-Slavic nationalism and the Assassination in Sarajevo
• Europe tumbles into war
![Page 4: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II. American Response to the Outbreak of WWI
• Traditional policy of isolationism
• Most Americans did not believe this was our fight
• Split loyalties among the American people
• Factors pushing US toward involvement
![Page 5: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
III. Possible Explanations for US Involvement in WWI
• “Tricky” British propaganda sucked us into the war
• Desire to protect American investments in Britain and France
• US economy tied in a significant way to the economies of Britain and France
• The significance of International Law and American neutrality rights
• American desire to shape the future peace of Europe
![Page 6: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IV. The Issue of International Law and American Neutrality Rights
• What is international law?• Wilson’s advocacy of
international law• Both British and Germans
violated US neutrality rights
• Difference between British and German violations
• Inherent violations of International law with German submarines
![Page 7: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
V. Steps Toward US Entrance into World War I
• Falaba torpedoed (March, 1915)
• Conflict between Wilson and William Jennings Bryan
• Lusitania sunk (May, 1915)
• Wilson’s response
![Page 8: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
V. Steps Toward US Entrance into WWI (cont.)
• British ship Arabic sunk (August, 1915)• German “Arabic Pledge”• No response to US offer to negotiate a peace• French ship Sussex torpedoed (March, 1916)• Wilson’s “Sussex Pledge”• Growing US preparedness movement• Wilson wins the presidential election of 1916
-- “He kept us out of the war”
![Page 9: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
VI. A Desire to Shape the Peace
• Wilson calls for “peace without victory”
• The horror of WWI made a negotiated peace an impossibility
• In order to “make the world safe for democracy”, Wilson wanted to be included in the peace talks after the war
![Page 10: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
VII. American Entry into the War
• Germans pursue unlimited submarine warfare (February, 1917)
• Zimmerman telegram (February 25, 1917)
• Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war (April 2, 1917)
![Page 11: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
VIII. A Fundamentally Different War
• Early fighting• The development of trench
warfare• Deadly frontal assaults
-- “Going over the top”-- “The Race with death”-- “No Man’s Land”--cavalry officers killed first--the role of the machine gun
![Page 12: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
VIII. A Fundamentally Different War (cont.)
• Daily Life of the WWI soldier
• “Industrial Death”• Use of poison gas
--Chlorine, phosgene and mustard gases
• Battles of attrition• The changing
atmosphere of war
![Page 13: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
IX. The Role of American Troops in WWI
• By 1917, the Allied cause was desperate
• US contribution to Allied naval strategy
• Few expected US soldiers to make much difference in the war
• American troops prevented an Allied defeat
• AEF kept separate from European troops
• Fight in Russia after the war
![Page 14: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
X. The Treaty of Versailles
• Wilson’s Fourteen Points• Wilson decided to go to
Paris himself• Wilson’s mixed reception
in Europe• Wilson alienated
Republicans back home• Specific terms of the
Versailles Treaty--League of Nations--War Guilt Clause
![Page 15: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
X. Treaty of Versailles (cont.)
• Republican opposition to the Treaty-- “irreconciliables”-- “reservationists”
• Other opposition to the Treaty
• Wilson’s speaking tour to defend the Treaty
• Failure to ratify the Treaty• Failure to join the League
of Nations
![Page 16: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
XI. The Impact of the War at Home
![Page 17: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A. Economic Mobilization
• Food as a weapon of war• 60% of costs funded through
liberty bonds• Stock prices and GNP rose
dramatically• Partnership between business
and government• US Railroad Administration• National War Labor Board• Food and Fuel
administrations• War Industries Board
![Page 18: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
B. Emotional Mobilization
• Perceived “need” for emotional mobilization
• Creation of the Committee on Public Information (CPI)--George Creel
• Dual goals: inspire patriotism and hate for the enemy
• Evolution of a culture of hatred
![Page 19: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
B. Emotional Mobilization
• The Espionage Act (1917)
• The Sedition Act (1917)
--U.S. v. “The Spirit of 1776”
--Schenck v. U.S.
• Why these acts if there was little opposition to the war?
• Hard to turn off the hate when the war ended
![Page 20: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
C. Impact of the War on American Culture
• Fashions and novelties coming out the War--Chanel #5--wrist watches--cigarettes
• New Slang Phrases-- “Germs”-- “Dud”-- “Rats”-- “Gas Attack”
![Page 21: World War I What caused it? How was it fought? What were the results? What was the impact on the home front?](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649c725503460f949240bf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
XII. The Immediate Aftermath of the War
• International Flu Epidemic (1918-1919)
• Unusually high death toll among young adults
• Economic transition from war to peace
• General labor unrest• Racial Friction