The War AbroadWORLD WAR 1

M.A.N.I.A.

MilitarismAlliances (Secret and Entangling)

NationalismImperialism

Assassination

CAUSES OF THE GREAT WAR

Policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war.The armies were huge! Had never seen armies this big

before.

MILITARISM

CountriesStanding Armies & Reserves inAugust 1914

MobilizedForces in1914-18

Russia 5,971,000 12,000,000France 4,017,000 8,410,000Great Britain 975,000 8,905,000Italy 1,251,000 5,615,000United States 200,000 4,355,000Germany 4,500,000 11,000,000Austria-Hungary 3,000,000 7,800,000Turkey 210,000 2,850,000

ALLIANCES: BEFORE THE WAR

ENTANGLING ALLIANCES

A country’s firm and excessive belief in its own economic, cultural and military supremacy. Think jingoism

NATIONALISM

IMPERIALISM

Arriving in Sarajevo Minimal Security

ASSASSINATION

The Assassination Funeral

THE BLACK HAND STRIKES

THE DOMINOES FALLThe Great War Begins

Austria Blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia

Germany Pledged their support for Austria-Hungary

Russia pledged their support for Serbia

DOMINO EFFECT

Germany declares war on Russia

France pledges their support for Russia

Germany declares war on France

Germany invades Belgium on the way to France

Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany

DOMINO EFFECT

Germany must strike fast and hard at France. Belgium is in the way

OPENING MOVES

GERMANY INVADES FRANCE, AUGUST 20, 1914

First battle of British and French together against the Germans.

• British and French under heavy fire from long-range German artillery.

• German army still outside of the range of the Allied forces

• Allied forces retreat for two weeks and 120 miles to the river Marne on the

outskirts of Paris.

BATTLE OF MONS, AUGUST 23, 1914

• First time air reconnaissance and radio intercepts used in a major conflict

• French learned position of German army and called for reserves from Paris

• Soldiers were racing to the front using anything with wheels.

• Requisitioned taxis and buses. First extensive use of motorized transport.

• 5 Day Battle, force Germans to retreat

FIRST BATTLE OF THE MARNE

First Trenches dug September 15, 1914. Battle of Movement on the Western Front is over.

THE ARMIES DIG IN

TRENCHES

Picture taken in 2011 of the trenches along the Somme River

BIG BERTHA

Flamethrowers• Took two men to operate the first models

INVENTIONS OF WAR

CHEMICAL WEAPONS

British invented the tank. The Mark IV was the first widely used model

TANKS

• Germany continued to sink American merchant vessels in the Atlantic despite Wilson’s warnings.

• Wilson asked Congress for authority to arm merchant ships in 1916 and a filibuster was used to block the approval

GERMAN U-BOATS

ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM

ZIMMERMAN DECODED

America joins the war in April of 1917.

HERE COMES THE YANKS

• Germans needed to focus all efforts on one front and had one short season to win the war before the Americans joined

• Invented “Stosstrupp” tactics – Shock troopers. Small bands of men that could operate independently of the main army. Highly maneuverable and fast.

• Spring 1918, Germany’s last effort. MUST defeat the British and French before Americans reinforce.

SMALL WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY

• Germans find weak point in British line west of Cambrai. • March 21, 1918• Germans start bombardment of British at 4:40am• Constant bombardment for 5 hours. 3000 shells launched per

minute• At 9:40 am – the war of movement begins again after 3 years.

German infantry emerge from their trenches and Stosstrupp tactics begin.

• They advance through a fog and overrun the British. Took them by complete surprise.

• Advance 10 miles the first day• Advance another 10 miles the second and third days• 90,000 British POWs in 3 days

LUDERNDORFF OFFENSIVE

LUDENDORFF OFFENSIVE

• Germans put Paris in the Cross hairs of their Krupps cannon and shell Paris

• First few days were such a huge success, Germans thought the war was basically over

…….Almost• Strosstrupp are cut off from supply lines and are starving• The reach Amiens……don’t continue……They start to loot

food and discipline falls apart• German Advance stops at Albert and Amiens• Forces the Allies to name one single general for ALL allied

forces on March 26, 1918. General Foch

LUDERNDORFF BREAKS DOWN

• Americans reach the Western Front by the end of March. Bring men, weapons and supplies for the crumbling Allied forces.

• Last German offensive launched July 15th 1918. Huge losses.

• French hit back on the Marne and defeat the Germans.• Between March and July of 1918, Germany loses one

million men in battle• Allies continue to push Germans back through out the

summer• Final surrender is November 11, 1918

END OF THE WAR

Country -Not all listed

Total Mobilized Forces

Killed Wounded MIA / POW Total Casualties

Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000

Great Britain 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235

France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800

Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000

U.S. 4,355,000 116,516, 204,002 4,500 323,018

Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558

Total 65,038,810 8,528,831 21,189,154 7,750,919 37,466,904

FINAL NUMBERS

He answered…….There are two reasons why we lost the war

LUDDENDORFF WAS ASKED WHY GERMANY LOST THE

WAR….