world town planning day 2006 - convention proceedings

270

Paper 7

Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia

CLEAN UP THE INNER CITYCLEAN UP THE INNER CITYROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYPP ROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYPP

UPGRADING OF EXISTING UTILITY UPGRADING OF EXISTING UTILITY

ROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYPP ROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYPP

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271Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia

International ConventionWorld Town Planning Day 2006

UPGRADING OF EXISTING UTILITY UPGRADING OF EXISTING UTILITY

NEW TELEPHONE NEW TELEPHONE INSTALLATION INSTALLATION


UPGRADING OF EXISTING UTILITY UPGRADING OF EXISTING UTILITY STREET FURNITURESTREET FURNITURE



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POCKET GARDENS IN THE CITYPOCKET GARDENS IN THE CITY


UPGRADING OF EXISTING UTILITY UPGRADING OF EXISTING UTILITY STREET FURNITURESTREET FURNITURE





FACILITIES FOR HANDICAPPED FACILITIES FOR HANDICAPPED


SOFTSCAPESOFTSCAPEROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYPP ROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYROJECT & PROGRAMMES IN THE CITYPP


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TRISHAW PARKING & TAXI PARKINGTRISHAW PARKING & TAXI PARKING


LIGHTLIGHT--UP BACK LANEUP BACK LANE





UPGRADING EXISTING HAWKERS STALLUPGRADING EXISTING HAWKERS STALL

““DEEPAVALI” NATIONAL CELEBRATIONDEEPAVALI” NATIONAL CELEBRATION



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““RAMADHAN BAZAAR”RAMADHAN BAZAAR”



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ACHIEVEMENTACHIEVEMENT


PROMENADE PLAZA

OCKET GARDENSOCKET GARDENSP P OCKET GARDENSOCKET GARDENSP P




LEITH STREET


TAMAN TIRAM



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PANGKOR ROAD

KAMPUNG BARU ROAD GURDWARA ROAD

MACALISTER ROAD


SULTAN AHMAD SHAH ROAD

IN FRONT OF ISLAND HOSPITAL





TOPIARY GARDEN, CORDRINGTON HIGHWAY


LAMAN MUTIARA (IN FRONT OF GOVERNOR’S RESIDENCE)

TOWN HALL



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1. Vacant land (no building structure)

2. Vacant land (partly occupied by buildings)

3. Idle land / dilapidated houses

4. Abandoned development

5. Polluted area (require treatment)

ISSUES ON PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT IN INNER CITY AREA

ISSUES ON PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT ISSUES ON PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT IN INNER CITY AREAIN INNER CITY AREA

(Source: Study on identification of land development in ‘brownfield’ areas for the purpose of redevelopment, 2003)

MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF PENANG ISLAND, MALAYSIAMUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF PENANG ISLAND, MALAYSIAPENANG ISLAND, MALAYSIA

RBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS IN INNER CITY AREARBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS IN INNER CITY AREAUU RBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS IN INNER CITY AREARBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS IN INNER CITY AREAUU

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPPP :PPP : PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPPP :PPP :

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A) PROPOSAL: PLANNING PERMISSION APPLICATION TO DEMOLISH EXITING STORES AND CONSTRUCTING A MIXED DEVELOPMENT COMPRISES :

• 1 BLOCK OF 9 STOREYS SERVICE APARTMENT (72 UNITS)

• 1 BLOCK OF 3 TO 4 STOREYS HOTEL (94 ROOMS) WITH 3 STOREYS BASEMENT CAR PARKS

• 2 BLOCKS OF 5 TO 9 STOREYS COMMERCIAL BUILDING WITH 1 BASEMENT

B) LOCATION: LOT 9, 136, 137, 283 & 284, SECTION 23, WELD QUAY AND BEACH STREET, GEORGETOWN, DTL, PULAU PINANG

CASE STUDY 1: PIER HUBCASE STUDY 1: PIER HUBCASE STUDY 1: PIER HUB


LOCATION PLAN

KEY PLAN

PROPOSED SITE


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SITE PLAN

PELAN DASAR PERANCANGAN & KAWALAN PEMAJUAN MPPP [No.Pelan : MPPP/PN-020(PL/PP)(F1/96)]

Perniagaan Am

Kegunaan Keagamaan / Kebudayaan

Tanah/Proj Kerajaan/Utiliti & Infrastruktur Awam

Tempat Letak Kereta

Jalan Sediada

PETUNJUK

JPB/PM/4652

N

Lebuh P

antai

Pengkalan W

eld

Gat Lebuh GerejaGat Lebuh China

2839

137

284 282

136

286287

285299

230

280

281

291

290

JPB/PM/4652

PELAN DASAR PERANCANGAN & KAWALAN PEMAJUAN MPPP [No.Pelan : MPPP/PN-020(PL/PP)(F1/96)]

Perniagaan Am

Kegunaan Keagamaan / Kebudayaan

Tanah/Proj Kerajaan/Utiliti & Infrastruktur Awam

Tempat Letak Kereta

Jalan Sediada

PETUNJUK

JPB/PM/4652

N

Lebuh P

antai

Pengkalan W

eld

Gat Lebuh GerejaGat Lebuh China

2839

137

284 282

136

286287

285299

230

280

281

291

290

JPB/PM/4652




GAT LEBUH CINAPROPERTY BELONGS TO THE CORPORATION OF RAILWAY ASSET

PROPOSED TO BE THE MAIN GATEWAY

AERIAL VIEW TOWARDS THE MARINA AND FERRY JETTY

OVERALL VIEW OF ‘PIER HUB’ PROJECT


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EVENING LIGHTING

VIEW OF THE HOTEL COURYARD TOWARDS ‘TANJUNG CITY MARINA’

A) PROPOSAL: PLANNING PERMISSION APPLICATION FOR CONTRUCTING A MIXED DEVELOPMENT COMPRISES:

• 1 BLOCK OF 11 STOREYS OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING

• TOWER 1: 1 BLOCK 20 STOREYS APARTMENT (416 UNITS)

• TOWER 2: 1 BLOCK 21 STOREYS APARTMENT (358 UNITS)

• TOWER 3 & 4: 2 BLOCK 25 STOREYS OFFICE BUILDING

• TOWER 5: 1 BLOCK OF 25 STOREYS HOTEL (450 ROOMS)

• 1 BLOCK OF 2 STOREYS COMMERCIAL AREA AND 1 STOREY SUB-BASEMENT CAR PARK

B) LOCATION: LOT 96, 98, 101, 145, 146, 150, 159, 160, 163, 278, 279, 735-767, SECTION 10, GEORGETOWN, DTL, PULAU PINANG

CASE STUDY 2: PENANG TIMES SQUARECASE STUDY 2: PENANG TIMES SQUARECASE STUDY 2: PENANG TIMES SQUARE





LOCATION PLAN KEY PLAN


PROPOSED SITE

Pelan Dasar Perancangan & Kawalan Pembangunan MPPP[No. Pelan : MPPP/PN-020 (PL/PP)(F1/96)]

PROPOSED SITE

Pelan Dasar Perancangan & Kawalan Pembangunan MPPP[No. Pelan : MPPP/PN-020 (PL/PP)(F1/96)]


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Type of Brownfield Area : Escoy smelting siteType of redevelopment : Shopping Complex (Times Square)

TOWER 3 & 4 – 1 Block of25 storeys office building

TOWER 5 – 1 Block of 25 storeys hotel (450 rooms)

TOWER 2 – 1 Block of21 storeys apartment (358 units)

TOWER 1 – 1 Block of20 storeys apartment (416 units)

TOWER 6 – 1 Block of2 storeys cmmercial building

Podium Open Space 18528.28 m.sq.

Podium Open Space 25279.30 m.sq.

APPROVED PROPOSAL




PROJECT OF BAITUMAL AND WAKAF LAND DEVELOPMENT OF PENANG STATE ISLAMIC

RELIGIOUS COUNCIL (MAINPP)

CASE STUDY 3: MALAY ENCLAVECASE STUDY 3: MALAY ENCLAVECASE STUDY 3: MALAY ENCLAVE

In 2001 MAINPP planned to develop its land within the

Georgetown Conservation Area

BUSINESS CONCEPT OF MALAY ENCLAVE AREABUSINESS CONCEPT OF MALAY ENCLAVE AREA

Health product

Tourism product

Education product

Economic product

Services product

Spiritual activity centre



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TYPE OF BUSINESS WITHIN THE PROJECT CONCEPTTYPE OF BUSINESS WITHIN THE PROJECT CONCEPT

•Islamic banking•Foreign currency exchange

Financial related business5.

•Restaurant •Bistro

Halal food business/meeting centre

4.

•Traditional attire•Muslim Attire•Bridal boutique

Handicraft and boutiques 3.

•Hospital•Pharmacy•Traditional herbs shop

Health related business2.

•‘Software’ shop•Spare parts and computer repair shop

‘IT’ based business1.

EXAMPLETYPE OF BUSINESSNO.

•Islamic banking•Foreign currency exchange

Financial related business5.

•Restaurant •Bistro

Halal food business/meeting centre

4.

•Traditional attire•Muslim Attire•Bridal boutique

Handicraft and boutiques 3.

•Hospital•Pharmacy•Traditional herbs shop

Health related business2.

•‘Software’ shop•Spare parts and computer repair shop

‘IT’ based business1.

EXAMPLETYPE OF BUSINESSNO.

JENIS PERNIAGAAN YANG BERSESUAIAN DENGAN KONSEP

JENIS PERNIAGAAN YANG BERSESUAIAN DENGAN KONSEP

•Heritage buildingIslamic Heritage and Tourism8.

•Gold & Jewelry Business •‘Budget hotel’•‘Flea market’

Others9.

•Reference book network •Religious Book Store•Tuition Centre •Iqra’ Classes

Education related business7.

•24 hours Convenient Store(PUZ )

24 hours business 6.

CONTOH PERNIAGAANJENIS PERNIAGAANBIL.

•Heritage buildingIslamic Heritage and Tourism8.

•Gold & Jewelry Business •‘Budget hotel’•‘Flea market’

Others9.

•Reference book network •Religious Book Store•Tuition Centre •Iqra’ Classes

Education related business7.

•24 hours Convenient Store(PUZ )

24 hours business 6.

CONTOH PERNIAGAANJENIS PERNIAGAANBIL.




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MasjidMasjidMelayuMelayu

MasjidMasjidKapitanKapitanKelingKeling

‘‘MALAY ENCLAVE’ AREAMALAY ENCLAVE’ AREA

((LebuhLebuh Buckingham, Buckingham, JlnJln. . MasjidMasjid KapitanKapitanKelingKeling, , LebuhLebuh CarnavonCarnavon, , LebuhLebuh Campbell, Campbell,

LebuhLebuh AchehAcheh, , LebuhLebuh ChuliaChulia))MasjidMasjidAlimsahAlimsahWaleyWaley

MasjidMasjidNagoreNagore

AERIAL VIEW OF ‘MALAY ENCLAVE’AERIAL VIEW OF ‘MALAY ENCLAVE’AERIAL VIEW OF ‘MALAY ENCLAVE’



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PACKAGE 1B – MAINPP TREATMENT CENTRE

PACKAGE 1C – BUSINESS PREMISES




MASJID BENGGALIMASJID BENGGALI

APARTMENT AT LEBUH CHULIA 56 UNIT (825 sq. ft.)APARTMENT AT LEBUH CHULIA 56 UNIT (825 sq. ft.)


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ONCLUSIONONCLUSIONCCPENANG NEEDS EVERYBODY’SCOMMITMENT AND EFFORT TO

IMPLEMENT ALL THE PLANSIN CREATING A MORE

SUSTAINABLE & LIVEABLESUSTAINABLE & LIVEABLE

INNER CITY AREA

“

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TERIMA KASIHTERIMA KASIH

MPPPMPPPMPPPMPPPMPPP


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Dr. Goh Ban Lee

COLUMNIST FOR THE SUN NEWSPAPER,RETIRED ASSOC. PROFESSOR IN THE SCHOOL OF

SOCIAL SCIENCES,UNVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

MALAYSIA

PLANNING LIVEABLE CITIES IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF NON-COMPLIANCE


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Abstract

PLANNING LIVEABLE CITIES IN ANENVIRONMENT OF NON-COMPLIANCE

Malaysian cities are generally vibrant and successful theatres for the creation of wealth and generators of dreams. Despite the appearance of being packed to capacity, they continue to attract new comers, including foreign entrepreneurs and workers as well as home-grown rural poor the not-so-poor from smaller towns. But in the context of liveable cities or cities of choice for work, bringing up families and having a life, they are not at the top of the international chart. There is no lack of town planning. There is also no lack of visions. Many municipal leaders have vision of ‘garden cities’, ‘sustainable cities’, ‘cultural cities’, ‘historical cities’, and ‘Islamic cities’. Yet there are flesh floods, traffic jams, illegal changes of land and building use and haphazard development plans. Many incidences of non-compliance can be attributed to what social scientists refer to as ‘weapons of the weak’ as a result of the neglect to provide for the needs of urban poor, the not so poor and small businessmen. This is complicated by the phenomenon of the malaise of Third World mentality. As such, town planning becomes ineffective. The challenges facing town planners are not only to ensure that the lower income groups and urban poor have a stake in the cities, but also that development plans can be implemented and are complied with.




CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 LIVEABLE CITIES

3.0 TOWN PLANNING IN MALAYSIA 3.1 The State of Urban Malaysia 3.2 Challenges 3.3 Non-compliance 3.4 Weapons of the Weak 3.5 Third World Mentality 4.0 CONCLUSION


300 Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Since its emergence about a century ago, town planning has been recognised as an important tool in making cities conducive for work, bringing up families and having a life. The recent biggest gathering of mayors, town planners and social scientists interested in urban issues in Vancouver for the third session of the World Urban Forum has reaffirmed that planning is ‘a tool for urban development and environmental management’ (Final Report in www.WUF3.com).

A basic assumption of town planning is that urban stakeholders, including the government, comply with planning rules and regulations, including development plans. Furthermore, for the few cases of non-compliance, the local planning authorities will enforce the law. Unfortunately, in most cities of the developing countries, this is usually not the case. On the contrary, cases of non-compliance with gazette development plans and planning regulations and standards and other municipal rules in general, are ubiquitous.

The objective of this paper is to emphasise that town planners and those who are interested in the development of town planning must take cognizance of the realities of non-compliance. At the very least, they must recognise the incidences of non-compliance and their underlying causes, especially those that are referred to as ‘weapons of the weak’ and ‘Third World mentality’.

2.0 LIVEABLE CITIES

It was not so long ago, when announcing the completion of structure plans or local plans, state and municipal leaders in Malaysia wanted their towns to be ‘garden cities’. For the politicians and most town planners, garden cities are taken to mean cities with patches of green areas and landscaping projects. This usually means planting a few trees, shrubs and flowering plants in roundabouts, road meridians and odd corners of land that cannot be used for everything else. Often forgotten is the original concept coined by Ebenezer Howard about a century ago. In his ‘Garden Cities of Tomorrow’, besides the parks are employment opportunities, adequate housing for the working class and the sense of safety.

‘Liveable cities’ is beginning to replace garden cities as the catchphrase among town planning and urban development circles. The term must not be allowed to be taken to mean building bigger cities for more people in the form of high-rise compact housing, super highways and shopping malls. Although there is no internationally recognised definition of ‘liveable cities’, a perusal of the literature shows that they are largely people-centred places with particular emphasis on the well-being of their residents. This is to be accomplished by strengthening community and is to be facilitated by increasing civic engagement and shaping a built environment to facilitate interactions.

In terms of urban development, there is a need for a well-functioning public realm for meetings and encounters among the people of all ages, acquaintances, friends and even strangers. This requires the existence of multifunctional public places, squares and marketplaces. Furthermore, the public places must have appropriate human scale architecture and mixed land




use of shops and houses, outdoor cafes and restaurants, farmers’ markets and community festivals to enliven the public realm.

Liveable cities are also characterised by short travelling distances that can be met with pedestrian networks, bicycle networks and efficient public transportation. As the San Francisco-based Liveable City movement puts it, the objective is ‘to create more great streets and complete neighborhoods, where walking, bicycling, and transit are the best choices for most trips, where public spaces are beautiful, well-designed, and well-maintained, and where housing is more plentiful and more affordable’ (see www.liveablecity.org).

It is useful to note that the cities named as offering the best quality of life in internationally recognised ranking exercises, such as those of the Mercer Consulting and Economic Intelligence Unit, exhibit features noted above. These include Zurich, Vienna, Vancouver, Melbourne and Singapore, the highest ranked city in Asia (see www.citymayors.com/current/eiu_bestcities; www.citymayors.com/features/quality_survey).

3.0 TOWN PLANNING IN MALAYSIA

Town planning has a relatively long history in Malaysia. It was imported from England as early as 1921 when the then government of the Federated Malay States invited Charles Reade from South Australia to be the first government town planner. Reade, who was an early disciple of the Garden City Movement of England, following the publication of Ebenezer Howard’s famous book, Garden Cities of Tomorrow, not only established a town planning department, but also pushed for a very comprehensive town planning legislation.

Today, hundreds of Malaysians are qualified town planners, some with Ph. D. from notable universities. Many have further their knowledge by attending seminars and conferences all over the world. Furthermore, the Malaysian government has even passed the Town Planners Act which gives town planners a legislated title. This means that only those who are academically qualified and recognised by the Malaysian Institute of Town Planners are allowed to style themselves as town planners and provide consultancy services.

The machinery to implement town planning is also well developed. There is not only a well-staffed town planning department in the federal government, but also one in every state. All the 32 major local authorities in the country also have a town planning department. Hundreds of millions of ringgit have also been spent formulating structure plans and great pains have been taken to get them gazetted as legal documents. Furthermore, no one is allowed to undertake land development without obtaining prior permission from the local planning authorities.

3.1 The State of Urban Malaysia

On the whole, the towns and cities in Malaysia are generally conducive for employment and bringing up families. Many rural poor and those from smaller towns, including many from neighbouring countries, continue to flock to the bigger towns and cities in Malaysia.



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The urban centers in Malaysia are rather efficient theatres for administration, commerce and industry and some continue to attract foreign capital and expertise. The capital city, Kuala Lumpur, has attracted favourable comments from visitors. Visitors to the new administrative capital, Putrajaya, cannot but be amazed by its buildings, bridges, highways and parks. Furthermore, there are enclaves that Malaysians can be proud of. An example is Bangsar, a well-known watering hole in Kuala Lumpur to have a life after work. Another is Taman Tun Ismail, a housing area that is pleasant and conducive for bringing up families.

Yet, it is also fair to say that in view of Malaysia’s economic development and the long history of town planning, the quality of life in the urban areas could be much better. Many major towns and cities, including Kuala Lumpur, still suffer from frequent flash floods. There is a shortage of parks. The few that exist are generally poorly maintained. Traffic jams are almost taken for granted. The state of public transportation system in most urban areas is inadequate. Almost all towns and cities do not have adequate facilities for pedestrians. Very little attention has been given to the mobility of the aged, physically handicapped and mothers with young children.

Furthermore, there is haphazardness, both in the city centers and at the urban fringes, largely as a result of incompatible land use and buildings. In the context of liveable cities, there is the lack of conducive public realm to facilitate and encourage urban dwellers to gather, meet and interact. In fact, lately, there has been a growing fear of crimes in the cities (see NST 6 Sept. 2006; Star, 23 Oct. 2006). This is manifested in the growing popularity of gated communities, the anti-thesis of liveable cities, even though properties in such communities are highly priced and have very high management fees. Even those living in ordinary suburban areas are organising themselves to engage security guards to turn their enclaves into ‘guarded communities’. Some even build illegal obstacles across the entrances into their enclaves and the local authorities have turned a blind eye to such illegal structures (see Star, 5 Sept. 2006; NST 6 Sept. 2006).

3.2 Challenges

There are many reasons for such state of affairs. The main culprit is poor urban management. But town planners also must share part of the blame. They include weakness in town planning theories, poorly formulated development plans, shortage of town planners, lack of funds to prepare development plans, weakness in the town planning system, including the scope and content of town planning. Most of the factors have been addressed elsewhere, some more than the others (Goh Ban Lee, 1991).

In the context of planning for liveable cities, the challenge facing town planners is not in understanding of what Malaysians want. This is rather easy. Everyone wants a better quality of life and this is largely linked to his or her ability to access infrastructure (transportation, communication, water, and sanitation); food; clean air; pleasant environment, affordable housing; meaningful employment and green space. Lately, safety has been added in the wish list. As a result of unequal distribution of wealth and ability, access to the good things in life is seriously uneven.

The challenge to the town planners is to detect the differential access of people to the wish




list noted above and formulate ways to facilitate equitable access. Unfortunately, this aspect of town planning is not given the seriousness it deserves. In most town planning exercises, large amount of time and resources is spent on collection of physical data, such as those on population, housing units, facilities and etc. There is little attempt to understand the social and economic fabrics of the towns and cities. As a result, although the planners may know the physical features of the towns and cities, they still are in the dark about the society: its function and what make it tick, so to speak.

To make matters worse, usually too little is spent on the formulations of plans. For instance, in many planning exercises, there is little debate on the socio-economic impacts of proposed land use or intensity of use and planning standards and regulations. An important area that has escaped the attention of town planners is the question of compliance.

3.3 Non-compliance

One of the basic assumptions of town planning and urban management is that everyone plays by the rule. The assumption is not true. In reality, there is much non-compliance with development plans and the rules governing development control. To make matters worse, non-compliance has been a neglected agenda both in town planning and urban governance as a whole.

Compliance is doing what is stated in rule books or moral codes. In the context of town planning and urban development, this means complying with town planning rules and gazette plans and other municipal rules and regulations to ensure the development of productive, pleasant and efficient cities.

As a general rule, people comply with rules and regulations because of strict material self-interest or for purely altruistic reasons. In the case of the former, this can be coercion or positive incentives. Coercion can be in the form of monetary disincentives such as fines or physical penalties such as jail terms or caning. It can also be in the form of social pressure, such as being held in odium or ridicule. Positive incentives can be in the form of monetary rewards or social recognition in the form of state or national awards.

Those who comply because of altruistic reasons make their choice on moral principles. They do what they believe to be right, irrespective of the costs. For instance, in Germany and Japan, most pedestrians do not cross the roads with traffic signals unless the ‘walk’ signs light up and drivers stop at zebra crossings for pedestrians because these are the right things to do. Furthermore, they comply with the established methods of waste disposal based on moral principles.

Unfortunately, in most developing countries, those who comply with municipal rules out of moral principles are very few. Many comply because of the fear of possible punishment, either in the form of jail terms or fines. As such, it is imperative that there is a system of enforcement against those who break rules and regulations and punishment of those who are guilty.

In this respect, Singapore is the best example. It carries out punishment even if it sometimes



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appears to be cruel and drastic. Perhaps the best example of its resoluteness on enforcement is the punishment of Michael Fay, at that time an 18 year old American boy who was found guilty of spray-painting cars that were parked on the road in 1994. He was sentenced to an 83-day jail term and six strokes of the cane. His parents, who were expatriates in Singapore, and prominent personalities, including United States President Bill Clinton, appealed to the Singapore government to set aside the caning. Many accused the government as barbaric.

But the Singapore government stood firm. According to the then Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, ‘Can we govern if we let him off and not cane him?… If we do not cane him because he is an American, I believe we’ll lose our moral authority and our right to govern’ (in Time, 9 May 1994).

The need to enforce municipal rules and town planning regulations and development plans is not only to punish the culprits and to let them know of their wrongdoings. It is also to send out a message to the rest of the society that the authority means business. This is especially important in view of the compelling argument that people are more likely to comply if they believe that other people would do the same and that the government is procedurally fair in both decision-making and implementation process (Levi, 1997). In other words, many people are contingent consenters.

A detailed discussion on non-compliance with municipal rules and regulations and the neglect of local authorities to take cognizance of this in Malaysia has been done in Non-compliance – A Neglected Agenda in Urban Governance (Goh Ban Lee, 2002). Suffice to note here is that non-compliance with municipal rules and regulations is a major factor for the haphazard and unhealthy state of towns and cities in Malaysia and many developing countries. It is also fair to say that non-compliance with town planning rules and gazette plans is making nonsense of the millions of ringgit spent on making development plans and the promises of better quality of life by the planners and politicians.

For instance, in most towns and cities, it is common to see hawkers in places that are supposed to be open spaces or pavements or road reserves. Squatter colonies are found in areas that are marked as open spaces, railway reserves or ex-mining land in development plans. In planned housing suburbs, there are cases of change of building use, such as from residential houses into hair-dressing saloons, medical clinics and tuition centers. In some areas, there are even sundry shops, motor-repair shops and places of worship. Illegal parking of vehicles is a common sight in most city centres and on pavements in housing estates.

However, before the town planners and municipal officers rush home to enforce strictly development plans and town planning regulations, it is also important to consider the reasons for non-compliance. This paper will focus only on those generally referred to as ‘weapons of the weak’ and ‘Third World mentality’.

3.4 Weapons of the Weak

It is clear, even to casual observers, that many instances of non-compliance with development plans and planning regulations are committed by the urban poor and small businessmen. Some




social scientists, including James Scott (1987), have coined the concept ‘weapons of the weak’ to describe actions that are contrary to established rules and social ethics. In a nutshell, they maintain that the weak, meaning the poor, the disenfranchised and the small businessmen, have to resort to non-compliance or feign compliance with rules and regulations to survive in an environment that is hostile to their needs and interests.

The ‘weapons of the weak’ concept is very pertinent in the development and growth of cities in developing countries. For instance, for many who are poor and have little capital to begin a business, building illegal stalls to sell banana fritters or fried noodles is the only way to survive in the cities. (In reality, the rural poor who just arrive in the cities do not build illegal stalls. They rent them from established ‘slumlords’ who put up the illegal structures. Nevertheless, without such illegal stalls, the poor and the lower income groups would not have the facilities within their means to begin their businesses). Similarly, without the illegal sheds or cubicles, many urban poor will have no roofs over their heads. The point is that the poor have no choice but to construct or rent illegal built structures in order to survive and begin life in the cities simply because development plans and municipal rules do not facilitate them to do so legally.

Perhaps the most well known act of non-compliance was that of Rosa Park, a black American seamstress, when she refused to vacate her seat for a white man and move to the back of the bus. In 1955 Montgomery, Alabama, municipal rules required a black person to give his or her seat to a white, man or woman. Park was arrested and put in jail. This led to a series of protests that contributed to the eventual repeal of the unjust segregation laws in America.

It is important to note that while the cities in the developing countries are bursting at the seams, they are still magnets to the rural poor and those from smaller towns to seek a better quality of life or become richer. Despite the pollution, flesh floods, health hazards and inefficiency and even unsympathetic government officials, cities are still the places for the rich to become richer and the poor to entertain dreams of climbing out of poverty. The poor and not so poor will still migrate to the cities whether the town planners or municipal leaders provide for them or not.

It is clear that non-compliance with town planning standards and gazette plans has facilitated and enabled the growth of most cities in the developing countries. More importantly, it has allowed the poor and small businessmen to have a stake in the urban areas. For instance, if there are no illegal hawkers or illegal change of building use or land use and breaches of food handling by-laws, there is very little doubt that food prices in many towns and cities will be at least three times the present rates. In other words, if all food outlets and food handlers were to comply with existing development plans and municipal rules and regulations, many poor urban dwellers will have to go to bed without adequate food. If a massive campaign is initiated against all illegal hawkers and traders, there would be riots, as happened in Daressalem in Tanzania (see BBC News 18.10.06).

Furthermore, if there are no illegal settlements and illegal extension of buildings, or illegal subdivision of buildings into cubicles, many urban poor would have to sleep on pavements and other public places. Rentals for the poorer quality houses or shelters will be a few times the present rates.



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It should also be noted that all development plans, such as Structure Plans, do have statements on the need to eradicate poverty and catering to the poor, especially in housing. All call for adequate low cost housing. But having stated the good intentions, these are not followed by concrete plans for the poor, the not-so-poor and the physically handicapped. As such, it may be counter-productive to call for strict enforcement of the law and plans until and unless the town planners begin to recognise their social justice role and are committed to play such role. Unfortunately, this apparent contradiction has escaped the attention of town planners and those who are interested in urban development.

Another important factor for non-compliance is outdated plans. For instance, in Malaysia, despite the requirement that Structure Plans be reviewed and revised every five years, many are not. In fact, many are not revised even after a decade or more. Worse, in the case of Local Plans that show in detail the permissible use of land, most local authorities in Malaysia are still finding it difficult to complete and gazette theirs. As a result, the only legal plans to guide the development of the towns and cities are the old zoning plans that were prepared under Cap 133 and 137 for the areas known as the Straits Settlements and the Federation of Malaya respectively.

It should be noted that the Structure Plan and Local Plan system of town planning has been in existence in Malaysia for about 30 years! The local authorities, which are the local planning authorities, are not in compliance with the requirements of the Town and Country Planning Act themselves. If they cannot complete and gazette their Local Plans to regulate and control property owners and developers, it is difficult to see how the latter are expected to comply with town planning rules and development plans.

In terms of liveable cities, the irony is that the acts of non-compliance with development plans, especially in the form of illegal hawker stalls and illegal food handling, have contributed to making part of the public realm more interesting and places of interactions of the urban dwellers and even visitors. Besides, it is useful to note in passing that without the services of the poorer section of the society who live in illegal structures and subsist on food provided by illegal outlets, the rich and the middle class would find life in the cities less bearable.

3.5 Third World Mentality

Unfortunately, it is usually not possible to clearly distinguish acts of non-compliance as a result of struggling against unjust rules and regulations and those that are based on ‘Third World mentality’. Although there is no standard definition of this term, Malaysian Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi has used it to refer to poor execution and inept management of public facilities and appalling customer service of the public sector (see Competing for Tomorrow, 2003).

Third World mentality is also commonly used to refer to acts of non-compliance with civic rules and moral codes by those who should know better simply because there is little chance of punishment or the pains of punishment is equivalent to a slap on the wrist. Among the common acts of Third World mentality are indiscriminate disposal of waste and littering, illegal vehicle parking, illegal extension of buildings and illegal change of land use and construction of




buildings. In all these cases, the acts of non-compliance are not the result of ignorance or the need to survive in a very difficult environment, but the result of lack of civic discipline with a tinge of arrogance or conspicuous consumption.

For instance, many Malaysians park on pavements and sidewalks, thereby making walking to schools, markets or corner shops an unpleasant and even dangerous exercise. Many drivers double and triple park at school entrances waiting for their children or grand-children. For the convenience of their loved ones and themselves, the drivers not only cause problems to other road users, but also set bad examples for school children regarding traffic rules and regulations. In many instances of illegal parking, there are usually proper parking spaces within short walking distances. Unfortunately, these inconsiderate drivers include business tycoons, professional consultants, government officers and even those with titles such as Datuks and Yang Berhormats. It is clear that the economic and educational systems that are so successful in enabling them to afford cars, many of which cost hundreds of thousands of ringgit, somehow fail to inculcate the civic responsibility that comes with car ownership and respect for the law.

Even the government has acknowledged the malaise of Third World mentality in Malaysia. It has established the Malaysian Institute of Integrity and a National Integrity Plan has been formulated. So far, however, it has no positive impact. On the contrary, there is still a reluctance or inability to punish those who transgress town planning and development regulations, especially if those who breach the law are in position of power.

The recent case of the building of an illegal four-storey mansion in Klang, a booming municipality in the state of Selangor is perhaps the clearest example of hubris of power. The almost completed building belongs to the wife of the Klang municipal councillor and also the State Assemblyman for Port Klang. Being a councillor, there is no question that he knows of the need to get a series of permission from the municipal council before building the house. Worse, even the president of the council told the press that he had advised the councillor to submit application plans to the council, but to no avail (Nadeswaran, 2006 and Goh Ban Lee, 2006).

Apparently, the building owner has been fined about RM24,000, which is ten times the amount of building plan processing fees (Star, 22 Oct., 2006). For a person who can afford to build the reputedly RM5 million mansion, this sum is equivalent to ‘chicken feed’. What has been ignored by the local council in the enforcement of development control rules and regulations is that a breach of the Town and Country Planning Act carries a maximum penalty of RM500,000 and jail sentence. Sadly, the four-storey is not the only illegal house built by a councillor. Another councillor from the same municipality has also been reported to build a mansion without proper permission (Star, 22 Oct., 2006).

In and by itself, each case of non-compliance is of little consequence to the liveability of a town or city. But a high incidence of non-compliance with town planning rules and development plan does render the towns and cities to be less liveable than they should be. It may be useful to note that in the cities such as Vancouver and Zurich that are ranked as the most liveable in the world; the level of civic obedience is very high. In many of these cities, compliance is expected



Paper 8

and is volunteered individually. In the case of Singapore which is ranked as the best in Asia, the government is willing and known to crack the whip. Either way, compliance with municipal rules and regulations including development plans, is the ‘secret’ to their success stories.

4.0 CONCLUSION

There is no doubt that town planning has played a positive role in making the towns and cities in Malaysia relatively attractive places to stay, work and having a life. But after about 80 years of town planning, there is an expectation that more could have been achieved. Malaysians are traveling far and wide and have seen cities that are much more liveable. Equally important, Malaysian cities are competing with other Asian cities for expertise and capital to sustain the impressive economic growth. It is useful to note that property prices in the cities in Malaysia are the cheapest in this part of the world and yet they are not able to compete effectively with places like Singapore, Hong Kong, Bangkok or Shanghai. The something missing could be the ‘livability’ feeling. Standing still is not an option.

The high degree of non-compliance with rules and regulations and the apparent successful role of the cities of developing countries in fulfilling the dreams of rural poor and those who want to become rich pose an important question. How should town planners handle the situations in which there is a high incidence of non-compliance with town planning rules and development plans and the inability or unwillingness to enforce compliance? So far, there has been little attempt to take cognizance of the situations. Very few town planners, either those in the public sector or those practising as private consultants, have voiced out the lack of compliance with their plans. There have been no public protests that their hard work is negated by lack of compliance.

It is pointless to spendtime and tax dollars to prepare development plans or formulate development control rules and regulations if these are not complied with and the culprits are not punished. Town planners cannot claim to be ignorant or oblivious to the realities of non-compliance and lack of enforcement. There is little doubt that if town planning takes into consideration the question of non-compliance in its formulation of development plans and development control procedures, Malaysian towns and cities will be more become more liveable.




References

1. Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003) Competing for Tomorrow, a speech delivered to the Oxford and Cambridge Society of Malaysia, 6 March 2003.

2. Cherry, G. E. (1974) The Evolution of British Town Planning, London: Leonard Hill Books.

3. Goh Ban Lee (1991) Urban Planning in Malaysia, Petaling Jaya: Tempo Publishing.

4. Goh Ban Lee (2002) Non-compliance – A Neglected Agenda in Urban Governance, Skukai: Institut Sultan Iskandar, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

5. Goh Ban Lee (2006) The hubris of power, in The Sun 17.10.2006.

6. Levi, Margeret (1997) Consent, Dissent and Patriotism, Cambridge University Press.

7. Nadeswaran, R. (2006) Testimony of abuse, in The Sun 12.9.2006.

8. Norliza Hashim (2006) Vancouver Technical Visit 2006, in Berita Perancang, August 2006).

9. Rodwin, L. (1981) ‘On the Illusions of Planners and the Growth and Management of Metropolitan Areas in the Third World Countries in the 1980s’ in M. Honjo (ed) Urbanisation and Regional Development, Nagoya: Maruzen Asia.

10. Scott, J. (1987) Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, Yale University Books.

11. Newspapers USJ 17 floks opt to pay for security, Star, 5 Sept., 2006. Neighbourhood under siege, NST 6 Sept., 2006. Crime index rising, NST 6 Sept., 2006. Stop this betrayal of trust, Sun, 13. Oct., 2006. Only a fine for Zakaria, Star 22 Oct., 2006. Second councillor builds mansion without approval, Star, 22 Oct., 2006). Sharprise in crime index, Star 23 Oct., 2006.

12. Planning Liveable Cities in an Environment of Non-compliance/25.10.06. Paper presented at the World Planning Day Convention 2006 with the Theme ‘Towards Liveable Cities – The ASEAN Way, 8-9 Nov. 2006, organised by the Federal Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia.


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Convention Participants


ASEAN Beng Hong Socheat Khempro Min. of Land Mgmt. Urban Planning & Const.,

Cambodia Nouth Narang Min. of Land Mgmt. Urban Planning & Const.,

Cambodia Tan Jun Han Urban Redevelopment Authority, Singapore Wong Kai Yeng Urban Redevelopment Authority, Singapore Acting Capt. Tneeraphong Dept. of Public Works, Town & Country Planning,

Bangkok Anukul Tanskananukulchai Dept. of Public Works, Town & Country Planning,

Bangkok Pichai Kruachaipinit Dept. of Public Works, Town & Country Planning,

Bangkok Zahiah Hj.Abd. Samad Dept. of Town and Country Planning, Brunei Federal Government Abdul Gapar Hj. Abu Bakar Min. of Energy, Water and Communications Abu Bakar Johar Min. of Housing and Local GovernmentAnuar Kamal Sidin Min. of Federal TerritoriesAzizul Nizam Hamdan Min. of Federal TerritoriesFaridah Ahmad Agriculture Department, PutrajayaHu Chang Sieu, Peter Min. of Housing and Local GovernmentIliani Idris Min. of Energy, Water and CommunicationsKhairul Nizam Othman Min. of Federal TerritoriesLily Hamaddah Ramle Min. of Federal TerritoriesM. Noor Azman Taib Min. of Federal TerritoriesMd. Isa Jaafar Min. of WorksMohd Salleh Mustapa Min. of Federal TerritoriesMohd. Anuar Maidin Min. of Federal TerritoriesNor Hisham Ahmad Dahlan Min. of Federal TerritoriesNorjafni Zainuddin Min. of WorksPrema Letha Nair Statistics Department of MalaysiaRoslinawati Misdi Alhaj Min. of Rural and Regional Devt.Shabudin Saad Dept. of Survey and Mapping of Malaysia Tengku Mohd. Diaraif Raja Abdul Kadir Min. of Energy, Water and Communications State Government Augustine Jose Duna Sarawak State Government Lawrence Tseu Sed Kong, Phd Chief Minister’s Office, Sarawak Mohd. Sidi Daud Dept. of Mineral and Geosciences, Selangor




Local Government Abdul Aziz Hj. Abd. Ghani Kulim Municipal Council Abdul Malik Ismail Labis District Council Abdul Rahman Salleh Kulai Municipal Council Ahmad Amir Ismail Kerian District Council Alijus Hj. Sipil Kota Kinabalu City Hall Anri Arif West Kinta District CouncilAzmi Razak Marang District CouncilChe Huzzana Che Husin Kuantan Municipal CouncilChong Ted Tsiung South Kuching City CouncilEddy @ Ismail Hashim Kuala Lumpur City HallHazlin Ibrahim Shah Alam City CouncilHii Chang Kee Sibu Municipal CouncilHj. Ahmad Fuad Hj. Hashim Seberang Perai Municipal CouncilHj. Amran A. Rahman Batu Pahat Municipal CouncilHj. Husni Yahya Kuala Terengganu Municipal CouncilHj. Ibrahim Hj. Malek Rompin District CouncilIskandar Suparlan Kluang Municipal CouncilIsmail Muhamad Subang Jaya Municipal CouncilKamariah Kamarudin Kuala Lumpur City HallMohd Adzwan Hj. Paying Kuala Lumpur City HallMohd. Helimy Samat Seremban Municipal CouncilMohd. Norulamin Ahmad Kuala Kangsar Municipal CouncilMohd. Yushaa Ismail Sik District CouncilMuhamad Sujab Abu Hasan Kuala Lumpur City HallMuhammad Zaidi Omar Kulai Municipal CouncilNazlee Abu Bakar Kangar Municipal CouncilNazri A.Ghani Nilai Municipal CouncilNor Mohd Azrin Zainuddin Nilai Municipal CouncilNorleeza Zainuddin Nilai Municipal CouncilProf. Madya Dr. Dasima Omar Shah Alam City CouncilRozina Hazali Kuantan Municipal CouncilSamiun Salleh Hulu Terengganu District CouncilShaiful Fauzi Mohmin Labis District CouncilSiti Aisyah Zakaria Kuala Lumpur City HallSyed Mohd. Nor Syed Jaafar Bentong Municipal CouncilWong Fu Toh Sibu Municipal CouncilZafir Annuar Ghazali Yan District CouncilZainor Adani Tangkak District Council Zolkifle Awang Shah Alam City Council Zuraidah Abdul Majid Kuantan Municipal Council




Statutory Bodies Rohani Hj. Berak South East Johore Development Authority Private Sector Abdul Rahman Ibrahim ARI Planning Ahmad Ab. Majid MEGA Rancang Ahmad Jefri Clyde/Julie Chok AJC Planning Consultant Sdn. Bhd. Anne Yuen Kam Peng Jururancang ATP Ar. Ahmad Izaham Mahayudin HL Design Group Ar. Hj. Mohd Nazam Md Kassim Focus Architects & Urban Planners Sdn. Bhd.Atiyah Ismail Bartholomew Wong Kee Kho WP Perancang Sdn. Bhd.Che Mohamed Che Idris Axis PlanningChuah Hoon Hoon Desa Konsult Sdn. Bhd.Dato’ Hj. Najmudeen Kader I Com Ventures (M) Sdn. Bhd.Fadzil Abdul Rahman MNF & AssociatesFauzi Abdul Rahim F. I. Planning Sdn. Bhd.Haji Ramli MHHR Consultant Sdn. Bhd.Hasnul Nazmi Mohammad Metropolis Planning Sdn. Bhd.Hj. Kamaruzaman Abd. Wahab Desa Konsult Sdn. Bhd.Hj. Zainal Abidin Yusof EPG Sdn. Bhd.Ihsan Zainal Mokhtar IZM ConsultIndah Sulastri Zainuddin Enviro-Lift Service Sdn. Bhd.James Chua HL Design GroupKhairuzaman Hj. Nopis Minconsult Sdn. Bhd.Lee Kee Teck Araiso Sdn. Bhd.Lim Ech Chan GDP Planners Sdn. Bhd.Mazlan Hj. Othman Mazlan Planning ConsultantsMegat Sahrir Zainal EPG Sdn. Bhd.Mohamad Fauzi Ahmad Arah Rancang Sdn. Bhd.Mohamed Shamsudin Mohamed F. I. Planning Sdn. Bhd.Muhammad Khairuddin Abu Bakar Nik Mohd Ruiz Rekarancang Sdn. Bhd.Noorahaman Mohamed Sidman Planning Sdn. Bhd.Nor Azura Mohamed Nordin Teras Teknologi Sdn. Bhd.Nor Halim Ahmad Metropolis Planning Sdn. Bhd.Norasiah Yahya SAW Geodata Services Sdn. Bhd.Robert Bantan ak Banta WP Perancang Sdn. Bhd.Rohani Osman RNR Planning ConsultantsSalme Abd. Nasir Abd. Hamid SAW Geodata Services Sdn. Bhd.Suki Mee Digi PlannersSuzana Mohkeri Global Enviroment CentreSyed Azelan Syed Yusof JTC Planners Sdn. Bhd. Syed Danial Haris Syed Husin MSO Associates Sdn. Bhd.




Young Daud Nordin Ali YD Planners Zolkafli Abdul Rahman Jururancang Gemilang Sdn. Bhd. Institutions of Higher Learning Dr. Abdullah Abd. Rahman ISI, UTM, Skudai Dr. Foziah Johar UTM, Skudai Dr. Tarmiji Masron USM, Penang Dr. Wendy Bong Chin Wei Wawasan Open University Indera Syahrul Mat Radzuan KUiTTHO, Batu Pahat Jamil Jusoh USM, Penang Melasutra Md. Dali UM, Kuala Lumpur Muna Sarimin UiTM, Shah Alam Oliver Ling Hoon Leh UiTM, Shah Alam Prof. Mohd. Abdul Mohit IIUM, Kuala Lumpur Prof. Madya Dr. Ibrahim Ngah UTM, Skudai Prof. Madya Dr. Norhaslina Hassan UM, Kuala Lumpur Raziah Ahmad UiTM, Shah Alam Seow Ta Wee KUiTTHO, Batu Pahat Shuhaidah Md. Noor IIUM, Kuala Lumpur Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin UiTM, Shah Alam Yusfida Ayu Abdullah UiTM, Shah Alam Individuals Yip Siew Kuan Ng Choi Students Pn. Noraziah Abd. Aziz UKM, Bangi Rosilawati Zainol UM, Kuala Lumpur Federal Dept. of Town and Country Planning, Peninsular Malaysia En. Omar Jamaluddin Management Services Division Cik Suraya Dato Badaruddin Research and Devt. Division Hj. Zaini Ishak Research and Devt. Division Jamariah Isam Research and Devt. Division Jasmiah Ismail Research and Devt. Division Kalsom Yop Mohd Kasim Research and Devt. Division Kamalruddin Shamsudin Research and Devt. Division Lilian Ho Yin Chan Research and Devt. Division Mohamed Jamil Ahmad Research and Devt. Division Mohd Nasir Shaari Research and Devt. Division Muhamad Ridzuan Arshad Research and Devt. Division




Ramli Zulkifli Research and Devt. Division Syazlina Bahari Research and Devt. Division Abdul Rasyid Zainal Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Abriza Mohammed Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Che Zauliha Haji Che Lah Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Chee Ping Ngang Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Chua Rhan See Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Cik Noraida Abdul Rani Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Hj. Ahmad Abdullah Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Hj. Mohd. Azam Mohd. Abid Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Hjh. Zakiah Ali Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Khairil Khalid Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Lee Yoke San Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Lim Eng Bee Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Mior Azziddin Mohd. Ali Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Mohd Rusli Dalim Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Mohd. Faizalnizam Md. Zain Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Mohd. Syukri Yahya Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Muhammad Khamimi Mohd. Idris Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Nor Zaliza Mohd. Puzi Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Norzaina Salim Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Sarah Khalid Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. To’ Pn. Hjh. Rozaimi Zainuddin Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Wardiyah Senik @ Abdul Mokhti Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Zainuddin Nali Legal, Planning & Regulatory Div. Amilia Muhamad Nor Corporate Planning Division Dr. Dolbani Mijan Corporate Planning Division Khairulzaman Ibrahim Corporate Planning Division Mustafa Bakri Alias Sani Corporate Planning Division Norasiah Bee Mohd. Haniff Corporate Planning Division Tee Szu Fong Corporate Planning Division Abdul Rashid Abd. Rani Regional Planning Division Abu Salehek Musa Regional Planning Division Agnes anak Johari Regional Planning Division Aziaton Shuib Regional Planning Division Che Rohani Mohamed Salleh Regional Planning Division Datin Wira Hamisah Ariffin Regional Planning Division Hamdan Sapri Regional Planning Division Hasnan Iberahim Regional Planning Division Khajar Ab. Sukor Regional Planning Division Khalijah Jamil Regional Planning Division Mohd. Ariffin Ahmad Regional Planning Division Mohd. Fahmi Said Regional Planning Division Nadzrah Md. Shah Regional Planning Division Naeimah Hassan Regional Planning Division Nazirah Mahmud Regional Planning Division




Nor Mazlan Mohd. Yunus Regional Planning Division Norhana Mohamad Noor Regional Planning Division Yusnaim Abd. Rani Regional Planning Division Abbas Abd. Wahab National Physical Plan Division Azman Talib National Physical Plan Division Hj. Mohd. Jaafar Mohd. Atan National Physical Plan Division Noor Yazan Zainol National Physical Plan Division Rohani Mohd Hashim National Physical Plan Division Sanisah Shafie National Physical Plan Division Siow Suan Neo National Physical Plan Division Camelia Melawati Ahmad Tamizi Information Technology Division Che Fuziah Che Ali Information Technology Division Marha Sidek Information Technology Division Nor Salehi Kassim Information Technology Division Norasniza Hamzah Information Technology Division Toh Lay See Information Technology Division Alina Apo Human Resource Planning Unit Faridahwati Mohd Salleh Human Resource Planning Unit Hjh. Noraini Hj. Ismail Human Resource Planning Unit Juliana Ahamat Human Resource Planning Unit Latif Kahar Human Resource Planning Unit Syarifah Nuraida T. Mohd Apandi Human Resource Planning Unit Yong Chee Kong Human Resource Planning Unit Kamariah Ibrahim Project Coordination Office Noor Hafieza Hassan Project Coordination Office Wan Fauzi Wan Husin Project Coordination Office Aishah Abdullah Alor Star Project Office Harizah Hassan Alor Star Project Office Mohd. Sharif Che Din Alor Star Project Office Robi Desa Alor Star Project Office Rokibah Abdul Latif Alor Star Project Office Rosili Ahmad Alor Star Project Office Alimah Mohd. Suri Kuala Lumpur Project Office Azmizam Abdul Rashid Kuala Lumpur Project Office Dr. Dahlia Rosly Kuala Lumpur Project Office Egna Francis Gitom Kuala Lumpur Project Office Hazizah Sulaiman Kuala Lumpur Project Office Khadijah Abd. Hamid Kuala Lumpur Project Office Khairani Mohammad Kuala Lumpur Project Office Marhamah Ab. Ghaffar Kuala Lumpur Project Office Mohd Ali Abu Bakar Kuala Lumpur Project Office Mohd Rizal Osman Kuala Lumpur Project Office Mohd. Zaini Hj. Mohd. Yusof Kuala Lumpur Project Office Mustaffa Kamal Mohd. Ali Kuala Lumpur Project Office Noraini Kassim Kuala Lumpur Project Office Qua Jen Min Kuala Lumpur Project Office




Raja Shamsul Nizam Raja Abdullah Kuala Lumpur Project Office Rozita Hamit Kuala Lumpur Project Office Salmiah Hashim Kuala Lumpur Project Office Siti Jailah Hj. Dol Lajis Kuala Lumpur Project Office Suzlyna Abdul Latib Kuala Lumpur Project Office Wong Seng Fatt Kuala Lumpur Project Office Zaifulzahri Kamde Kuala Lumpur Project Office Zulazhar Abd. Ghani Kuala Lumpur Project Office Abdul Aziz Abdullah Malacca Project Office Ahmad Yusof Malacca Project Office Dzul Khaimi Khailani Malacca Project Office Hj. Madzi Mat Lin Malacca Project Office Hjh Zaleha Haji Shaari Malacca Project Office Jefri bin Kasman Malacca Project Office Lim Siew Chin Malacca Project Office Mohd Faidzal Hamzah Malacca Project Office Ahmad Fauzi Hj. Yusoff Kuala Terengganu Project Office Asfazilah Samad Kuala Terengganu Project Office Ezrein Faizal Ahmad Kuala Terengganu Project Office Hj. Razali Mohd. Kuala Terengganu Project Office Jabu anak Dugu Kuala Terengganu Project Office Manmohan Singh Kuala Terengganu Project Office Nawi Pa’ Tik Kuala Terengganu Project Office Rozdiana Mohd. Rosmi Kuala Terengganu Project Office Rohaya Abd Kadir Kuala Terengganu Project Office Wan Hassan Wan Ismail Kuala Terengganu Project Office Ydira Ibrahim Kuala Terengganu Project Office Zailan Shaary Kuala Terengganu Project Office State Depts. of Town and Country Planning Abd. Hamid Abd. Majid Perlis DTCP Koh Cher Shen Penang DTCP Mohd Zaki Ibrahim Penang DTCP Hj. Idris Abdul Rahim Kedah DTCP Hj. Noran Shariff Kedah DTCP Mursidin Hj. Ismail Kedah DTCP Bakar Othman Perak DTCP Shahidi Yusop Perak DTCP Tn. Hj. Mohamad Fauzi Zain Perak DTCP Abdul Jamil Arshad Selangor DTCP Abdul Rahaman Hamzah Selangor DTCP Annie Syazrin Ismail Selangor DTCP Any Nuhairah Abdul Razak Selangor DTCP Hjh. Fudziah Hj. Abas Selangor DTCP Mohd. Rozuwan Abdullah Selangor DTCP




Hjh. Norimah Md. Dali Negeri Sembilan DTCP Tn. Hj. Hamdan Mohd. Kassim Negeri Sembilan DTCP Shamsul Azlan Mohd Anuar Malacca DTCP Tn. Hj. Zainuddin Ahamad Malacca DTCP Abdulhan Abd. Lamit Johore DTCP Rosmawati Haron Johore DTCP Saidin Lateh Johore DTCP Dato’ Zainon Ahmad Pahang DTCP Nik Nuraisu Hj. Nik Ibrahim Pahang DTCP Hj. Hassan Yaakob Terengganu DTCP Saifuddin Ahmad Terengganu DTCP


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Convention Committees


2006 World Town Planning Day – MalaysiaPatronY. Bhg. Dato’ Mohd Fadzil bin Haji Mohd KhirDirector General Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia

Main and Financial CommitteeChairmanTuan Haji Mohd Azam bin Mohd Abid Director Legal, Planning, and Regulatory Division

Deputy ChairmanDr. Dolbani bin MijanDirector Secretariat, Coordination, and Corporate Planning Division

MembersEn. Kamalruddin bin Shamsudin Director Research and Development Division

Y. Bhg. Datin Wira Hamisah binti Ariffin Director Regional Planning Division

Tuan Haji Mohd Jaafar bin Mohd Atan Director National Physical Planning Division

Dr. Dahlia binti Rosly Director Development Planning Division Kuala Lumpur Project Office

Pn. Kamariah binti Ibrahim Head Assistant Director Project Coordination Office

Tuan Haji Sallehi bin Kassim Director Information Technology Division

Pn. Hjh. Nooraini binti IsmailHead of Human Resource Unit




Tuan Haji Omar bin JamaluddinDirector Management Services Division

Puan Norliza binti HashimPresident Malaysian Institute of Planners

Sub Committees• Coordination Secretariat - Secretariat, Coordination, and Corporate Planning Division

• Working Papers Committee - Research and Development Division

• Exhibition Committee - Research and Development Division

• Speeches Committee - Legal, Planning and Regulatory Division

• Registration and Accommodation Committee - Regional Planning Division

• Invitation Committee - Project Coordination Office

• Launching Committee - Information Technology Division

• Officiation/Protocols & Venue Preparation Committee - Kuala Lumpur Project Office

• Banquet Committee - Malaysian Institute of Planners

• Excursions Committee - Legal, Planning and Regulatory Division

• Publicity and Promotion Committee - National Physical Planning Division

• Souvenir and Competition Committee - Human Resource Planning Unit

• Equipment, Security, and Transportation Committee - Management Services Division


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