world religions. how many people are…? christian worship or follow jesus christ (what’s the...
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World Religions
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How many people are…?
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Christian
• Worship or follow Jesus Christ (what’s the difference)
• Three main groups: Catholic, Protestant, and Mormon (though this is controversial)
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Brief History of Christianity (YIKES!)
• Jesus was a Jew who was seeking a purer practice of Judaism (O AD)
• Jesus is identified as a threat to the power structure and crucified (33 AD)
• Followers of Jesus meet in house churches for centuries-Christianity a disorganized, minority and in the end, illegal, religion
• Paul organizes a bunch of churches• 323 the Roman Emperor Constantine becomes
Christian
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Brief History of Christianity continued…
• Council of Nicea• 450 years of “creeds”• 1054 Western church (Roman Catholic)
separates from Eastern (Eastern Orthodox)• 1517 Martin Luther and his 95 theses and the
emergence of Protestantism
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Theological differences in Christianity
• Main theological differences:– Nature of God– Divinity of Jesus – Nature of religious leadership (ecclesiological)– Understanding of the Bible and its role (bibliogical)
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Islam
• Based on the teachings of Muhammad who “received” the Koran
• Five pillars:– Profession of faith in Allah– Prayer five times a day– Ramadan– Pilgrimage to Mecca– -Giving 2.5% to the poor
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A brief history of Islam…
• 610 AD Muhammad receives the Koran in Saudi Arabia
• 622 Muhammad establishes the Islamic state• 632 Muhammad dies leaving no apparent heir• Caliphs oversee expansion of Islamic state – Sunni (Muhammad’s friend) versus Shiite
(Muhammad’s cousin)
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The Unaffiliated• One in six people do not have a religious affiliation,
which makes it the third largest religious group world-wide
• Many unaffiliated have some religious beliefs without being specifically oriented to a particular religion
• 62% of the unaffiliated live in China and 52% of the Chinese population is unaffiliated (700 million)– Japan has the second highest number (72 million or 57% of
the population– U.S. the third highest (51 million or 16.4% of population)
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Hinduism
• Local and varied• Defined by colonial intruders• Way of life and eternal “duties”• Hindu modernism and Innate divinity
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Buddhism
• Siddhartha, the prince (Between 6th and 4th centuries BCE)
• A little too much denial• Buddha and the Bodhi tree and the middle way• Dukkha:– Death– Change– Disappointment
• Therveda and Mahayana• The Eight Fold Path
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Division Eightfold factor Description
Wisdom(Sanskrit: prajñā,Pāli: paññā)
1. Right view Viewing reality as it is, not just as it appears to be
2. Right intention Intention of renunciation, freedom and harmlessness
Ethical conduct(Sanskrit: śīla,Pāli: sīla)
3. Right speech Speaking in a truthful and non-hurtful way
4. Right action Acting in a non-harmful way
5. Right livelihood A non-harmful livelihood
Concentration(Sanskrit and Pāli: samādhi)
6. Right effort Making an effort to improve
7. Right mindfulness
Awareness to see things for what they are with clear consciousness;being aware of the present reality within oneself, without any craving or aversion
8. Right concentration Correct meditation or concentration, explained as the first four jhānas
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Judaism
• Abraham and the chosen people• The meaning of the fallen temple• Ethnoreligiosity• The role of the Rabbis• History of persecution• Hasidic, Orthodox, Reform