World Religions 6.C.1.1 Analyze how cultural expressions reflected the values of civilizations, societies and regions(e.g. oral traditions, art, dance, music, literature, and architecture) 6.C.1.2 Explain how religion transformed various societies, civilizations and regions (e.g. beliefs, practices and spread of Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism) 6.C.1.3 Summarize systems of social structure within various civilizations and societies over time (e.g. Roman class structure, Indian caste systems and feudal, matrilineal and patrilineal societies) Topics: religion, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, Confucianism, Bahai, Cultural identity, social classes Concepts: Beliefs and Cultural Identity Outcomes: Influence of belief systems on culture; understanding of the major world religions and their interconnectedness 1. What factors contribute to people developing social structure based on belief systems and how does geography contribute to such structuring? 2. What major belief systems emerged in the Ancient time period? 3. What are the five major World Religions and how are they alike/different? 4. How have belief systems structured governments, drawn boundaries, united civilizations, and divided society? 5. Do belief systems unite or divide people? 6. How do the movements of people and ideas (cultural diffusion) affect world history? Religion has always been a major part of culture, influencing governments, families, daily habits, and more. Conflict can break out when people feel their religion is threatened. Religion can provide a code of behavior in a persons relationship with other people. (Watch for the Golden Rule in the presentation.) World religions provide a reference point/connection for civilizations, cultures and region development. Religious beliefs can cause conflict between groups of people. Social class systems may lead to inequality of wealth and access to important resources. Cultural identity of an individual may include various religious beliefs. The Universality of the Golden Rule in the World Religions Adapted from "The Christopher Newsletter" Research question: What is the golden rule in the major world religions? Christianity Judaism Buddhism Hinduism Islam The Universality of the Golden Rule in the World Religions Adapted from "The Christopher Newsletter" Christianity So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets. Matthew 7:12 Confucianism Do not do to others what you would not like yourself. Then there will be no resentment against you, either in the family or in the state. Analects 12:2 Buddhism Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful. Udana-Varga 5,1 Hinduism This is the sum of duty; do naught onto others what you would not have them do unto you. Mahabharata 5,1517 Islam No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself. Sunnah Judaism What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellowman. This is the entire Law; all the rest is commentary. Talmud, Shabbat 3id The Universality of the Golden Rule in the World Religions Adapted from "The Christopher Newsletter" TABLE 2 IntroductionGodMan/UniverseSalvation/AfterlifeMoralsWorship Biblical Christianity >>> Buddhism>>> Hinduism>>> Islam>>> Judaism>>> How to Use a World Religions Index Table -- You can access information three different ways using the World Religions Index tables: (1) Study a religion/religious philosophy by selecting it from the far left column of the table. (2) Study by subject category by selecting one of the categories in the top row of the table. (3) Or, go directly to a subject within a particular religion or religious philosophy by selecting the arrows that match up between the religion/religious philosophy and the subject category. Religion helps people get a better sense of the world they live in and it also helps them guide their lives. When someone is part of a religion they recognize one main deity, many deities, or in some cases they dont worship a deity at all. Atheist -disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of God or gods Monotheism is the belief in a one God. Polytheism is the belief in several gods. The word monotheism comes from the Greek monos, which means one, and theos, which means god. The term polytheism is based on the Greek roots poly, which means many, and theos, which means god.Monotheism is practiced by Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism (some sects), Sikhism, Baha'i, and others. Polytheism is practiced by Buddhism, Hinduism (some sects) Shinto, and others. Polytheism = poly + theism Monotheism = mono + theism What does the root word mean? What does the prefix mean? Democracy - government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. Theocracy- a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities World religionSymbol Name the religion represented by each icon.Word bank: Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Taoist/Confucianism Discussion question groups and/or whole group How does my knowledge of world religions connect to my life in the 21st Century? Based on this map, how would you compare and contrast the religions on different continents? Comparing and contrasting of different locations follows the geographic theme of REGIONS. There are some religions that have similarities with each other and there are others that are as different as day and night. In the world today there are five main religions which have the largest number of followers. These religions are Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Judaism started in Israel in the Middle East. Judaism has spread to all parts of the world (movement) because of the Jewish people wanting to move (pull) and also because they were pushed out of their homes or conquered and taken into captivity. Judaism is based on the existence of one God, Yahweh. The Patriarchs (leaders): Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (Israel) origins of the Hebrew people (more than 3,800 years ago) Enslaved in ancient Egypt and led to freedom by Moses (more than 3,300 years ago) Judaisms holy writings, known as the Torah, reveal how God has been present with them throughout time. In 63 B.C., the Romans conquered Jerusalem which is where their ancient temple stood. Probably the 2 most important event in Judaism are the Diaspora, the forcing out and scattering of the Jewish people from their homeland. https://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/ imaps/AC_10_345_diaspora/AC_10_345_diaspora.html and the Holocaust of World War II (about ), when over 6 million European Jews were killed. Jewish communities today continue synagogue worship which includes readings and prayers from the Torah. Generally, Jews arent missionaries but theyre always looking for newcomers. Christianity is the most widely distributed religion in the world with a total membership of over 2 billion people. Christianity came from Judaism and it is claimed that Jesus fulfilled many promises of the Hebrew Scripture; known as the Old Testament by Christians. Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ whose life is written in the New Testament. The New Testament includes First hand, eye-witness accounts tell about Jesus life. Those who wrote the Gospels recall Jesus days on Earth with the miracle of resurrection from the dead on the first Easter after he was crucified. The apostles of Jesus became the first church in Jerusalem. Throughout the centuries missionary activity has helped spread Christianity to most parts of the world. What is the name of this document? Islam is a major world religion which was founded in Arabia. Jerusalem is considered a sacred site because it holds the location of the first Qibla. the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, who is also known as a Prophet. At age 25 Muhammad joined a caravan from Mecca, Islams holy city to Syria. During this trip he realized the true suffering of people. He lived in the desert to have quiet time to think. At age 40, he believed his mission was to change religion. He was ridiculed by the people in his home country so he went to a different place to make changes. Muhammads followers, called Muslims, regarded him as the prophet of Allah. The five primary duties of Islam ( 5 pillars of Islam) are: 1.Profession of faith 2.Prayer performed five times a day 3.Almsgiving (charity) to the poor 4.Fasting during daylight hours in the month of Ramadan ninth month in the Islamic calendar. It is a period of prayer, fasting, charity-giving and self-accountability for Muslims in the United States. 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a Muslims lifetime. Sources of Islamic doctrine and practice are the: Koran(Quran) - the holy book, Sunnah - the way of life prescribed as normal for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran Northern Africa Buddhism was founded in India. It is based on the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama who is also known as Buddha. Gautama was 24 years old when he realized how empty his life was so he practiced self-denial to see if he could find solutions for the struggles of mankind. He is called The Enlightened One because he was enlightened while meditating under a Bodhi tree and began to teach people about his new spiritual understanding. Gautama had Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. He taught people about his doctrine of Karma which is made up of a persons acts and their consequences. Good deeds are rewarded, evil deeds are punished. Karma determines ones position in live. Karma can lead to different types of rebirth. The ultimate goal of Buddhism is to attain Nirvana, an enlightened state in which greed, hatred, and ignorance have been overcome. Buddha believed that existence consisted of a cycle of rebirth called reincarnation. Hinduism is the main religion in India. The people worship in temples. Hinduism has no founder; it originated in the religious practices of Aryan tribes who migrated into India from central Asia over 3,000 years ago. The Aryan society developed the caste system which ranked people based on their occupation Highest caste: Brahmin priests Kshatriya military, professional, ruling Vaishya - landowners, merchants, and business occupations Sudra - artisans, laborers, and peasants Harijahns untouchables rejects of society The caste system was outlawed in 1948 by the Indian government. Hindus can be a monotheist, a polytheist, or an antitheist. The most ancient sacred texts of Hinduism are called the Vedas and are written in Sanskrit. They introduced the doctrine of karma. Hinduism is based on the concept of reincarnation. Reincarnation means coming back to life in another form. The social standing of the person at rebirth depends on the moral behavior the person had in its previous life (karma). Christianity Bible, Old Testament and New Testament Hinduism - Vedas Islam - Koran (Arabic, al-Qur'an) Judaism Torah, Old Testament of the Bible Buddhism - Tipitaka Abraham Buddha Jesus Muhammad Buddhisms Buddha Abraham with son Isaac Muhammad Christian Jesus Hinduism does not have a single founder. Religious Observances (left) and Associated Faiths (right) January Oshogatsu Shintoism February Rissun Shintoism Shintoism March Naw-Ruz Baha'i Tomb Sweeping Day Taoism Hola Mohalla SikhismBaha'iTaoismSikhism Chunga Choepa Buddhism Buddhism April Rivdan Baha'i Easter Christianity Vaisakhi Day Sikhism Baha'iChristianitySikhism May Dragon Boat Festival Taoism Vesak Buddhism TaoismBuddhism Summer Ramadan Islam September Ganesh Chaturthi HinduismIslamHinduism Rosh HaShanah Judaism Judaism October Yom Kippur Judaism Diwali Hinduism JudaismHinduism November Hajj Islam December Christmas ChristianityIslamChristianity See more at:diversity.shtml#sthash.pF4IWGlX.dpuf Go to this site. Name the city and write a caption for each of these cities. Why is one city sacred to more than one religion? Which religions are all connected to the city marked with the *? Christianity Hinduism Islam Muslim Judaism Buddhism Sikhism Atheism Confucianism BahaI Shintoism * Tier 1Tier 1 cont.Tier 2Tier 3Tier 3 cont. Religion-1Important-4Divine-3Polytheism-3Sikhism-3 Story-1Pray-4Myth-3Monotheism-3Atheism-3 Leader-2Follow-1Prophet-4Christianity-4Confucianism-4 Book-2War-2Sacred-4Hinduism-4Bahai-4 Belief-3Holy-2Loyalty-1Islam-1Shintoism-2 Fight-3Worship-1Muslim-1Theocracy-1 Culture-2Judaism-2 Conflict -2Buddhism-2 Each person will define their words. Mrs. Henrie will give technical assistance if necessary. Definitions must be clear and easy to understand. When you have completed your definitions, have them checked by Mrs. Henrie. You will be sharing on or two of your definitions with the class so make sure you can read and you understand your definitions. Create a Venn Diagram to compare/contrast 2 of the 5 major World Religions! Use your study guide and the web site on slide # 15!!! Religion#1Religion #2 Example: Abraham was told to take his family and move away from his home in Mesopotamia. They settled on the Mediterranean Sea. (Why?) Famine in the land caused the family to move to Egypt. This family started to become very powerful. They had healthy babies and the people worked hard. The ruler of Egypt worried that they would get stronger than him so he made them all slaves. In the 1200s BC, their leader (Moses) led his people out of Egypt. Their release from slavery gave slaves in our South hope that one day they would also be free. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JNCS27rtQ8 (Go Down, Moses) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JNCS27rtQ8 Ancient Civilizations through the Renaissance, Holt McDougal, 2012