world politics in the 21st century second edition w. raymond duncan barbara jancar-webster bob...

World Politics World Politics in the 21st Centuryin the 21st Century

Second EditionSecond Edition

W. Raymond DuncanW. Raymond DuncanBarbara Jancar-WebsterBarbara Jancar-Webster

Bob SwitkyBob Switky

Chapter OneChapter One

The Importance of International RelationsThe Importance of International Relations

Figure 1.3 Eight Thousand Years of Changes in the Earth’s Forest Cover:

The map compares areas of the planet covered by forests 8000 years ago and in 1998. Which continent has lost the most of its original forests?

Source: World Resources Institute, Forest Initiative Project (http://www.wri/org/ffi/maps/).

Chapter TwoChapter Two

The State and Its Role in the International SystemThe State and Its Role in the International System

Figure 2.2 A Multipolar System



Figure 2.3 Unipolar World on the International System-as-a-Whole Level of Analysis and a Multipolar World at the Regional Level of Analysis



Figure 2.5 Russia: The Center and the PeripherySource: University of Texas Library Online (www.lib.texas.edu/maps/commonwealth/russiaaddivisions.jpg).

Chapter Three Chapter Three

Power Factors in International RelationsPower Factors in International Relations

Figure 3.1 China and the Yangtze River

Chapter ThreeChapter Three


Figure 3.2 Global Illiteracy RatesSource: John L. Allen, Student Atlas of World Politics, Fourth Edition, (Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 2000), p. 66.



Figure 3.3 Population Growth RatesSource: John L. Allen, Student Atlas of World Politics, Fourth Edition, (Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 2000), p. 60.



Figure 3.4 An Age of Bipolarity: The Cold War ca. 1970Source: John L. Allen, Student Atlas of World Politics, Fourth Edition, (Guilford, CT: Dushkin /McGraw-Hill, 2000), p. 26.

Chapter FourChapter Four

Foreign Policy Formation and ExecutionForeign Policy Formation and Execution

Figure 4.1 Tools for Foreign Policy ImplementationSource: The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993.



Figure 4.2 Map of Cold War AlignmentsSource: John L. Allen, Student Atlas of World Politics, Fourth Edition, (Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 2000), p. 21.



Figure 4.3 Ethnic Distribution of Former YugoslaviaSource: The International Institute for Strategic Studies, Strategic Survey, 1990-1991.



Figure 4.4 Foreign Policy input-Output ModelSource: David K. Hall, “An Introduction to Policy Making and Implementation,” The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993, p. 3.



Figure 4.5 Rational Actor [States] ModelSource: The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993.



Figure 4.6 Organizational Model of Foreign Policy Decision MakingSource: The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993.



Figure 4.7 Political Process ModelSource: The United States Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, Case Study, 1992-1993.

Chapter FiveChapter FiveIntergovernmental ActorsIntergovernmental Actors

Figure 5.1 Relationship of Assessments to Voting Strength in theGeneral AssemblySource: Lawrence Zirling, Robert E. Riggs, and Jack C. Piano, The United Nations: International Organization and World Politics. Third Edition (Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace & Company, 2000), p. 61. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.


Figure 5.2 Europe: Distinguishing EU Members, Applicant States, Date of Joining/Application, Non-EU StatesSource: European Commission from “Europe” Survey, The Economist, October 23, 1999, p. 4.


Figure 5.3 Estimated Proven Reserves of OilSource: From “BP Amoco Statistical Review of World Energy, 2000.” The Economist, July 15, 2000.

Chapter SixChapter SixCorporate and Nongovernmental ActorsCorporate and Nongovernmental Actors

Figure 6.1 Growth of NGOs (1956-1999)Source: Union for International Associations as quoted in “Swarming: Non-governmental International Organizations,” The Economist, December 11, 1999, p. 20.

Chapter SixChapter SixCorporate and Nongovernmental ActorsCorporate and Nongovernmental Actors

Figure 6.2 Map of China and TibetSource: A. Tom Grunfeild, The Making of Modern Tibet (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.) 1997, p. ix.

Chapter SevenChapter SevenPolitical GeographyPolitical Geography

Figure 7.1 Major Axes of the ContinentSource: Jared Diamond, Guns, Germans, and Steel: the Fates of Human Societies (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998), p. 177.

Chapter SevenChapter SevenPolitical GeographyPolitical Geography

Figure 7.2 The Fertile CrescentSource: www.fsmitha.com/hl/map00fe.html

Chapter Seven Chapter Seven Political GeographyPolitical Geography

Figure 7.3 Income Received by the Wealthiest 5 Percent of the Population(Percent of Total Income)Source: IDB calculations based on Deininger and Squire (1996).

Chapter SevenChapter Seven Political Geography Political Geography

Figure 7.3(b) Income Received by the Poorest 30 Percent of the Population(Percent of Total Income)Source: IDB calculations based on Deininger and Squire (1996).


Figure 7.4 Shapes of States Belgium: A Compact StateSource: http://www.cyber.vt.edu/geog1014/topics/108States/shapes.html


Figure 7.4(b) Shapes of States Vietnam: An Elongated StateSource: http://www.mapquest.com/atlas/main.edp?print=vietnam


Figure 7.4 Shapes of States South Africa: A Perforated StateSource: http://www.cyber.vt.edu/geog1014/topics/108States/shape.html.


Figure 7.4(b) Shapes of States Indonesia: A Fragmented StateSource: http://www.cyber.vt.edu/geog1014/topics/108States/shape.html.


Figure 7.4 Shapes of States Afghanistan: A Protruded StateSource: http://www.mapquest.com/atlas/main.adp?print=afghanis


Figure 7.5 Volcanoes and EarthquakesSource: H. J. de Blij and Peter O. Miller, Physical Geography of the Global Environment, Second Edition(New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1996), p. 341.


Figure 7.6 Land-locked CountriesSource: http//www.cyber.vt.edu/geog1014/topics/108States/neighbor.html


Figure 7.8 The Gobi DesertSource: http://chinapage.com/map/map.html


Figure 7.9 Cuba’s Proximity to the United StatesSource: Department of State and Department of Defense, The Challenge to Democracy in Latin America, Washington, DC, 1986, p. 5.


Figure 7.10 Map of the Roman Empire: Compare this map of the Roman Empireto that of the Arab Empire in Figure 7.11


Figure 7.11 The Arab EmpireSource: The National Geographic Society, Peoples and Places of the Past, 1983, p. 137.


Figure 7.12 The Fertile Crescent: Some of the best farmland of the FertileCrescent is in a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates—today’s Iraq.Source: The National Geographic Society, Peoples and Places of the Past, 1983, p. 26.

Chapter Seven Political GeographyChapter Seven Political Geography

Figure 7.13 Today’s Arab WorldSource: Cassel & Co., Ltd., 1975

Chapter EightChapter Eight Nationalism and Regionalism Nationalism and Regionalism

Figure 8.1 Europe’s Industrial Production Zones: The Two Regional BananasSource: John Newgouse, “Europe’s Rising Regionalism,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 1997, p. 70.

Chapter EightChapter Eight Nationalism and Regionalism Nationalism and Regionalism

Figure 8.2 Spain’s Autonomous RegionsSource: DeBlij and Muller, Realms, Regions, and Concepts, p. 90.

Chapter NineChapter Nine Global Violence: Wars, Weapons and Terrorism Global Violence: Wars, Weapons and Terrorism

Figure 9.1 Northern Spain and Southern France Highlighting the Basque RegionSource: The Economist, March 18, 2000, p. 52.

Chapter Ten Chapter Ten Global Justice: Women, Poverty andGlobal Justice: Women, Poverty and

Human Rights Human Rights

Figure 10.1 Urban Poor by RegionSource: UN Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), State of the World Cities Report 2001, p. 18.pdf.

Chapter Ten Chapter Ten Global Justice: Women, Poverty and Global Justice: Women, Poverty and

Human RightsHuman Rights

Figure 10.2 Incidence of Extreme Poverty: Under $1.00 a DaySource: http://www.cgiar.org/tac/meetings /meet0100/maps.pdf



Figure 10.3 Poorest Fifth’s Share of National ConsumptionSource: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)http://www.oecd.org/dac/Indicators/htm/map3.htm.

Chapter Ten Chapter Ten Global Justice: Women, Poverty andGlobal Justice: Women, Poverty and

Human Rights Human Rights

Figure 10.4 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary and Secondary Education (%)Source: http://www.developmentgoals.org/Gender_Equality.htm



Figure 10.5 Life Expectancy at BirthSource: http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/social/life/t-map.html (OECD)

ChapterChapter ElevenElevenInternational Political Economy I: The Advanced International Political Economy I: The Advanced

Industrial CountriesIndustrial Countries

Figure 11.1 Balance of Trade: Impact on a Country’s ReservesSource: Adapted from Joshua Goldstein, International Relations, Second Edition (New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1997), p. 324.



Figure 11.2 Degrees of Economic Policy Coordination



Figure 11.3 Share of World Trade by CountrySource: Data from Eurostat.



Figure 11.4 The EU’s Main Trade PartnersSource: Data from Eurostat.



Figure 11.5 The Relationship between Environmental Degradation and Poverty

Chapter TwelveChapter TwelveInternational Political Economy II:International Political Economy II:

The Politics of DevelopmentThe Politics of Development

Figure 12.1 Poverty Headcount IndexSource: World Bank as reported in “Old Battle; New Strategy,” The Economist January 8, 2000.



Figure 12.2 The Dependency Explanation for How the Rich Exploit the PoorAs the diagram suggests, multinational corporations from rich countries set up shop (invest) In Third world countries,usually with assistance from wealthy Third World capitalists (the “core in the periphery”). Profits from the MNC operations in the periphery are then sent back to the home country leaving the peripheral country not better (or even worse) off than before the investment.



Figure 12.3 Turbulent AfricaSource: From Foreign Policy, Spring 1999, volume 114, p. 15.

Chapter ThirteenChapter ThirteenThe Global Environment and the The Global Environment and the

Pollution ProblemPollution Problem

Figure 13.1 Model of the GAIA Principle and Environmental SurpriseSource: Barbara Jancar-Webster, “Technology and Environment in Eastern Europe in James R. Scanlan (ed.)Technology, Culture , and Development: The Experience of the Soviet Model.



Figure 13.2 Leading Causes of Death, 2001Source: The World Health Organization, world Health Report, 2002, Annex: Table 2 “Death by Cause, Sex, and Mortality Stratum in WHO Regions”.http://www.who.int/whr/en/ or http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/



Figure 13.3a Net Annual Migration Totals, 1995-2000Source: Data derived from United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,International Migration Report 2002 (New York: United Nations Press, 2002) pp.11-15 and UN Wall Graph, “International Migration, 2002.”



Figure 13.3b Net Annual Migration Rates, 1995-2000Source: Data derived from United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,International Migration Report 2002 (New York: United Nations Press, 2002) pp.11-15 and UN Wall Graph, “International Migration, 2002.”



Figure 13.4 Global Population Trends, 1950-2050Source World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-1999, (http://www.wri.org/powenpoint/trends).Data from United Nations Population Division, Long Range World Population Projections: Two Centuries of World PopulationGrowth 1950-2000, Table 6, p. 22.



Figure 13.5 Stabilization Rate Data and Predictions, 1950-2050Source World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-1999, (http://www.wri.org/powenpoint/trends).Data from United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects 1950-2050 (1996 Revision).



Figure 13.6 Model of the Greenhouse Effect from IPCC StudySource: J.T. Houghton, et as. (eds) Climate Change: the IPCC Scientific Assessment (Cambridge University Press, 1990).



Figure 13.7 World Commercial Energy Supply, 1998Source: http://www.wri.org/powerpoints.oil.sld001.htm.



Figure 13.8 Global Oil Consumption by Sector, 1998Source: http://www.wri.org/powerpoints.oil.sld014.htm.



Figure 13.9 Motor Vehicle Trends, 1946-1995Source: (http://www.wri.org/powerpoints.oil.sld026.htm.) Data from American Automobile Manufacturers Association, World Motor Vehicle Data 1993p. 23 and Motor Vehicle Pacts and Figures 1996, p.44.



Figure 13.10 Regional Shares of Global Energy ConsumptionSource: Compiled from world Energy Organization, World energy Outlook: 2002, figure 2.3: “Regional shares in World Primary Demand”(http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/weo/pubs/weo2002/weo2002.asp).

Chapter ThirteenChapter ThirteenThe Global Environment and the Pollution ProblemThe Global Environment and the Pollution Problem

Figure 13.11 Water StressSource: World Water Organization, Water Demand and Scarcity, p.5.pdf, at http://www.worldwater.org/waterData.htm.



Figure 13.12 World Water Use By Consumption Category and RegionSource: World Resources Institute, 1988-1999 world Resources (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 188.

world politics in the 21st century second edition w. raymond duncan barbara jancar-webster bob...

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