Table 1. Changes in reserves (%I.

Molybdenum Bismuth

Copper

Gypsum

Zinc Tungsten Mercury

Antimony

lndium Silver

Selenium

Platinum,Nickel,Palladium, Germanium,Rhodium,Zirconium Pumice,Garnet,Talc

World

52 40

12

11

11 7 6

4

4 2

1

I

USA

23 -33

3

43

-20 16 -9

20

0 1

-4

No change

Rest

79 66

14

5

19 7 7

3

5 2

1

LetterslResources reading

extreme being the 58% decline for strontium).

While the need for reserve estimates and long-term forecasts is generally accepted, the extent of some of these changes (especially regarding cumulative demand) draws attention once again to the importance of handling such numbers with great caution.

William Page

SPRU

University of Sussex, UK

Tin -1 -7

Fluorine -2 11

Cadmium -8 22 Gold -8 -17 ,i Resources Manganese Titanium

Tantalum Sulphur

- 10 -11

-13 -15

0 -3

0 -11

$ reading Lead -18 -53 Cobalt -39 0 Asbestos -40 -66

2 -39 -39 Bauxite and Aluminum: An Introduction to

the Economics of Nonfuel Minerals by Ferdinand E. Banks (D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA, 1980, 187 pp, f13.00, USA, $27.50, USA) Introduction to the economics of non-fuel

Table 2. Changes in cumulative demand (XI.

Cobalt

Mica (sheet) Molybdenum Asbestos

World

9 8 5 3

USA

-13 -24

0 -35

Rest

20

minerals in general and the bauxite/alumina/aluminium industry in particular. Provides a complete and up-to- date analysis of the outlook for the problems of this industrv in Australia. currentlv the

16 world’s largesf bauxite supplier. (To be 9 reviewed) 9

Rhodium Gold Platinum Sulphur Zirconium Germanium Talc Pumice Antimony Mercury

-2 -3 -4 -4 -5 -5 -7 -9 -9

No change -28

5 -7

-20 -8

-16 -8

0 -6

7

-6 -3

- 10 -4 -3

-7 -13

-10

Canadian Mining Journal 1980 Annual Mineral Review and Forecast, (Vol 100, No 20, Feb 1980, $3.00, Canada, $5.00 elsewhere).

Coal Mines - Health and Safety 1978 (HMSO, London, 1979, 32 + PP Appendixes, f 1 SO).

Titanium -9 -19 -6 Manganese -10 -11 - IO Palladium -11 -29 -4 Cadmium -11 -14 -10 Mica (scrap, flake) -11 - 17 -3 Tungsten -12 -6 -14

Nickel -13 -8 -15 Tantalum - 13 -12 -15 Bismuth - 14 -29 -6 Garnet -15 -20 -6 lndium -15 -21 - 14 Copper -17 -22 -15 Lead -18 -20 - 17 Tin -18 -28 - 15 Selenium -19 -22 - 16 Zinc -20 -36 - 15 Silver -33 -21 -24 Fluorine -31 -35 -30 Graphite -40 -33 -42 Strontium -58 -32 -75

Commodities Finance and Trade: Issues in North South Negotiations by Arjun Sengupta, ed (Frances Pinter, London, 1980,407~~) Papers and proceedings of the seminars undertaken by the Centre for Research on the New International Economic Order, Oxford and the Chr Michelsen Institute, Bergen. (To be reviewed)

Demolition Waste prepared for the Commission of the European Communities by Environmental Resources Ltd (Con- struction Press, Lancaster, and Longman, New York, 1980, 175 pp,&15.00) Subtitled ‘An examination of the arisings, end-uses and disposal of demolition wastes in Europe and the potential for further recovery of materials from these wastes’. A report commissioned for the CEC.

RESOURCES POLICY September 1980 269

Resources reading/Book reviews

Renewable Resources in Our Fulure by Alden D. Hinckley (Environmental Sciences and Applications, Vol 8, Pergamon, Oxford and New York, 1980, 12Opp, $6.75, USA, f2.95, UK, paperback) Assessment of problems and prospects of renewable resource management. Collection of ten essays dealing with major categories of renewable resources.

Science and Technology for Development: The Role of US Universities by Robert P. Morgan (Pergamon, Oxford and New York, l979,416pp, $32.00, USA, El6.00, UK)

Soil Survey Contracts and Quality Control by S. Western (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1978, 284 pp, f12.50) Surveys of soil, pastures and water resources are an essential part of develop- ment projects, local or regional. Much of this work is performed under contract by survey parties from consultant firms or universities under contract. This book describes how to plan such projects and to negotiate the contract, with particular reference to soil survey and executing a project under unfamiliar conditions.

Srrucrural Change and Development Policy by Hollis Chenery (Oxford University Press for the World Bank, Oxford, 1979, 526pp, f2.50) This offers both a retrospective evaluation by the author of his thought and writing

over the past two decades and an extension of his work in Redistribution With Growth (Oxford, 1974) and Patterns of Development (Oxford, 1975). Chapters discuss structural characteristics of individual countries or groups of countries, and present systematic analysis of the internal and external aspects of structural change that affect the design of policy. A set of techniques for analysing structural change is developed and applied to some of the principal problems of developing countries today.

Technological Progress in Latin America: The Prospects for Overcoming Dependency edited by James H. Street and Dilmus D. James (Westview, Boulder, CO, 1979, 257

PP) The authors argue that in Latin America there are possibilities for internal tech- nological development that have already been demonstrated and that can be extended to alleviate the dependent status of the region. Introductory section reviews the nature of technological dependency and makes a case for the stimulation of indigenous R&D; domestic obstacles and the potential for improvement are examined. The major part is devoted to case studies of successful innovations.

Tungsten, Proceedings of the First Inter- national Tungsten Symposium, Stockholm, 1979, (Mining Journal Books, 15 Wilson Street, London EC2M 2TR, UK, 1979, 181 pp, $28.00, USA, f12.50, UK)

Book reviews

Uranium

URANIUM: RESOURCES,

PRODUCTION AND DEMAND

Joint Report by the OECD Nuclear

Energy Agency and the International

Atomic Energy Agency

OECD Publications, Paris, 19 79,

195pp, f 8.70

This is the latest report on uranium supply in a series first published in 1965. Over this period the information contained about the uranium industry has gradually become more comprehensive. As a result, this 1979 edition is one of the most useful single sources of resource data, statistics and forecasts for anyone interested in nuclear power.

The report is divided into separate parts that describe the national and international aspects of uranium exploration, resources, production and demand. The bulk of the report is devoted to national reports on uranium activity and probably comprises the most detailed set of information yet available. Additionally, there is a small review of thorium resources. The general introduction includes a section of definitions that explains clearly the terms used in the report - a frequent and serious omission in some other publications. This section also addresses the still unresolved question of resource categorization and discusses the classification scheme of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in relation to other major schemes.

The main text considers the supply and demand position as analysed by the NEA and Working Group 1 of the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle

The United States, Canada and ihe New International Economic Order edited by Ervin Laszlo and Joel Kurtzman (Pergamon for UNITAR and CEESTEM, Oxford and New York, 1979, 150 pp, $15.00, USA f7.50, UK) Evaluations of US and Canadian positions with respect to the NIEO.

Uranium Resources on Federal Lands by Charles F. Zimmermann (D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA, 1980, 326pp, f 18.00) Seeks to identify deficiencies in the present US legal system regarding disposal of uranium on federal lands, and to outline alternative means for managing these lands; to assess major factors which will influence uranium prices and production costs, and develop projections of such values; to analyse relative merits of alternative systems for exploration, mining and milling of uranium on federal lands. Scope involves legal aspects of uranium production and nuclear fuel requirements.

Wasteland, A Thames Television Report (Associated Book Publishers, North Way, Andover, Hants SPlO 5BE, UK, 1980, 122 PP, f6.50) A study of London’s derelict and unused land. In detail it looks at particular difficulties faced by the Borough of Tower Hamlets, and land in disuse in both the private and public sectors is examined. Main proposition is that central planning is breaking down in coping with wasteland.

Evaluation (INFCE). Resources and production capabilities are compared with estimates of nuclear growth to the period 2000-2025. These growth estimates were based on an INFCE questionnaire of individual countries and, as such, represent an improvement on previous ‘predictions’ obtained from a far too simple approach of evaluating the need for nuclear power. Forecasts from the INFCE survey are more reasonable because they are the aggregated expectations of actual nuclear power programme planners. Whether the individual national plans are realistically attainable is, of course, open to question and the report notes this, stating that ‘all long-term nuclear growth projections are subject to frequent and substantial changes’. On this point it is interesting to see that actual nuclear capacity today is much less than the lowest forecast made in the 1973 report and that predictions for

270 RESOURCES POLICY September 1980