world history thursday, 8 october 2009
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World History Thursday, 8 October 2009. Remember to write your agenda-also, get out pen/pencil and paper to take notes! Notes: Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta reading Tomorrow: Philosophy Remember: Chapter 5 questions will be due Thursday, October 15. ANCIENT GREECE. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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World History Thursday, 8 October 2009
• Remember to write your agenda-also, get out pen/pencil and paper to take notes!
• Notes: Athens and Sparta • Athens and Sparta reading• Tomorrow: Philosophy • Remember: Chapter 5 questions will
be due Thursday, October 15
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ANCIENT GREECEANCIENT GREECEATHENS AND SPARTAATHENS AND SPARTA
Persian WarPersian WarPeloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War
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EARLY GOVERNMENTSEARLY GOVERNMENTS1. Monarchy
King/Queen – central powerNoble land ownersMilitary defenders
2. AristocracyElite Landowners ruled
3. OligarchyPower rests with fewMinority rules majority
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PHALANX
• Developed by Greeks
• Rectangular mass formation
• Disciplined to hold the front line
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ATHENS
• Located in Attica• North of the Peloponnesus• 700 BC – monarchy to
aristocracy–Noble landowners held power
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Demands for Change• Athenian wealth and power was
growing• More and more discontent with
commoners• Merchants/Soldiers wanted more
rights• Hard times for Farmers
–Sold off family members to pay off debt
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SOLON• Elected by Aristocrats to avoid Civil
War• Wise and trusted leader• Reforms
–Outlawed debt slavery (594BC)–Opened high offices to more
citizens–Gave Assembly more power
• Governing body of officials
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SOLON
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Pisistratus• Seized power in 546 BC• Tyrant – gained power by
force• Took land and power from
commoners and gave it to Nobles
• Weakened Aristocracy
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Cleisthenes• Came to power in 508
BC (defeated Hippias)• Council of 500
– Randomly chosen members
– Proposed Laws– Counseled
Assembly
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AthensAthens
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SPARTASPARTA
Education–Sickly Newborns left to die–Killed weak–7yrs old – began military training–20 yrs old – men could marry–30 yrs old – specialized training
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Women• Expected to produce healthy
sons• Exercised and strengthen
bodies• Obeyed husbands and fathers,
not so much• Could inherit property
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Government• Assembly
–Council of free men –Voted on major issues
• Council of Elders–Proposed laws
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Q&A1. Describe Phalanx2. Where is Athens located?3. Where is Sparta located?4. What is an Assembly?5. What is a Council of Elders?6. Who was a tyrant of Athens?7. Describe the education of Sparta8. Describe the women’s role of Sparta
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Olympia: Birthplace of the Olympia: Birthplace of the OlympicsOlympics
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PERSIAN WARSPERSIAN WARS
King Leonidas
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GreeceGreece
PERSIAPERSIA
IONIAIONIA
GreeceGreece PersiaPersia
IoniaIonia
Peloponnesus
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PERSIAN WARSPERSIAN WARS• Persian forces conquered Ionia
(556BC)–A Greek Polis on the coast of Asia
Minor• Aristagoras began democratic
rebellion (499 BC)–Went to Sparta – Sparta denied help–Went to Athens – Athens promised
20 ships
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• Athenians sacked Sardis, capitol of Ionia–All other Polis in Asia Minor
joined • Rebellion was defeated by Darius I• Darius I promises to make Athens
pay role in Ionian rebellion• Darius I launches an attack on
Athens (490 BC)
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Battle of MarathonBattle of Marathon
• Hippias – former Tyrant of Athens – exiled to Persia
• Miltiades – former Persian soldier – lead an army for Athens
• 25,000 Persian soldiers • 10,000 Athenian soldiers• Athenians use Phalanx formation
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• Athenians over matched Persian forces
• Casualties–Persians – 6,400–Athenians - 192
• Persian forces retreat and head for Athens
• City of Athens was left defenseless
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• Pheidippides–Athens soldier–Sprints back to Athens to tell
the city to hold on and fight• 26 miles• He delivers message and dies• City holds off Persian army
until Athenian army arrives• Persian army retreats
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Battle of Thermopylae and Battle of Thermopylae and SalamisSalamis
Xerxes is King of Persians–Persians controlled most of known
world• Asia Minor• Ionia• Judah• Mesopotamia• Egypt
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Thermopylae• 480 BC• Xerxes sent ½ by land, ½ by sea
(Army of over 1,000,000)• Narrow mountain pass• 7,000 Greeks, 300 Spartans• Greeks held off Persians for 3 days
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• Greek Traitor, Ephilates, told Xerxes about secret path around the cliffs
• 300 Spartans tried to hold Xerxes off while rest of Greeks retreated
• All Spartans were killed
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Salamis• Themistocles
–Athenian statesman–Convinced Athenians to
evacuate and fight at sea• Battled Persian ships off coast of
Salamis• Greeks used ships as battling rams• Greeks defeated 1/3 of Persian
navy
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PELOPONNESIAN WARPELOPONNESIAN WAR
Athens vs. SpartaAthens – democratic – Delian
LeagueSparta – Militaristic –
Peloponnesian LeagueBitter rivalry – both wanting to be
best league in Greece
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• Athens had best Navy in Greece• Sparta was too deep into land for Athens
Navy to be effective• Sparta had best Army in Greece• Pericles
– Leader of Athens– Knew he could not defeat Spartan’s army– Barricaded Athens population inside City
walls to battle Sparta• Plague broke out and killed 2/3s of Athens
army
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Q&AQ&A
1. Why did Athens fight for Ionia?2. Describe the Battle of Marathon3. Describe the Battle of
Thermopylae4. Describe the Battle of Salamis5. How was Athens defeated in the
Peloponnesian War? (2)