The Revolutions

By: Hannah Harrell

Thursday, August 29, 13

Magna Carta

• What country was it written for? The Magna Carta was written for the country England

• When was it written?- It was written in Latin and issued by King John on June 15, 1215.

• What did it do to the power of monarchies?- It established the rule of law -- thus the monarch was not above the law but had to obey it. Also, it established the principle of no taxation without representation which meant that the English monarch needed the consent of parliament to tax the people.

• How was this a form of “Rule of law”?- It was a rule of law because it restricted and limited some of the king’s power as well as protect the people’s rights.

Thursday, August 29, 13

Glorious Revolution• Where did it take place?- It took place in England on

1688

• Who took over as King of this country? King James 11 of England

• What document changed the power of Kings forever and was a result of this revolution?- The Magna Carta

Thursday, August 29, 13

The English Bill of Rights

• When was it written?- On September 25, 1789

• In two sentences, explain what it did- The monarch no longer had powers to override, change, enact or suspend laws. The monarch could only do so with the approval of Parliament. Likewise, the king could no longer raise an army without the consent of Parliament.

Thursday, August 29, 13

The enlightenment

• In two sentences describe what the enlightenment was. - 1.)The enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals in the 17th and 18th centuries, which began first in Europe and later in the American colonies. 2.)Its purpose was to reform society away from irrationality; specifically, away from superstition, dogmatism of all kinds, unfounded intolerance of all kinds; and, gross abuses of power by both the Catholic Church and by despotic kings

• When did it take place?- In the 18th century

• Why is it important?- The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the governments and political philosophies of most of the countries in the world today. Enlightenment thinkers reasoned that men had the right to choose what type of government they wanted and that they had the right to rebel if their ruler was not a good ruler. This was one of the first philosophical justifications for revolution that the world that philosophers had ever formulated.

Thursday, August 29, 13

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

• Where was he from?- He was from La Brede, near Bordeaux.

• What is he most famous for?- He is most famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers.

Thursday, August 29, 13

John Locke

• Where was he from?- Wrington, England

• Lifespan?- 1632-1704

• What are natural rights?- A political theory that maintains that an individual enters into society with certain basic rights and that no government can deny these rights. The modern idea of natural rights grew out of the ancient and medieval doctrines of natural law, i.e., the belief that people, as creatures of nature and God, should live their lives and organize their society on the basis of rules and precepts laid down by nature or God.

Thursday, August 29, 13

Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Where was he from?- Geneva, Switzerland

• Lifespan?-1712—1778

• What is the Social Contract?- An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. Theories of a social contract became popular in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries among theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as a means of explaining the origin of government and the obligations of subjects.

Thursday, August 29, 13

Thomas Jefferson

• Where was he from?- Shadwell, Virginia

• What is he most famous for writing?-The first draft of Thomas Edison

• Why did he switch the words from "property" to "the pursuit of happiness"?- He thought the words pursuit of happiness had more depth and meaning to it.

Thursday, August 29, 13