World HistoryChapter 10A

The Rise of Islam

Deserts, Towns and Travelers

• Bedouins lived in the desert as nomads. They were originally organized into tribes and clans

• The Bedouin ideals of courage, loyalty to family, and warrior ability helped to create the Islamic culture

• Over time some Bedouins settled at the scarce water holes called oases. They also settled in trade towns and became city dwellers

Continued

• This led to trade with the rest of the world

1. Mecca becomes a great city of trade

2. A holy shrine develops in Mecca called Ka’aba

3. This shrine eventually contains 360 idols

4. The belief in one God, or Allah in the Arabic language, also develops

Ka’aba

The Prophet Muhammad

• Muhammad was born into a fairly wealthy family in Mecca in 570 A.D.

• He was orphaned at the age of six and he is raised by a grandfather and uncle. He works in the caravan trade and he becomes an excellent business

• At the age of 25 he marries a wealthy business woman named Khadijah. They have a very happy marriage

Continued

• Throughout his life Muhammad has always prayed and meditated a great deal and in one of his meditation periods he is visited by the archangel Gabriel. Gabriel tells Muhammad that his mission in life is to proclaim the word of God (Allah)

• Muhammad starts to preach in Mecca, he is forced to leave and go to the city of Yathrib later called Medina

Muhammad

Beliefs and Practices of Islam

• Muhammad received the word of Allah while he meditated and these were written down by his followers to form the Islamic bible which is called The Qur’an

• The Qur’an states that there are five beliefs and responsibilities in the Islamic religion and these are called the 5 Pillars of Faith

5 Pillars of Faith

1. Faith-There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah

2. Prayer- Muslims are required to pray 5 times a day and they must face Mecca while they pray

3. Alms –Muslims have a responsibility to give money to help the poor

4. Fasting- During the Holy month of Ramadan Muslims must fast from sunrise to sunset

5. Pilgrimage-Muslims, if they are financially and physically able, must make a pilgrimage to Mecca during their lifetime

Continued

• Allah is the source of authority for Muslims• According to Islamic beliefs, Allah expressed

his will through the archangel Gabriel who told Muhammad in the form of the Qur’an

• The Qur’an is written in Arabic and this is the holy language of Islam. As Islam spreads the Arabic language becomes the language of diplomacy and trade

Continued

• To Muslims, Allah is the same God that the Jews and Christians worship

1. According to Muslims, Jesus is a prophet but not the Son of God

2. Muhammad is the final Prophet and the Qur’an is the final version of the Bible

Archangel Gabriel

TA10B

Read Pages 269-272

Copy & Define Terms on Page 272

Copy & Answer Questions 12, 13, & 14 on Page 280