WORLD GEOGRAPHY

Chapter 2Section 1The Earth

Our Solar System

Our Solar System

• The Sun, a star, is the center of our solar system.• It is about 109 times bigger than

our Earth.• 93 million miles from Earth.

OUR OWN STAR!!

The Planets:Neighbors in Space

• Eight planets exist in our solar

system.• Except for Mercury and Venus,

all have satellites called moons.

Pluto is no

longerconside

red aplanet.

Terrestrial Planets• Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.• All have solid rocky crusts.• Mercury and Venus are scalding hot.• Mars is a cold barren desert.• Only Earth has liquid water on the surface

and can support varieties of life.

Terrestrial Planets

Frank and Erneston Planets

Gas Giant Planets

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.• More gaseous, less dense, and larger than the

terrestrial planets.• Each is like a miniature solar systems, with

orbiting moons and thin, encircling rings.• Saturn’s rings can be easily seen from Earth.

Gas Giant Planets

SATURNRINGS CAN BE SEEN FROM PLANET EARTH

Asteroids

• Small, irregularly shaped, planet-like objects.• Mainly found between the orbits of Mars and

Jupiter in a region called the asteroid belt.• A few asteroids follow paths that cross the

earth’s orbit.

Asteroid Belt

COMETS

• Made of icy dust particles and frozen gases.• Look like bright balls with long,

feathery tails.• Orbits are inclined at every possible

angle to the earth’s orbit.

HALLEY’S COMET

Halley’s Comet

• The comet was named in honor of Edmond Halley, who predicted its appearance in 1758.

• The average period of Halley‘s orbit is 76 years.

• Its most famous appearance was in 1066 when it was seen at the Battle of Hastings.

• Its next passage will be in 2062.

METEOROIDS

• Chunks of rock and iron.• Atmospheric friction usually burns them

up before they reach the earth’s surface.• Called Meteorites when they collide with

the earth.• A giant meteorite about 65 million years

ago may have caused the end of the dinosaurs.

EARTH

• Not a perfect sphere.• The diameter at the Equator is about 7,930• miles.• Has a circumference of about 24,900 miles.

OUR MARBLE

BLUE

The watery areas of the earth, including oceans,lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water. 70% of the earth’s surface.

Hydrosphere

Lithosphere

Lithosphere Surface land areas of the earth’s crust, including continents and ocean basins. 30% of the earth’s surface

ATMOSPHERE

• A layer of gases that surrounds the earth.

• Extends about 6000 miles above the surface.

• 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, small amounts of argon and other gases.

Biosphere

The part of the earth where life exists.

Major Landforms

• Mountains• Hills• Plateaus• Plains• Others include valleys, canyons,• and basins.• Landforms contain rivers, lakes,• and streams.

Seven Continents• Africa• Asia• Antarctica (no Arctic Continent)• Australia• Europe• North America• South America

Continental ShelfThe part of a continent that extends underwater. Can slope out from land as

much as 800 miles and descend to a depth of 600 feet.

Palm Island in Dubai, UAE

The highest point on Earth at 29,035 feet

above sea level

Mt. Everest

MarianaTrench is

the deepestplace onearth at

35,827 feetbelow sea

level.

The DeadSea is the

lowestplace onland at1,349

feet belowsea level.

Death Valley is the lowest place in the United States