world geography chapter 1: the tools of geography
TRANSCRIPT
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World GeographyChapter 1:
The Tools of Geography
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do geographers show information on maps?
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Map Titles and Symbols• Map Title: identifies the map’s main topic
Example: Physical Features of Latin America
• Compass Rose: shows directions on a map• Cardinal Directions: North, South, East, and West• Intermediate Directions: Northwest, Northeast,
Southeast, Southwest
• Map Legend/Key: a box or list on a map that identifies each symbol on a map and explains what it shows on the map
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Map Grid
• Map Grid: system of imaginary lines to divide up space on their maps.
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Map Scales
• Map Scale: tells you how to read the distances on the map– Example: 1 inch
on a map might equal 10 miles on Earth.
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Hemispheres, Continents, and Oceans
• Hemisphere: half of a sphere. The Earth is divided by the equator into Northern and Southern hemispheres, and can be divided into Eastern and Western hemispheres by the prime meridian and international date line.
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Latitude and Longitude (GLOBAL GRID)
• Parallels of Latitude: lines that run east and west around the globe, they are parallel (equal distance from one another). The most important line of latitude is the equator.
• Meridians of Longitude: half circles that run from the North Pole to the South Pole- Not parallel. Most important lines of longitude are the prime meridian and international date line.
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Showing a Round World on a Flat Map
• Distortion: a change in the shape, size, or position of a place when it is shown on a map
SEE PICTURE ON PAGE 13 FOR EXAMPLE OF DISTORTION
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How do Geographers deal with Map Distortion?
• Map Projection: a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface