world bank documentdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/783141468778818974/pdf/multi0page.pdf ·...

WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 262

Novenber qqq

Health Statistics for the Americas

Haeduck Lee and Jose-Luis Bobadilla

m ~~~~~DTENR

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS

No. 189 Frederick, Balancing Water Demands with Supplies: The Role of Management in a World of Inicreasing Scarcity

No. 190 Macklin, Agricultural Extensioni in India

No. 191 Frederiksen, Water Resources Institutions: Some Principles and Practices

No. 192 McMillan, Painter, and Scudder, Settlement and Development in the River Blindness Control Zone

No. 193 Braatz, Conserving Biological Diversity: A Strategyfor Protected Areas in the Asia-Pacific Region

No. 194 Saint, Universities in Africa: Strategiesfor Stabilization and Revitalization

No. 195 Ochs and Bishay, Drainage Guidelines

No. 196 Mabogunje, Perspective o07 Urban Land and Land Management Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa

No. 197 Zymelman, editor, Assessing Engineering Education in Sub-Sahlaran Africa

No. 198 Teerink and Nakashima, Water Allocation, Rights, and Pricing: Examplesfrom Japan and the United States

No. 199 Hussi, Murphy, Lindberg, and Brenneman, The Development of Cooperatives and Other Rural Organizations:The Role of the World Bank

No. 200 McMillan, Nana, and Savadogo, Settlement and Development in the River Blindness Control Zone: Case StudyBurkina Faso

No. 201 Van Tuijl, Improving Water Use in Agriculture: Experiences in the Middle East and North Africa

No. 202 Vergara, The Materials Revolution: What Does It Meanfor Developing Asia?

No. 203 Cleaver, A Strategy to Develop Agriculture in Sub-Saharani Africa and a Focusfor the World Bank

No. 204 Barghouti, Cromwell, and Pritchard, editors, Agricultural Technologiesfor Market-Led DevelopmentOpportunities in the 1990s

No. 205 Xie, Kuffner, and Le Moigne, Using Water Efficiently: Technological Options

No. 206 The World Bank/FAO/UNIDO/Industry Fertilizer Working Group, World and Regional Supply and DemandBalancesfor Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potash, 1991/92-1997/98

No. 207 Narayan, Participatory Evaluation: Toolsfor Managing Change in Water and Sq;iitation

No. 208 Bindlish and Evenson, Evaluation of the Performance of T&V Extension in Kenya

No. 209 Keith, Property Tax: A Practical Manual for Anglophone Africa

No. 210 Bradley and McNamara, editors, Living with Trees: Policiesfor Forestry Management in Zimbabwe

No. 211 Wiebers, Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Regulation in? Developing Asia

No. 212 Frederiksen, Berkoff, and Barber, Water Resources Management in Asia, Volume l: Main Report

No. 213 Srivastava and Jaffee, Best Practicesfor Moving Seed Technology: New Approaches to Doing Business

No. 214 Bonfiglioli, Agro-pastoralism in Chad as a Strategyfor Survival: An Essay on the Relationship betweenAnthropology and Statistics

No. 215 Umali, Irrigation-Induced Salinity: A Growing Problemfor Development and the Environment

No. 216 Carr, Improving Cash Crops in Africa: Factors Influencing the Productivity of Cotton, Coffee, and Tea Grown bySmallholders

No. 217 Antholt, Getting Readyfor the Twenty-First Century: Technical Change and Institutional Modernization in Agriculture

No. 218 Mohan, editor, Bibliography of Publications: Technical Department, Africa Region, July 1987 to December 1992

No. 219 Cercone, Alcohol-Related Problems as an Obstacle to the Development of Human Capital: Issues and Policy Options

No. 220 Kingsley, Ferguson, Bower, and Dice, Managing Urban Environmental Quality in Asia

No. 221 Srivastava, Tamboli, English, Lal, and Stewart, Conserving Soil Moisture and Fertility in the Warm Seasonally Dry Tropics

No. 222 Selvaratnam, Ininovations in Higher Education: Singapore at the Competitive Edge

No. 223 Piotrow, Treiman, Rimon, Yun, and Lozare, Strategies for Family Planning Promotion

No. 224 Midgley, Urban Transport in Asia: An Operational Agendafor the 1990s

No. 225 Dia, A Governance Approach to Civil Service Reform1 in Sub-Saharan Africa

(List continues on the inside back cover)

WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 262

Health Statistics for the Americas

Haeduck Lee, Jose-Luis Bobadilla

The World BankWashington, D.C.

Copyright i) 1994The International Bank for Reconstructionand Development/THE WORLD BANK1818 H Street, N.W.Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.

All rights reservedManufactured in the United States of AmericaFirst printing November 1994

Technical Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development com-munity with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accor-dance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibili-ty for errors. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available.

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of theauthor(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations,or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank doesnot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatso-ever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other informationshown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment onthe legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of itshould be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. TheWorld Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and,when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy por-tions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, U.S.A.

The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index ofPublications, which contains an alphabetical title list (with full ordering information) and indexes of sub-jects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from theDistribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433,U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'Iena, 75116 Paris, France.

ISSN: 0253-7494

Haeduck Lee is an economist in the Latin American and the Caribbean Technical Department of theWorld Bank. Jose-Luis Bobadilla is a senior health specialist in the Population, Health, and NutritionDepartment of the World Bank.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Lee, Haeduck.Health statistics for the Americas / Haeduck Lee and Jose-Luis

Bobadilla.p. cm - (World Bank technical paper; no. 262)

Includes bibliographical references.ISBN 0-8213-3037-31. Public health-America-Statistics. 2. Mortality-America-

Statistics. 3. America-Statistics, Medical. I. Bobadilla, Jos6Luis. II. Title. III. Series.RA407.5.A45L44 1994362.1'0973'021-dc2O 94-36261

CIP

- 111 -

Contents

Foreword ........................................ V

Acknowledgements .................................. vi

Introduction ..................................... 1

Part A. Tables by Subject ............................. 3

Table A. 1 Basic Data: National Income and Demographics ......... 5Table A.2 Population Structure and Dynamics ................ 6Table A.3 Nutrition and Health Behavior ................... 7Table A.4 Mortality, by Broad Cause, and Tuberculosis Incidence ... . 8Table A.5 Health Infrastructure and Services ................. 9Table A.6 Health Expenditure and Total Flows from External Assistance 10Table A.7 Miscellaneous Indicators ....................... 11

Part B. Country Profiles: National Indicators for Health Planning .. .. 13

Table B. 1 Antigua and Barbuda ......................... 15Table B.2 Argentina ............................... 16Table B.3 Bahamas ................................ 17Table B.4 Barbados ............................... 18Table B.5 Belize ................................. 19Table B.6 Bolivia ................................. 20Table B.7 Brazil ................................. 21Table B.8 Canada ................................ 22Table B.9 Chile .................................. 23Table B. 10 Colombia ............................... 24Table B. 11 Costa Rica .............................. 25Table B.12 Cuba .................................. 26Table B. 13 Dominica ............................... 27Table B. 14 Dominican Republic ......................... 28Table B.15 Ecuador ............................... 29Table B.16 El Salvador ............................. 30Table B. 17 Grenada ............................... 31Table B. 18 Guatemala .............................. 32Table B.19 Guyana ................................ 33Table B.20 Haiti ................................. 34

- iv -

Table B.21 Honduras ............................... 35Table B.22 Jamaica ............................... 36Table B.23 Mexico ................................ 37Table B.24 Nicaragua .............................. 38Table B.25 Panama ................................ 39Table B.26 Paraguay ............................... 40Table B.27 Peru .................................. 41Table B.28 Puerto Rico ............................. 42Table B.29 St. Kitts and Nevis ........................ 43Table B.30 St. Lucia .............................. 44Table B.31 St. Vincent ............................. 45Table B.32 Suriname ............................... 46Table B.33 Trinidad and Tobago ....................... 47Table B.34 United States ............................ 48Table B.35 Uruguay ............................... 49Table B.36 Venezuela .............................. 50

Part C. Technical Notes .............................. 51

v

Foreword

The preparation of the World Bank's World Development Report 1993:Investing in Health (WDR) included a substantial effort to assembleinternationally comparable statistics on a broad range of health indicators.Much of this effort invloved compiling data from existing sources; and muchof it involved substantial analytical efforts to improve the quality andcomparability of data (e.g. for trends in under-5 mortality rates and for levelsof health expenditures). Appendix A of the WDR contains the resultingstatistical tables.

This Technical Report presents an expanded and somewhat updatedversion of the WDR Appendix Tables for the countries of Latin America andthe Caribbean, Canada and the United States. While the population cut-off forinclusion in the WDR was 3 million, these tables include all countries.Country profiles have been added to the topical tables to facilitate use.Comparison with other global figures and with the developing world as awhole have been retained.

If this document proves useful, we expect to update it every few years.

Sri-Ram AiyerDirector

Technical DepartmentLatin America and the Caribbean Regional Office

- vi -

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. Dean Jamison for motivating thiswork and providing guidance in all stages. Ms. Anna Maripuu provided thenecessary background materials. Ms. My Vu kindly allowed us to use themost updated information on population and other demographic characteristics.The study benefited from valuable contributions from Professor Kenneth Hillof Johns Hopkins University, and Professor Christopher Murray, Dr. RameshGovindaraj, and Ms. Caroline Cook of Harvard University.

* I -

Introduction

This report provides an expanded set of the World Development Report1993's data on health conditions, services and expenditures for countries in theAmericas. The data sets are based on WDR's Appendix A ("StatisticalData"), but go beyond those data in several ways: (i) the large number ofLatin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries with populations less than 3million, which were excluded from WDR because of lack of space, wereadded; (ii) for completeness and comparison, data from Canada and the U.S.were included, and (iii) a few statistics have been revised when up-dated databecame available. The report presents the data in two separate ways -- bysubject, and by country. Part A presents the tables by subject; Part B presentsthe tables by country. Part C contains technical notes concerning methods anddata sources.

Tables by Subject

Table A. 1 is new, with basic data regarding national income anddemographics. In Tables A. 1 through A.7, all countries have been sorted andpresented in alphabetical order.

Efforts were made to include more up-to-date data in this report,whenever they became available. Updates were carried out for the followingeight statistics: GNP, GNP per capita, population, population growth rate,total fertility, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, and maternalmortality rate.

Newly revised figures on health expenditure-related statistics are madeavailable, leading to an extensive update of previous statistics as well asadding more countries in Table A.6.

Additional statistics in country profile tables, not in the WDR 1993, arepresented in the Table A.7 under the heading of "Miscellaneous Indicators".

In all tables by subject, the statistics for Canada and the United Statesare included for the purpose of comparison. But they have not been includedin the computation of regional summary statistics.

Country Profiles

For those 36 countries for which per capita GNP is available, countryprofile tables have been constructed to give a snapshot of health conditions.For comparison, each of these profiles also contains the summary statistics forthe LAC Region, countries in similar income groups, and the world.

Part A. Tables by Subject

- 5-

Table A. I Basic Data: National Income and Demographics

GNP Population GNP Urban1992 Population, Growth Rate per Capita Population

Demographic Region (millions 1992 1985-92 1991 1991and Economy of USS) (millions) (% p.a.) (USS) (Percent)

Anguilla - 0.01 -Antigua and Barbuda 395 0.08 1.0 4,430 -

Argentina 200,282 33.1 1 .3 2,790 87Aruba _ 0.07 - -Bahamas, The 3,161 0.26 1.9 11,750 -

Barbados 1,693 0.26 0.3 6,630 -

Belize 442 0.19 2.6 2,010 -

Bolivia 5,084 7.5 2.5 650 52Brazil 425,412 154.0 1.8 2,940 76British Virgin Islands - 0.01 - - -

Canada 565,787 27.8 1.4 20,440 77Cayman Islands - 0.02 - - -

Chile 37,064 13.6 1.7 2,160 86Colombia 44,555 33.4 1.8 1,260 71Costa Rica 6,261 3.1 2.5 1,850 48Cuba - 10.8 1.0 - -Dominica 181 0.07 1.9 2,440 -

Dominican Republic 7,611 7.3 1.9 940 61Ecuador 11,843 11.0 2.5 1,000 57El Salvador 6,283 5.4 1.8 1,080 45French Guiana - 0.13 - - -Grenada 210 0.09 -0.2 2,180Guadeloupe - 0.40 1.7 - -Guatemala 9,568 9.7 2.9 930 40Guyana 268 0.8 0.3 430 -

Hlaiti 2,479 6.7 2.0 370 29Honduras 3,142 5.4 3.1 580 45Jamaica 3,216 2.4 0.8 1,380 53Martinique - 0.37 1.0 - -

Mexico 294,831 85.0 1.8 3,030 73Monuserrat - 0.01 - - -

Netherlands Antilles -- 0.19 0.9 - -Nicaragua 1,325 3.9 2.8 460 60Panama 6,133 2.5 2.1 2,130 54Paraguay 6,038 4.5 2.9 1,270 48Peru 21,272 22.4 2.1 1,070 71Puerto Rico 23,603 4.0 0.8 6,350 -

St. Kitts and Nevis 181 0.04 -0.4 3,960 -St. Lucia 453 0.15 1.9 2,490 -

St. Vincent 217 0.11 0.9 1,730 -

Suriname 1,728 0.4 2.3 3,630 -

Trinidad and Tobago 4,995 1.3 1.3 3,670 70Turks and Caicos Islands - 0.01 - -

United States 5,904,822 255.4 0.9 22,240 75Uruguay 10,444 3.1 0.6 2,840 86Venezuela 58,901 20.2 2.5 2,730 85Virgin Islands (U.S.) - 0.10 -1.4 -

;d"'-'"@:; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ..... '. , '. ....';:' , .

Note: In all tables, the demographically developing group includes the LAC region. Figures for the weighted averageand the overall total for the world and the demographically developing group were not updated although some datafor LAC were updated along with the LAC aggregate figures.

- 6-

Table A.2 Population Structure and Dynamics

Population and Fertility General Mortality Age-specific Mortality Rates

Total Adult MortalityUnder 15 60 years Total Livc Births Life Expectancy Median Perinntal Child Mortity Rate, 1990

Population, years old, and over Ftrtility per year at Birth Age at Mortality Rate (a-es 15-59)Demographic Region 1992 1990 1990 Rate, 1992 Death, rate,and Economy (fnillions) (percent) (percent) 1992 (100,000) 1960 1992 1990 1990 1960 1975 1990 Male Female

. ... c...'...'.... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ . ...............

Anguilla 0.01 - _ _ _Antigua and Barbuda 0.08 38 8 1.9 0.01 62 74Argentina 33.1 30 13 2.8 6.7 67 71 72 28 73 56 26 168 90Aruba 0.07 - - 2.1 0.01 - 76Bahamas, The 0.26 45 7 2.1 0.05 63 72Barbados 0.26 25 15 1.8 0.04 64 75 - - - - -

Belize 0.19 41 6 4.5 0.07 53 69 - - - - - - -Bolivia 7.5 43 5 4.7 2.7 43 60 13 37 251 205 125 330 269Brazil 154.0 35 7 2.8 35.8 52 66 57 35 179 110 69 250 182British Virgin Islands 0.01 - .Canada 27.8 21 16 1.8 3.9 71 77 76 8 33 16 9 146 65Cayman Islands 0.02 - - - - - - - _ - - - _ _Chile 13.6 31 9 2.7 2.9 55 72 69 14 155 68 20 214 112Colombia 33.4 35 6 2.7 7.9 58 69 66 33 132 88 21 200 109Costa Rica 3.1 36 6 3.1 0.8 62 76 - - 111 50 16 - -

Cuba 10.8 23 12 1.7 1.6 63 76 77 17 49 34 12 134 95Dominica 0.07 36 11 2.5 0.02 - 72 - - - - - - -

Dominican Republic 7.3 37 6 3.0 1.9 56 68 49 35 149 114 56 212 147Ecuador 11.0 39 6 3.5 3.3 53 67 57 37 174 120 42 218 157El Salvador 5.4 44 6 4.0 1.8 51 66 32 39 188 146 52 318 217French Guiana 0.13 - - - 0.04 - - - - -Grenada 0.09 35 10 2.9 0.02 63 70 - - -Guadeloupe 0.40 27 11 2.2 0.08 62 74 - - -Guatemala 9.7 45 5 5.1 3.7 49 65 23 40 205 152 84 287 227Guyana 0.8 36 6 2.6 0.2 56 65 - - - - - - -Haiti 6.7 40 6 4.7 2.3 47 55 18 43 221 208 156 413 406Honduras 5.4 45 5 4.9 2.0 49 66 23 39 203 126 62 220 162Jamaica 2.4 34 9 2.7 0.6 63 74 - - - -Martinique 0.37 23 13 2.0 0.06 - 76 - - - -

Mexico 85.0 37 6 3.2 23.8 56 70 60 30 148 95 38 212 164Montserrat 0.01 - - 2.4 0.00 - 72 - - - - -

Negherlands Antilles 0.19 27 10 2.1 0.04 - 77 - - - -

Nicaragua 3.9 46 4 5.0 1.5 50 67 13 35 191 149 106 283 264Panama 2.5 35 7 2.9 0.6 61 73 - - 105 54 22 - -Paraguay 4.5 41 5 4.6 1.5 64 67 42 37 92 70 37 261 210Peru 22.4 38 6 3.3 5.8 45 65 47 40 233 157 73 272 221Puerto Rico 4.0 26 14 2.3 0.6 67 76 75 18 70 27 15 155 77St. Vincent 0.11 35 8 2.5 0.02 59 71 - - - -St. Kitts and Nevis 0.04 30 20 2.6 0.01 - 68 - - - -St. Lucia 0.15 41 9 3.0 0.04 57 71 - - - -

Suriname 0.4 36 7 2.8 0.1 60 69 - - - -

Trinidad and Tobago 1.3 34 8 2.8 0.3 63 71 - - 73 49 24Turk and Caicos lslands 0.01 - - - - -

United States 255.4 22 17 1.9 38.6 70 76 76 10 31 19 11 157 75Uruguay 3.1 26 16 2.3 0.5 71 74 73 17 55 58 23 194 101Venezuela 20.2 38 6 3.6 6.0 67 70 62 26 78 59 26 196 105Virgin Islands (U.S.) 0.10 33 8 2.6 0.02 - 75 - - - - - - _

| , , , , , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~. .R< r,, R R 0

|.~~~~~~$~ 7gE!>~ 2 ~$

-7-

Table A.3 Nutrition and Health Behavior

Percentage of Children Affected byPercenap of Prevalence of Anemia Tobacco Consumption per year

Stunting Wasting Children in Pregnnt Womea (kilograms per capita(ages 24-59 (ages 12-23 FuUy Brastd (percentap below the in adult population)

Demographic Region months) months) 19S5-90 norm for hemoglobin)and Economy 1980-90* 1980-90* (ages 0-3 months) 1970's and 1980's 1974-76 1990 2000

.0Anguilla - - - - - - -Antigua and Barbuda - - - 58 - - -

Argentina - - - - 3.1 1.9 1.9Aruba - - - - - - -Bahamas, The - - - 12 - - -Barbados - - - 29 - - -Belize - - - 65 - - -

Bolivia 38 2 75 36 - - -

Brazil 29 6 34 34 2.1 1.8 1.9British Virgin Islands - - - 10 - - -

Canada S 1 - - 3.8 2.6 2.2Cayman Islands - - - 1S - - -

Chile 10 1 - 20 1.3 0.9 1.0Colombia 23 1 40 24 1.9 2.0 2.3Costa Rica 8 3 - 28 - - -

Cuba - 1 - - 4.8 4.5 5.0Dominica - - - 28 - - -

Dominican Republic 19 1 42 - 0.8 1.1 1.1Ecuador 39 4 54 46 - - -

El Salvador 36 6 - 14 1.2 0.9 0.9French Guiana - - - - - -

Grenada - - - 63Guadeloupe - - - -

Guatemala 57 13 - - - - -

Guyana - - - 58Haiti 51 17 - 64Honduras 34 2 - -

Jamaica 7 6 - 62Martinique - - - - - - -

Mexico 22 6 44 41 1.4 1.0 1.1Montserrat - - - 82 - - -

Netherlands Antilles - - -

Nicaragua 22 0Panama - - - - - -

Paraguay 17 0 - 63 1.9 0.9 0.9Peru 37 2 58 53 - - -

Puerto Rico - - - - - - -St. Kitts and Nevis - - - 57 - - -

St. Lucia - - - 22 - - -St. Vincent - - - 20 - - -Suriname - - - - - - -

Trinidad and Tobago 4 5 22 53 -

Turks and Caicos Islands - - - 65 - - -

United States 2 2 17 3.8 2.6 2.2Uruguay 16Venezuela 7 4 29 1.8 1.5 1.7Virgin Islands (U.S.) . ...

* Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.

Table A.4 Mortality, by Broad Cause, and Tuberculosis Incidence

Mortality Rates due to Major Causes of Death(deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age) Annual

Incidence RateConunuricable Non- of Tuberculosis

Disee and Materal Communicable (per 100,000Demographic Region and Perinltal Causes Diamsr Injuries population)and Economv 1985-90* 1985-90* 1985-90 1990~~~~~~~~~~~.......'......

-. t ..... :.... .... :Xi

Anguilla _ _

Antigua and Barbuda -

Argentina 107 530 59 50ArubaBahamas, The - -Barbados - -

BelizeBolivia - - - 335Brazil - - - 56British Virgin Islands - -

Canada 39 395 48 8Cayman Islands - -

Chile 131 444 88 67Colombia - - - 67Costa Rica - -

Cuba 73 472 82 10Dominica - -

Dominican Rep. 206 443 88 110Ecuador 210 448 119 166El Salvador 202 385 201 110French Guiana - -

Grenada - - --Guadeloupe - -

Guatemala 595 523 113 110Guyana - -Haiti - - 333Honduras - - - 133Jamaica - -

Martinique - -

Mexico 168 490 102 110Montserrat - -

Netherlands Antilles - -Nicaragua - - - 110Panama - -

Paraguay - - - 166Peru 327 392 53 250Puerto Rico 78 447 59 8St. Kitts and Nevis - -

St. Lucia - -

St. Vincent - -

Suriname - -

Trinidad and Tobago - -Turks and Caicos Islands -- - - -United States 54 447 58 10Uruguay 98 519 67 15Venezuela 151 449 110 44Virgin Islands (U. S.)

* Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.

-9-

Table A.5 Health Infrastructure and Services

Percentage of Children Immunized,Doctors per Hospital Beds age less than 1 year

1,000 Nurse-to- per 1,000 Third DoseDemographic Region opulation Doctor Ratio Population of DPT, Measlesand Economy 1988-92* 1988-92* 1985-1990* 1990-1991* 1990-1991

.~~~............. .................... .... ... .. ...

Anguilla 3.7 99 99Antigua and Barbuda - - 4.5 99 89Argentina 2.99 0.2 4.8 84 99ArubaBahamas, The 1.30 2.9 4.2 86 87Barbados 0.89 3.3 8.2 91 87Belize 0.65 2.7 1.1 84 74Bolivia 0.48 0.7 1.3 58 73Brazil 1.46 0.1 3.5 75 83British Virgin Islands - - 3.8 98 84Canada 2.22 4.7 16.1 85 85Cayman Islands - - 3.0 99 89Chile 0.46 0.8 3.3 91 93Colombia 0.87 0.6 1.5 84 75Costa Rica 1.04 0.5 2.6 90 96Cuba 3.75 1.7 5.0 99 99Dominica 0.32 8.2 4.1 98 98Dominican Rep. 1.08 0.7 2.0 47 69Ecuador 1.04 0.3 1.7 89 54El Salvador 0.64 1.5 1.5 60 53French Guiana - -- 8.9 - -

Grenada 0.47 3.7 6.9 85 96Guadeloupe 1.40 2.2 11.2 - -

Guatemala 0.44 2.5 1.7 63 48Guyana 0.16 2.3 2.2 81 76Haiti 0.14 0.8 0.8 41 31Honduras 0.32 1.0 1.1 94 86Jamaica 0.48 3.2 2.4 83 68Martinique 1.56 2.3 10.7 - -

Mexico 0.54 0.8 1.3 64 78Monlserral 0.42 8.0 5.6 99 99Netherlands Antilles -- - 13.7 - -

Nicaragua 0.60 0.5 1.8 71 54Panama 1.19 0.9 3.2 82 80Paraguay 0.62 1.7 1.0 79 74Peru 1.03 0.9 1.5 71 59Puerto Rico 2.55 -- 4.0 - -St. Kitts and Nevis 0.44 7.0 5.5 99 99St. Lucia 0.26 6.5 4.1 89 82St. Vincent 023 12.1 4.9 99 99Suriname 0.79 3.1 4.7 83 65Trinidad and Tobago 1.04 2.8 3.8 82 70Turks and Caicos Islands - -- 4.5 99 99United States 2.38 2.8 5.3 67 80Uruguay 2.90 0.2 4.6 88 82Venezuela 1.55 0.5 2.9 54 54Virgin Islands (U.S.) - -- 05 - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. . . -... -..---. ---- ..-

-. s-., ........ 'P,",',OVW..

EachvalUp Grfr ; o ' " ' n

* Each value refers to one particular but not specifised year within the tune period denoted.

- 10 -

Table A.6 Health Expenditure and Total Flows from External Assistance

Toal health Expenditre Health Expenditures Developmnent Assistance for Health(official exchange rate dollars) ax a percentage of GDP

Total Aid Flows as aAid Flows percentage of

Public Private in dollars Aid Flown Totl HealthDemographic Region Millions Per Capita Total Sector Sector (millions) /a per Capita Expenditureand Economy 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990

AnguillaAntigua and Barbuda 21 262 5.0 2.9 2.1 1 8.7 3.3Argentina 10,079 312 9.6 5.9 3.7 11 0.3 0.1ArubaBahamas, The 177 688 5.7 2.6 3.1 0 0.0 0.0Barbados 108 419 6.5 3.3 3.2 2 6.1 1.5Belizc 22 118 5.8 3.4 2.4 2 12.8 10.8Bolivia 247 34 5.5 2.4 3.1 37 5.1 20.3Brazil 33,445 222 6.4 2.8 3.6 84 0.6 0.3British Virgin Islands 7 548 4.8 2.7 2.1 0 0.0 0.0Canada 51,594 1,945 9.1 6.8 2.4 - - -

Cayman Islands 15 701 4.0 2.0 2.0 0 0.0 0.0Chile 2,017 153 7.3 3.4 3.6 10 0.7 0.5Colombia 2,116 65 5.1 3.0 2.2 26 0.8 1.6Costa Rica 523 186 9.2 7.6 1.6 4 1.6 0.8Cuba - - - - - 3 0.3 -

Dominica 14 191 8.0 6.4 1.6 2 27.9 14.6Dominican Rep. 417 59 5.7 2.1 3.6 11 1.5 4.1Ecuador 402 39 3.7 2.6 1.1 31 3.0 7.0El Salvador 300 58 5.9 2.6 3.3 44 8.5 13.9French Guiana - - - - - - -

Grenada 12 136 6.1 4.3 1.8 0 4.7 3.4Guadeloupe - - - - - - -

Guatemala 306 33 4.5 2.1 2.4 32 3.4 11.1Guyana 32 40 10.0 8.8 1.2 15 18.4 -

Haiti 173 27 7.0 3.2 3.8 33 5.1 17.0Honduras 331 65 5.7 2.9 2.8 20 4.0 15.1Jamaica 200 83 5.0 3.4 1.7 19 7.8 9.5Martinique - - - - - - -

Mexico 9,389 112 3.9 1.6 2.4 65 0.8 0.7Montserrat - - - - - - - -

Netherlands Antilles - - - - - - -

Nicaragua 120 31 8.0 6.7 1.3 27 6.9 20.0Panama 417 173 8.7 5.5 3.2 15 6.1 3.5Paraguay 244 57 4.5 1.2 3.3 10 2.4 6.4Peru 1,280 59 3.1 1.1 2.0 29 1.4 2.7Puerto Rico - - - - - - - -

St. Kitts and Nevis 11 263 7.4 4.3 3.1 1 29.9 11.4St. Lucia 27 179 7.6 5.6 2.0 0 2.4 1.3St. Vincent 12 110 6.1 4.0 2.1 0 2.7 2.5Suriname 75 168 5.2 1.2 4.0 2 3.8 2.3Trinidad and Tobago 248 200 5.1 2.9 2.2 1 1.1 0.6Turks and Caicos Islands - - - - - - - -

United States 690,667 2,763 12.7 5.6 7.0 - - -Uruguay 380 123 4.6 2.6 2.1 5 1.7 1.4Venezuela 2,009 102 4.2 2.0 2.2 2 0.1 0.1Virgin Islands (U.S.) - - - -- - - - -

te: A id fow f e t astn4c a. i.o a s .r 3...2,iaf...l. NGO asi

Note: Aid flows are of ficial development assistance, and include only a small portion of privatc flows ( NGO aui tanoce)

- 1.1 -

Table A.7 Miscellaneous Indicators

Babies with Married Births InfantFemale Annual Rate Maternal Low Birth Women Using Attended Mortality

Prinmary of Life Years Mortality Weights Contraception by Health Rate,Demographic Region Education Lost, 1990 Rate, 1988 1985 1989 Staff, 1985 1992and Economy 1990 (per 1,000) (per 100,000) (percent) (percent) (percent) (per 1000)

tAti~~~~~~~~~~~i Amet~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ca and~~~~~::: M.

th~~~C~ibbe~~~,LA~~~) 103w 161'~~~~~~ 11w 64~~w :43,2w

Anguilla - - - - - -Antigua and Barbuda - - - -- - - 20.0Argentina 114 12 140 6 - - 29.0Aruba - - - - - - 14.0Bahamas, The - - - - - - 25.0Barbados - - - - - - 10.0Belize - - - - - - 41.0Bolivia 78 59 371 15 30 36 82.0Brazil - 26 140 8 65 73 57.0British Virgin Islands - - - - - - -Canada 104 9 - 6 - 99 7.0Cayman Islands - - - - -Chile 97 13 40 7 - 97 17.0Colombia 111 11 200 15 66 51 21.0Costa Rica 101 - 18 9 - 93 14.0Cuba - - - - - -- 10.2Dominica - - - - - - 18.0Dominican Rep. 96 24 300 16 56 57 52.5Ecuador - 21 156 10 53 27 45.0El Salvador 78 28 148 15 47 35 40.0French Guiana - - - - - - 22.2Grenada - - - - - -- 28.6Guadeloupe - - - -- - - 12.0Guatemala - 41 - 10 23 19 62.0Guyana - - - - - -- 48.0Haiti - 69 600 17 11 20 93.0Honduras 109 27 221 20 41 50 49.0Jamaica 105 - 115 8 55 89 14.0Martinique - - - - - - 10.0Mexico 110 17 200 15 53 - 35.0Montserrat - - - - -- - 27.5Netherlands Antilles - - - -- -- -- 12.2Nicaragua 101 45 300 15 - - 52.5Panama 105 - 60 8 - 83 21.0Paraguay 106 22 300 6 48 22 35.5Peru - 32 165 9 - 55 52.0Puerto Rico - - - -- -St. Kitts and Nevis - - - - _ _ 34.0St. Lucia - - - - - - 18.5St. Vincent - - - - -- -- 20.1Suriname - - - - - - 36.5Trinidad and Tobago 96 - 89 53 90 15.0Turks and Caicos Islands - - - -- - - -United States 104 11 - 7 74 100 9.0Uruguay 106 is 36 8 - - 20.0Venezuela 94 13 55 9 - 82 33.0Virgin Islands (U.S.) - - - - - - 20.0

: .$ ... ... ... ... .......... gg', R , n::::::.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. . .. .. . .. . .

R ,,,,. ,.,.,, .. e .RltSi RgnR:RR tR':g R',

Part B. Country Profiles

- 15 -

Table B.1 National Indicators for Health Planning: Antigua and BarbudaLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region

Antigua and Total or Upper-middleIndicators Barbuda average Minimum Maximum income group Word

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 395 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollara) 1991 /b 4,430 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4.167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 73 51

Demiographic

Population (millions) 1992 0.08 454 0.01 154 604 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 1.0 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 1.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 38 36 23 46 31 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 8 7 4 16 11 9

Mortality

Life expectancy at birth 1992 74 70 54 78 69 65Median age of death 1990 - 55 13 77 63 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1.000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 20 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 28 40Infant mortality rate 1992 20 45 12 107 33 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 148 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 - 60 12 156 42 96

Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 240 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 136 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 132 268

Nutdtlonal and health behavior

Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 26 42Wasted children llow weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 -- 5 0 17 6 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 16 --

Anemic pregnant women Ipercent below the norml 1970-1990- 58 35 14 64 34 42Babies with low birth weight Ipercent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56

Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9

Disease specIfIc Indicators

Mortality rates due to major causes of death

deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, maternal and parinatal 1985-90- - 193 73 595 93 187

Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 575 626Injury 1985-90 - 95, 53 201 109 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 79 142

Health Infrastructure and servIces

Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- - 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34

Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92 - 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 4.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 99 71 41 99 71 80

Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 89 75 31 99 82 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55

Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 21 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 262 105 25 138 167 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.9 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2

Development assistance for health /c

Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 1 591 2 84 202 --

Aid flows per capita 1990 8.7 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 -

Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 3.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993.

/a Source: World Bank Atlas.

/b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.

/c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures

- 16 -

Table B.2 National Indicators for Health Planning: ArgentinaLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for regionTotal or Upper-middle

Indicators Argentina average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollers) 1992 /a 200.282 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763GNP per capia Idollars) 1991 /b 2,790 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentagel 1990 /b 114 100 78 114 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 87 71 29 87 73 51

DenographicPopulation (millions) 1992 33.1 454 0.01 154 604 5,267Population growth rate leverage annual) 1985-92/a 1.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 2.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4Population under 15 yearn old (percentagel 1990 30 36 23 46 31 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 13 7 4 16 11 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 72 70 54 76 69 65Median age of death 1990 72 55 13 77 63 55Annual rate of life yearn lost (per 1,000 people} 1990 /b 17 22 10 69 20 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 28 33 14 43 28 40Infant mortality rate 1992 24 45 12 107 33 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 73 161 49 251 148 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 26 60 12 156 42 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 168 228 134 413 240 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 90 163 77 406 136 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 85 136 21 480 132 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age. percentagel 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 26 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 -- 5 0 17 6 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percenti 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 16 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990 -- 35 14 64 34 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 6 10 6 20 10 14Maried women using contraception (percentagel 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1.9 1.8 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9

Disease specific IndicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90- 107 193 73 595 93 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 530 494 385 530 575 626Injury 1985-90- 59 95 53 201 109 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 50 92 8 335 79 142

Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1.000 population 1988-92- 2.99 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.2 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 4.8 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 84 71 41 99 71 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 99 75 31 99 82 79Births attended by heaith staff Ipercentl 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 10,079 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1.702,t55Per capita total heaith expenditure 1990 312 105 25 138 167 323Total hesith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 9.6 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.9 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9Private sector heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.7 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 11 591 2 84 202 --

Aid flows per capita 1990 0.3 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 --

Aid flows as percent of total heaith expenditure 1990 0.1 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total heaith expenditures.

- 17 -

Table B.3 National Indicators for Health Planning: BahamasLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region

Total or High

Indicators Bahamas average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and social

GNP (millions of exchange rate dollarsl 1992 /a 3,161 1,199,271 181 425.412 16,761.967 21,024,763

GNPper capita (dollarsl 1991 lb 11.750 2,411 370 11,750 21,425 4,167

Females with complete primary education Ipercentagel 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97

Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 77 51

Demographic

Population (millions) 1992 0.26 454 0.01 154 791 5,267

Population growth rate (average annuall 1985-92 /a 1.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 0.6 1.7

Total fertility rate 1992 2.1 3.3 1.9 5.5 1.7 3.4

Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 45 36 23 46 20 32

Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 7 7 4 16 18 9

Mortality

Life expectancy at birth 1992 72 70 54 76 77 65

Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 77 55

Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 11 34

Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 9 40

Infant mortality rate 1992 25 45 12 107 8 62

Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 36 195


Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 147 234

Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 73 169

Matemal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 10 268

Nutritional and health behavior

Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 3 42

Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 2 12

Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 -- --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 12 35 14 64 14 42

Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 6 14

Married women using contraception (parcentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 71 56

Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adultsl 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 2.4 1.9

Disease specific Indicators


deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for agel:

Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90- - 193 73 595 48 187

Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 423 626

Injury 1985-90- - 95, 53 201 50 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 peoplel 1990 -- 92 8 335 21 142

Health Infrastructure and services

Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 1.30 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.50 1.34

Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 2.9 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.3 1.4

Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 4.2 2.6 0.8 5.0 8.3 3.6

Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 86 71 41 99 81 80

Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 87 75 31 99 77 79

Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 99 55

Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 177 46,660 133 19,871 1,481,069 1,702,455

Per capita total health expenditure 1990 688 105 25 138 1,875 323

Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 9.0 8.0

Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 5.5 4.9

Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 3.4 3.2



Aid flows per capita 1990 0.0 1.3 0.1 8.5 -- --

Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.0 1.3 0.1 20.3 -- --

'Each value refors to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.

Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993.



/c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 18 -

Table B.4 National Indicators for Health Planning: BarbadosLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for regionTotal or Upper-middle

Indicators Barbados average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 1,693 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 6,630 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentagel 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 73 51

DemiographlcPopulation imillions) 1992 0.26 454 0.01 154 604 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 1.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 25 36 23 46 31 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 15 7 4 16 11 9

MortalityUfe expectancy at birth 1992 75 70 54 76 69 65Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 63 55Annual rate of life years lost Iper 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 20 3.Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 28 40Infant mortality rate 1992 10 45 12 107 33 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 - 161 49 251 148 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 - 60 12 156 42 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 240 234Adult mortality rate for women /15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 136 169Maternal mortality rate (per 1 00,000 live births) 1 988/lb -- 136 21 480 132 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 26 42Wasted children ilow weight for height, percentage) 1960-91t -- 5 0 17 6 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 16 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 29 35 14 64 34 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9

Disease apacifMc IndicatorMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90- -- 193 73 595 93 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 575 626Injury 1985-90 -- . 95 53 201 109 84


Health Infrastructure and servIcesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0. 89 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 3.3 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 8.2 2.6 0,8 5.0 6.1 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 91 71 41 99 71 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 87 75 31 99 82 79Births attended by heatth staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55

Health expanditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 108 46.660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 419 105 25 138 167 323Total heafth expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.5 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.3 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9Private sector heafth expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 2 591 2 84 202Aid flows per capita 1990 6.1 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 --

Aid flows as percent of total heafth expenditure 1990 1.5 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 19 -

Table B.5 National Indicators for Health Planning: BelizeLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region Middle andTotal or lower-middle

Indicators Belize average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 la 442 1.199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 2,010 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167Females with complete primary education Ipercentagel 1990 /b -- 100 7B 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb -- 71 29 87 53 51

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 0.19 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate laverage annual) 1985-92 /a 2.6 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 4.5 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 41 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 8 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 69 70 54 76 67 65Median age of death 1990 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 41 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women 415-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 ;86 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height. percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 7 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed Ipercent) 1985-91' -- 41 4 75 20 --

Anemic pregniant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 65 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985/b -- 10 6 20 11 14Married women using contraception Ipercentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

Disease specific indicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.65 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 2.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1.000 population 1985-90' 1.1 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 84 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 74 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 22 46,660 133 19.871 53,170 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 118 105 25 138 78 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.8 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows lin millions of dollarsl 1990 2 591 2 84 536Aid flows per capita 1990 12.8 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 10.8 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6

'Each value refers to one particular but not specilied year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas/b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 20 -

Table B.6 National Indicators for Health Planning: BoliviaLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Bolivia average Minimum Maximum income group Wodd

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 5,084 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 650 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4.167Females with complete primary education Ipercentage) 1990 /b 78 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1 991 lb 52 71 29 87 53 51

DenmographIcPopulation Imillional 1992 7.5 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate laverage annual) 1985-92 /a 2.5 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 4.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 43 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 5 7 4 16 8 9

MortalhyLife expectancy at birth 1992 60 70 54 76 67 65Median age of death 1990 13 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 59 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 37 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 86 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 251 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 125 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 330 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women 15-59 years oldi 1990 269 163 77 406 144 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b 480 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 38 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 2 5 0 17 7 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 75 41 4 75 20 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 36 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 15 10 6 20 11 14Married women using contraception Ipercentagel 1989 lb 30 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9


Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84


Health infrastnucture and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.48 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.3 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 58 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 73 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff Ipercent) 1985 /b 36 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 247 46.660 133 19.871 53,170 1,702.455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 34 105 25 138 78 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.5 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development asslitance for heamth IcTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 37 591 2 84 536Aid flows per capita 1990 5. 1 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 14.9 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993.Ia Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 21 -

Table B.7 National Indicators for Health Planning: BrazilLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for nrgion

Total or Upper-middleIndicators Brazil average Minimum Maximum Income group World

Economic and social

GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /1 425,412 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089.768 21,024,763

GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 2.940 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,187

Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 '04 97

Urbsn population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 76 71 29 87 73 51

Demographic

Population (millions) 1992 154 454 0.01 154 604 5,267

Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.2 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7




Mortality


Median age of death 1990 57 55 13 77 63 56

Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 peopil 1990 /b 26 22 10 69 20 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 35 33 14 43 28 40


Under 5 mortality rate 1960 179 161 49 251 148 195


Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years oldl 1990 250 228 134 413 240 234

Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 182 163 77 406 136 169

Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 150 136 21 480 132 268

Nutrtional and health behavior

Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 ' 29 26 7 57 26 42

Wasted children (low weight ior height, percentage) 1980-91 ' 6 5 0 17 6 12

Children (0-3 monthsl exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 ' 34 41 4 75 16 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 34 35 14 64 34 42

Babies with low birth waight (percent) 1985 lb 8 10 6 20 10 14

Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb 65 54 10 66 64 56

Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1.8 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9

Disease specific Indlcatom



Intectious diseases, maternal and parinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 93 187

Non-communicable diseases 1965-90' -- 494 385 530 575 626

Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 109 84



Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 1.46 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34

Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.1 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4

Hospital beds per 1.000 population 1985-90' 3.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6


Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 83 75 31 99 82 79

Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 73 60 19 97 72 55

Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 33,445 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455

Per capita total health expenditure 1990 222 105 25 138 167 323




Development assistance for heahth /c


Aid flows per capita 1990 0.6 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5

Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.


la Source: World Bank Atlas.



- 22 -

Table B.8 National Indicators for Health Planning: CanadaNorth America

Range for regionTotal or High

Indicators Canada average Minimum Maximum Income group World

Economic and soclialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 565,787 6,470,609 5656787 5,904,822 16,761.967 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 20,440 22,063 20,440 22,240 21,425 4,167Female, with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 lb 104 104 104 104 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 77 75 75 77 77 51

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 27.8 283.2 27.8 255.4 791 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 la 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.6 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 21 22 21 22 20 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 16 17 16 17 18 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 77 76 76 77 77 65Median age of death 1990 76 76 76 76 77 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 9 11 9 11 11 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 8 10 8 10 9 40Infant mortality rate 1992 7 9 7 9 8 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 33 31 31 33 36 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 9 11 9 11 9 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 146 156 146 157 147 234Aduit mortality rate for women (1 5-59 years old) 1990 65 74 65 75 73 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- -- -- -- 10 268

Nutritional and heahth behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentagej 1980-91 - 5 2 2 5 3 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 1 2 1 2 2 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91' -- -- -- -- -- --

Anemic pregnant woman ipercent below the norm) 1970-1990' -- 17 17 17 14 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1986 /b 6 7 6 7 6 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 74 74 74 71 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in aduits) 1990 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 1.9


Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 19S5-90' 39 53 39 54 48 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' 395 442 395 447 423 626Injury 1985-90' 48 57 48 58 50 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 2.22 2.37 2.22 2.38 2.50 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 4.7 3.0 2.8 4.7 2.3 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 16.1 6.4 5.3 16.1 8.3 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 85 68 67 85 81 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 85 60 80 85 77 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 99 100 99 100 99 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollarsl 1990 51,594 742,261 51,594 690,667 1,481,069 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 1,945 2,683 1,945 2,763 1,875 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 9.1 9.5 9.1 12.7 9.0 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.8 5.7 5.6 6.8 5.5 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 6.5 2.4 7.0 3.4 3.2

Davelopment assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 -- -- -- -- 4 --

Aid flows per capita 1990Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 -- -- -- -- -- --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators. World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 23 -

Table B.9 National Indicators for Health Planning: ChileLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region Middle andTotal or lower-middl

Indicators Chile average Minimum Maximum hicome group World

Economic and socialGNP fmillions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 37,064 1,199,271 181 426,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNP per capita Idollars) 1991 /b 2,160 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167Females with complete primary education lpercentage) 1990 /b 97 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 86 71 29 87 63 51

DemographiciPopulation Imilkons 19932 13.6 464 0.01 154 872 6,267Population growth rate (average annuall 1985-92 /a 1.7 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 2.6 3.3 1.9 6.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 31 38 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over (percentaige) 1990 9 7 4 18 8 9

MortaityLife expectancy at birth 1992 73 70 64 76 67 66Median age of death 1990 69 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years loat (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 13 22 10 a9 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 14 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 18 46 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 155 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 20 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (16-59 years old) 1990 214 228 134 413 229 234Aduit mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 112 163 77 406 144 169Matemal mortality rate /per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 55 138 21 480 186 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children flow height for age, percentage) 1980-91 10 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children liow weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 1 6 0 17 7 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 20 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight lpercent) 1985 /b 7 10 6 20 11 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb -- 54 10 es 52 6STobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 0.9 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.6 1.9

Disease specific IndicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100.000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseaaes, matemal and perinatal 1985-90- 131 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' 444 494 385 630 694 626Injury 1985-90' 88 95 53 201 81 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.46 1.26 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.8 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 3.3 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 91 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 93 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 97 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 2,017 46,660 133 19,871 53.170 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 163 106 26 138 78 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.3 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.9 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development assistance lor health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 10 591 2 84 536 --

Aid flows per capita 1990 0.7 1.3 0.1 8.6 1.3Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.5 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specifiod year within the time pariod denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A hI the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: Worid Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total heaith expenditures.

- 24 -

Table B.10 National Indicators for Health Planning: ColombiaLatin America nd the Caribbean

Range for region Mddl andTotal or lower-middie

Indicators Colombla average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonic and socialGNP (milliona of exchange rate dollara) 1992 /a 44,555 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106.827 21,024,783GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 1,260 2,411 370 11,7W0 1,680 4,167Females with complete primary education (pereentage) 1990 lb 111 100 78 114 98 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 71 71 29 87 53 61

DemographicPopulation Imillions) 1992 33.4 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.0 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 2.7 3a3 1 5.6 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 18 8 9

MonartyLife expectancy at birth 1992 73 70 54 76 67 65Median age of death 1990 66 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 11 22 10 6S 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 33 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 18 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 132 181 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 21 60 12 1568 53 98Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 yearn oldl 1990 200 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women 115-59 yearn oldl 1990 109 183 77 406 144 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthe) 1988 /b 130 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritlonal and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 23 26 7 67 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 1 6 0 17 7 12Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1988-91 - 40 41 4 76 20 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 24 35 14 84 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 16 10 6 20 11 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 68 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year ikilograms per capita in edultal 1990 2.0 1.6 0.9 4.6 3.8 1.9

Disease specific IndicatorMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100.000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' - 494 385 530 594 826Injury 1985-90' - 95 53 201 81 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosia (per 100,000 people) 1990 67 92 8 335 112 142

Health Infrastructur and servicesDoctorn per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.87 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.36 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 84 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-meascls 1991-1992- 75 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff Ipercent) 1986 /b 51 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 2,116 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 865 105 25 138 78 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.1 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.0 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development asmistance for health IcTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 26 591 2 84 636 --

Aid flows per capita 1990 0.8 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 1.2 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas.lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 25 -

Table B.11 National Indicators for Health Planning: Costa RicaLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Coats Rica average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonic and *acidGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 6,261 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 1,850 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990/b 101 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 48 71 29 87 53 51

DemographlcPopulation (millions) 1992 3.1 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.5 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 3.1 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old ipercentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 a 7 4 16 8 9

MortalItyLife expectancy at birth 1992 76 70 54 76 67 65Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 peopiel 1990 /b - 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 14 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 111 161 49 251 ,S7 19SUnder 5 mortality rate 1990 16 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 yearn oldl 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 18 136 21 480 166 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 a 8 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 3 5 0 17 7 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 20Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 20 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 9 10 6 20 11 14Maried women using contraception {percentagel 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

Disease speclflc IndicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' -- 494 385 530 594 626Injury 1985-90- -- 95 53 201 81 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 peoplel 1990 - _ 92 8 335 112 142

Health infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 1.04 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 198-928- 0.5 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 2.6 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 90 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 96 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 93 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 523 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1.702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 186 105 25 138 78 323Total heahth expenditure as s percentage of GDP 1990 9.2 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.6 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 4 591 2 84 636 -

Aid flows per capita 1990 1.6 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.8 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 20 -

Table B. 12 National Indicators for Health Planning: CubaLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for regionTotal or Lower

Indicators Cuba average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a -- 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,066,401 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b -- 2,411 370 11,750 358 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 98 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 40 51

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 10.8 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 1.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 23 36 23 46 35 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 12 7 4 16 7 9

Mortallty

Life expectancy at birth 1992 76 70 54 76 61 65Median age of death 1990 77 55 13 77 42 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 69 22 10 69 82 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 17 33 14 43 49 40Intant mortality rate 1992 12 45 12 107 66 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 49 161 49 251 224 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 12 60 12 156 101 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 134 228 134 413 261 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 95 163 77 406 211 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 375 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 51 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 1 5 0 17 14 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 28 --Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' -- 35 14 64 52 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 17 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 41 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 4.5 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9


Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' 73 193 73 595 264 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 472 494 385 530 713 626Injury 1985-90' 82 95 53 201 92 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 3.75 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 1.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 5.0 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 99 71 41 99 83 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 99 75 31 99 81 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 36 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 -- 46,660 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455Pea capita total health expenditure 1990 -- 105 25 138 14 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 2.4 1.2 6.7 1.7 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2

Development assistance for health IcTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 3 591 2 84 1.980 --Aid flows per capita 1990 0.3 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.6 -Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 -- 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 --

'Each value refetrs to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 27 -

Table B.13 National Indicators for Health Planning: DominicaLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Dominica average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 181 1,199,271 181 425,412 1o10e,627 21.024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 1,440 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4.167Female. with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb -- 71 29 87 53 51

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 0.07 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate leverage annual) 1985-92 /a 1.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 2.5 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 yearn old (percentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over Ipercentagel 1990 11 7 4 16 8 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 72 70 54 76 67 65Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 - 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 18 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 - 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritlonal and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1960-91 -- 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 7 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1 986-91 -- 41 4 75 20Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 28 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 11 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9


Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.32 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 8.2 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 4.1 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 98 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 98 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 14 46,660 133 19,871 53.170 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 191 105 25 138 78 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 8.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.6 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 2 591 2 84 536 -

Aid flows per capita 1990 27.9 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 -Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 14.6 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report. 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- MS -

Table 9.14 National Indicators for lHealth Planning: Dominican RepublicLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region Middle and

Dominican Total or lower-middle

Indicators Republic average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and social

GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 7,611 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,827 21,024,783

GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 940 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167

Female, with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 96 100 78 114 96 97

Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 61 71 29 87 53 51

Demographic

Population (millions) 1992 7.3 454 0.01 154 672 65267


Total fertility rate 1992 3a3 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4

Population under 15 years old (percentagel 1990 37 36 23 46 36 32


Mortalty



Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1 990 /b 41 22 10 89 39 34

Perinatal mortality rate 1990 35 33 14 43 34 40




Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 212 228 134 413 229 234


Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b 56 136 21 480 186 268

NutrItional and health behavior

Stunted children (low height for age, percentagel 1980-91 - 19 26 7 57 31 42

Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 ' 1 5 0 17 7 12

Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 42 41 4 76 20 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' -- 35 14 64 39 42

Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 16 10 6 20 11 14


Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1 1 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

Disease specIflc Indicators



Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' 206 193 73 595 128 187

Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 443 494 385 530 594 626

Injury 1985-90- 88 95 53 201 81 84

Annual Incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 110 92 8 335 112 142




Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 2.0 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6


Percent of children under one year immunized-measlae 1991-1992' 69 75 31 99 78 79


Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 417 46,660 133 19,871 53.170 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 59 105 25 138 78 323





Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 11 591 2 84 536





Is Source: World Bank Atlas.

lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.

Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 29 -

Table B.1 5 National Indicators for Health Planning: EcuadorLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Ecuador average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and socalaGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 11,843 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21.024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 1,000 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 57 71 29 87 53 51

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 11.0 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.4 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 3.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 39 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over Iparcentage1 1990 6 7 4 16 8 9

MortaltyLife expectancy at birth 1992 70 70 54 76 67 65Median age of death 1990 57 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 21 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 37 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 33 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 174 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 42 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 218 228 134 413 229 234AduRt mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 157 163 77 406 144 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 220 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritional and healh behavorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 39 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 4 5 0 17 7 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastled (percent) 1986-91 - 54 41 4 75 20Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 46 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 10 10 6 20 11 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 53 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

Disease specific IndicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100.000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90' 210 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 448 494 385 530 594 626Injury 1985-90' 119 95 53 201 81 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 166 92 8 335 '12 142

Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 1.04 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 198b-92' 0.3 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.7 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.8Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 89 71 41 99 60 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 54 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 27 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditurmTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 402 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,456Per capita total health expenditure 1990 39 105 25 138 78 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector heahh expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 31 591 2 84 536Aid flows per capita 1990 3.0 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 -Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 7.6 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993.Is Source: World Bank Atlas.lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 30 -

Table B.16 National Indicators for Health Planning: El SalvadorLatin America and the Caribbean


Total or lower-middleIndicators E Salvador average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonidc and social

GNP Imillions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 6,183 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763

GNP per capita /dollara) 1991 /b 1,080 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167

Females wIth complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 78 100 78 114 96 97

Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 45 71 29 87 53 51

DemographicPopulation (mIllions) 1992 6.4 454 0.01 164 672 5,267

Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 ia 1.5 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7




Mortalty



Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 peopbl 1990 /b 22 22 10 69 39 34

Parinatal mortality rate 1990 39 33 14 43 34 40




Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 318 228 134 413 229 234


Materal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 1988 /b 74 136 21 480 186 268

NutritIonal and health behavior

Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 36 26 7 57 31 42

Wasted children (low weight for height, percentagel 1980-91 6 5 0 17 7 12

Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20





Disease specific indicators



Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90- 202 193 73 595 128 187

Non-communicable diseases 1905-90- 385 494 385 530 594 626

Injury 1985-90- 201 95 53 201 81 84






Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 60 71 41 99 80 80



Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 300 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455


Total heatth expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.9 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0



Development assistance for heatth /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 44 591 2 84 536 --

Aid flws per capita 1990 8.5 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 --


*Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.

Note: Unless otherwlse stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A In the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993.


/b Source: Wordd Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.


- 31 -

Table B.17 National Indicators for Health Planning: GrenadaLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Grenada average Minimum Maximum Income group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 210 1,199,271 191 425.412 1,106,627 21,024,783GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 /b 2,180 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167Females with complete primary education Ipercentagel 1990 /b - 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 53 51

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 0.09 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate laverage annuall 1985-92 /a -0.2 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 2.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 35 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 10 7 4 16 8 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 70 70 54 76 67 6SMedian age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b - 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 29 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 *- 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years oldI 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women 415-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- - 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91' -- 5 0 17 7 12Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 20Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 63 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent( 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 11 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

DIsease specific IndicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- - 494 385 530 594 626Injury 1985-90' - 95 53 201 81 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.47 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.36 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 3.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1905-90' 6.9 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 85 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 96 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff Ipercentl 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 12 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 136 105 25 138 78 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.1 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.3 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure ass percentage of GDP 1990 1.8 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollarsa 1990 0 591 2 84 536Aid flows per capita 1990 4.7 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 --

Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 3.4 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas.lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 32 -

Table B.18 National Indicators for Health Planning: GuatemalaLatin America and the Caribbean


Total or lower-middleIndicators Guatemala average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 9,568 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNP per capita Idollar) 1991 /b 930 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 40 71 29 87 53 51

Demographic

Population (millions) 1992 9.7 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 5.5 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 45 36 23 46 36 32


MortaltyLife expectancy at birth 1992 64 70 54 76 67 65

Median age of death 1990 23 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 24 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 40 33 14 43 34 40

Infant mortality rate 1992 63 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 205 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 84 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 287 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 227 163 77 406 144 169

Matemal mortality rate Iper 100.000 live births) 1988 /b 110 136 21 480 186 268


Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 57 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 13 5 0 17 7 12

Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' -- 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 10 10 6 20 11 14Married women using contraception ipercentage) 1989 /b 23 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year lkilograms per capita in adults)i 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

Disease specific IndicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of death



Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 523 494 385 530 5.94 626Injury 1985-90' 113 95 53 201 81 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100.000 people) 1990 110 92 8 335 112 142


Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.44 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 2.5 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4


Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 63 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 48 75 31 99 78 79


Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 306 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1.702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 33 105 25 138 78 323

Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.5 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.1 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9



Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 32 591 2 84 536Aid flows per capita 1990 3.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 --




Is Source: World Bank Atlas.lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.

Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- *33 -

Table B.19 National Indicators for Health Planning: GuyanaLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Guyana average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 268 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,066.401 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 430 2,411 370 11,750 358 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 98 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 40 51

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 0.8 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 2.6 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 35 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 7 9

MortalityLife expectancy at binh 1992 65 70 54 76 61 65Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 42 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 lb -- 22 10 69 82 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 49 40Infant mortality rate 1992 48 45 12 107 66 62Under 5 monality rate 1960 - 161 49 251 224 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 - 60 12 156 101 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 261 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 211 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 375 268

Nutritionsl and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91* -- 26 7 57 51 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91t -- 5 0 17 14 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percentl 1986-91t -- 41 4 75 28Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 58 35 14 64 52 42Babies with low birth weight (percentl 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 17 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 41 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9


Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 264 187Non-communicable diseaseos 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 713 626Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 92 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1.000 population 1988-92' 0.16 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 2.3 0.5 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4Hospital beds per 1.000 population 1985-90' 2.2 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 81 71 41 99 83 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 76 75 31 99 81 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 36 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 32 46,660 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455Par capita total health expenditure 1990 40 105 25 138 14 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 10.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 8.8 2.4 1.2 6.7 1.7 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2

Development asslstance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 15 591 2 84 1.980 --Aid flows per capita 1990 18.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.6 --Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 45.8 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the Worid Development Report, 1993.Ia Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 34 -

Table B.20 National Indicators for Health Planning: HaitiLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Haiti average Minimum Maximum Income group World

EconomIc and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 2,479 1,199.271 181 425,412 1.068,401 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 370 2,411 370 11,750 368 4,167Females with complete primary education ipercentage) 1990/b -- 100 78 114 98 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 29 71 29 87 40 51

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 6.7 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 1.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fenility rate 1992 4.8 3.3 1.9 6.5 3.9 3a4Population under 15 yearn old (percentage) 1990 40 36 23 4B 35 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 7 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 54 70 54 76 61 66Median age of death 1990 18 55 13 77 42 55Annual rate of life years Iont (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 45 22 10 69 82 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 43 33 14 43 49 40Infant mortality rate 1992 107 45 12 107 66 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 221 161 49 251 224 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 156 60 12 156 101 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 413 228 134 413 261 234Aduit mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 406 163 77 406 211 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 340 136 21 480 375 268

Nutitlonal and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1 980-91 - 51 26 7 57 51 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 17 5 0 17 14 12Children 40-3 months) exclusively breactfed (percent) 1 986-91 - 41 4 75 28 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 64 36 14 64 52 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 17 10 6 20 17 14Manied women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 11 64 10 66 41 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in aduits) 1990 . 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9

Disease specific IndIcatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 264 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 713 626Injury 1985-90- - 95 53 201 92 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 0.14 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.8 0.5 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 0.8 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 41 71 41 99 83 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 31 75 31 99 81 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 20 60 19 97 36 55

Heatth expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 173 46.660 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 27 105 25 138 14 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.2 2.4 1.2 6.7 1.7 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.8 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollarsl 1990 33 591 2 84 1,980 --

Aid flows per capita 1990 5. 1 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.6Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 19.0 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A In the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 35 -

Table B.21 National Indicators for Health Planning: HondurasLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Honduras average Minimum Maximum income group Worid

Econonic and soalcGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 3,142 119,271 181 425,412 1,066,401 21,024.763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 580 2,411 370 11,750 358 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 109 100 78 114 98 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 45 71 29 87 40 51

DemographIcPopulation (millionsl 1992 5.4 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 3.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 5.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percantage) 1990 45 36 23 46 35 32Population 60 years old and over (percentagel 1990 5 7 4 16 7 9

Mortality

Life expectancy at birth 1992 67 70 54 76 61 65Median age of death 1990 23 55 13 77 42 55Annual rate of life years aost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 27 22 10 69 82 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 39 33 14 43 49 40Infant mortality rate 1992 49 45 12 107 66 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 203 161 49 251 224 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 62 60 12 156 101 96Adult mortality rate for men (16-59 years old) 1990 220 228 134 413 261 234Aduit mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 162 163 77 406 211 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988/b 82 136 21 480 375 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 34 26 7 57 51 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 2 5 0 17 14 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 28 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- - 35 14 64 52 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 20 10 6 20 17 14Married women using contreception (percentage) 1989 /b 41 54 10 66 41 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9


Infectious diseases, matemal and perinetal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 264 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- - 494 385 530 713 626Injury 1985-90- - 95 53 201 92 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctorn per 1,000 population 1988-92- 0.32 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 1.0 0.5 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 1.1 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6Percent of children under one year Immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 94 71 41 99 83 80Percent of children under one year Immunized-measles 1991-1992' 86 75 31 99 81 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 50 60 19 97 36 55

Health expenditurTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 331 46,660 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 65 105 25 138 14 323Total health expenditure ass percentage of GDP 1990 5.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentaae of GDP 1990 2.9 2.4 1.2 6.7 1.7 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentsae of GDP 1990 2.8 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 20 591 2 84 1.980 --

Aid flows per capita 1990 4.0 1.3 0o1 8.5 0.6 --


'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A In the Statistical Appendix of the Worid Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 36 -

Table B.22 National Indicators for Health Planning: JamaicaLatin America and the Caribbean


Total or lower-middle

Indicators Jamaica average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 la 3.216 119,271 181 425.412 1.106,627 21,024,763

GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 1,380 2,411 370 11,750 1.580 4.i67

Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 105 100 78 114 96 97


Demographic

Population (millions) 1992 2.4 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rste (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.8 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7




Mortality

Ufe expectancy at birth 1992 74 70 54 76 67 65



Parinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40





Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 - 163 77 406 144 169

Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988/b 115 136 21 480 186 268

NutrItIonal and health behavior


Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 6 5 0 17 7 12

Children i0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent( 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 --



Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 55 54 10 66 52 56


Dlssase specific IndIcatos

Mortality ratas due to major causes of death


Infectious disease, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 128 187


Injury 1985-90 -- 95 53 201 81 84


Health Infrastructur end services

Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92S 0.48 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34





Births attended by health staff Ipercentl 1985 /b 89 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions ol exchange rate dollars) 1990 200 46,660 133 19.871 53.170 1,702,455





Development nassitanca for heahh /c

Total aid flows (in millions of dollarsl 1990 19 591 2 84 536








- 37 -

Table B.23 National Indicators for Health Planning: MexicoLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region

Totel or Upper-middleIndicators Mexico average Minimum Maximum income group Worid

Econorric and social

GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 294,831 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763GNP per capita Idollars) 1991 lb 3,030 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 110 100 78 114 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 73 71 29 87 73 51

Demographic

Population (millions) 1992 85.0 454 0.01 154 604 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.0 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 3.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4Population under 15 yeats old (percentage) 1990 37 36 23 46 31 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 11 9

Mortality

Life expectancy at birth 1992 70 70 54 76 69 65Median age of death 1990 60 55 13 77 63 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 lb 15 22 10 69 20 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 30 33 14 43 28 40Infant mortality rate 1992 33 45 12 107 33 62Under 6 mortality rate 1960 148 161 49 251 148 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 38 60 12 156 42 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 212 228 134 413 240 234Adult mortality rate lor women 115-59 years old) 1990 164 163 77 406 136 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 lb 92 136 21 480 132 268


Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 22 26 7 57 26 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 6 5 0 17 6 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 44 41 4 75 16 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 41 35 14 64 34 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 15 10 6 20 10 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb 53 54 10 66 64 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1.0 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9

Disease specific indicator

Mortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90- 168 193 73 595 93 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 490 494 385 530 575 626Injury 1985-90 102 95 53 201 109 84



Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92 0.54 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.8 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 1.3 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 64 71 41 99 71 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 78 75 31 99 82 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55

Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 9,389 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 112 105 25 138 167 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.9 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2

Development asslstance for health IcTotal aid (lows (in millions ol dollars) 1990 65 591 2 84 202 --



'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas.

lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 38 -

Table B.24 National Indicators for Health Planning: NicaraguaLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Nicaragua average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 1,325 1,199.271 181 425.412 1,066,401 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 340 2,411 370 11,750 358 4,167Females with complete primary education ipercentage) 1990 /b 101 100 78 114 98 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 60 71 29 87 40 51

DemographicPopulation Imillions) 1992 3.9 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267Popuiation growth rate laverage annuall 1985-92 Is 3.4 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 5.4 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 46 38 23 46 35 32Population 60 years old and over (pereentage) 1990 4 7 4 16 7 9

MortaityUfe expectancy at birth 1992 62 70 54 76 61 65Median age of death 1990 13 56 13 77 42 55Annual rate of life yearn lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 lb 10 22 10 69 82 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 35 33 14 43 49 40Infant mortality rate 1992 77 45 12 107 66 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 191 161 49 251 224 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 106 60 12 156 101 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 283 228 134 413 261 234Adult mortaly rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 264 163 77 406 211 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b 65 136 21 480 375 268

Nutritional and heiath behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 22 26 7 57 51 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 0 6 0 17 14 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 28 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990 -- 35 14 64 52 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 lb 15 10 6 20 17 14Maried women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 41 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9


Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 264 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90 -- 494 385 530 713 626Injury 1985-90- - 96 63 201 92 84

Annual Incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100.000 people) 1990 110 92 8 335 191 142

Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 0.60 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.5 0.6 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 1.8 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6Percent of children under one year lmmunized-DPT3 1991-1992 71 71 41 99 83 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 54 76 31 99 81 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 36 55

Hoalth expenditureTotal health expenditure lin millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 120 4,6860 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 31 105 25 138 14 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 8.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public aector health expenditum as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.7 2,4 1.2 8.7 1.7 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.3 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2

Development essdatance for health IeTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 27 591 2 84 1,980Aid flows per capita 1990 6.9 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.6Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 22.2 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented hem ame derived from appendix A In the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1 993./a Source: World Bank Atlas.hb Source: World Development Indicators, Worid Development Report, 1993.Ic Aid flows am a part of total health expenditures.

- 39 -

Table 8.25 National Indicators for Health Planning: PanamaLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Panama average Minimum Maximum income oroup World

Economic and social

GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 6,133 1.199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 2,130 2,411 370 11,750 1,680 4,167

Females with complete primary education ipercentage) 1990 /b 105 100 78 114 98 97


DemographIc

Population Imillions) 1992 2.6 464 0.01 154 672 6,267

Population growth rate (average annuall 1986-92 /s 2.1 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7


Population under 15 years old Ipercentage) 1990 35 36 23 46 38 32


Mortality

Life expectancy at birth 1992 73 70 54 76 67 e5


Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b - 22 10 69 39 34

Perinatal mortality rate 1990 - 33 14 43 34 40





Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 yearn old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169

Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 60 136 21 480 186 268


Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 31 42

Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 -- 5 0 17 7 12

Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- - 35 14 64 39 42


Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56

Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 - 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

Disease specific IndIcatos



Infectious diseases, matemal and perlnatal 1985-90 - 193 73 595 128 187

Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- - 494 385 530 594 626

Injury 1985-90- 95, 53 201 81 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosls (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142





Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 82 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 80 75 31 99 78 79

Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 83 60 19 97 e0 55

Health expenditure



Total heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 8.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0




Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 15 591 2 84 538



'Each value refers to one particular but not specHied year wIhin the time period denoted.

Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here ae derived from appendix A hi the Stetbltbcal Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993.

/s Source: World Bank Atlas.

Ib Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 40 -

Table B.26 National Indicators for Health Planning: ParaguayLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Paraguay average Minimum Maximum Income group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 6,038 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNPpercapita (dollars) 1991 lb 1,270 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167Females with complete primary education Ipercentagel 1990 /b 106 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 48 71 29 87 53 51

DemographicPopulation Imillions) 1992 4t5 454 0,01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 3.2 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 4.7 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old lpercentage) 1990 41 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 5 7 4 16 8 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 70 70 54 76 67 65Median age of death 1990 42 55 13 77 52 55Annual rate of life years lost iper 1,000 people) 1990 /b 32 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 37 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 31 45 12 107 41 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 92 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 37 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 261 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 210 163 77 406 144 169Matemal mortality rate Iper 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 469 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 17 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 0 5 0 17 7 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively broeastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 63 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 6 10 6 20 11 14Married women uaing contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 48 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 0.9 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

Disease specific IndIcatosMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626Injury 1985-90' - 95 53 201 81 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.62 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 17 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.0 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3. 6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 79 71 41 99 80 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 74 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 22 60 19 97 60 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 244 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 57 105 25 138 78 323Total heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.5 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.2 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.3 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development assistance for health IcTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 10 591 2 84 536Aid flows per capita 1990 2.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 -


'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993./a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total heatth expenditures.

- 41 -

Table B.27 National Indicators for Health Planning: PeruLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators Peru average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonilc and socialGNP /millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 21,272 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 /b 1,070 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 71 71 29 87 53 51

DaFnographlc

Population (millions) 1992 22.4 454 0.01 154 672 5,267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 la 2.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 3.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 38 36 23 46 36 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 18 8 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 65 70 54 76 67 65Median age of death 1990 47 56 13 77 62 66Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 28 22 10 69 39 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 40 33 14 43 34 40Infant mortality rate 1992 57 45 12 107 41 62Under S mortality rate 1960 233 161 49 251 167 195Under 5 mortality rate 1990 73 60 12 156 53 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 272 228 134 413 229 234Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 221 163 77 406 144 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 310 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 37 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentagel 1980-91 ' 2 5 0 17 7 12Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1 986-91 - 58 41 4 75 20Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 53 35 14 64 39 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 lb 9 10 6 20 11 14Maried women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb -- 54 10 66 52 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9

DIseas specifc IndidcatosMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90' 327 193 73 595 128 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' 392 494 385 530 594 626Injury 1985-90' 53 95 53 201 81 84


Health Infrastructure and servicsDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 1.03 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 19S8-92- 0.9 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 71 71 41 99 80 S0Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 59 75 31 99 78 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 55 60 19 97 60 55

Heatth axpenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 1,280 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 59 105 25 138 78 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.1 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0Public sector health expenditure as s percentage of GDP 1990 1.1 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.0 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2

Development assistance for halth IcTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 29 591 2 84 536 -

Aid flows per capita 1990 1.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 2.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the Worid Development Report, 1 993./s Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report. 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 42 -

Table B.28 National Indicators for Health Planning: Puerto RicoLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for regionPuerto Total or Upper-middle

Indicators Rico average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic mnd socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 23,603 1,199,271 181 425.412 2,089,768 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 /b 6.350 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 75 71 29 87 73 51

Demog rphlc

Population (millions) 1992 4.0 454 0.01 154 604 5,267Population growth rate laverage annual) 1985-92 /a 0.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 2.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 26 36 23 46 31 32Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 14 7 4 16 11 9

MortalityUfe expectancy at birth 1992 76 70 54 76 69 65Median age of death 1990 75 55 13 77 63 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 10 22 10 69 20 34Perinstal mortality rate 1990 18 33 14 43 28 40Infant mortality rate 1992 13 45 12 107 33 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 70 161 49 251 148 195Under 5 monrtality rate 1990 15 60 12 156 42 96Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 155 228 134 413 240 234Adult monality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 77 163 77 406 '36 169Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 21 136 21 480 132 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 26 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 6 12Children (0-3 months( exclusively broeatfed (percent) 1986-91' -- 41 4 75 16 --

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- - 35 14 64 34 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1969 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9

Disease specific IndIcatosMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for agel:

Infectious diseases, matemal end perinatal 1985-90- 78 193 73 595 93 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 447 494 385 530 575 626Injury 1985-90' 59 95 53 201 109 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 2.55 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' - 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 4.0 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' -- 71 41 99 71 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' -- 75 31 99 82 79Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 -- 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 -- 105 25 138 167 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2

Development assistance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 -- 591 2 84 202Aid flows per capita 1990 -- 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 --

Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 -- 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 --

'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993.Is Source: World Bank Atlas.lb Source: World Development Indicators. World Development Report, 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- 43 -

Table B.29 National Indicators for Health Planning: St. Kitts and NevisLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region

St. Kitts Total or Upper-middleIndicators and Nevis average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and social

GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 181 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763

GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 3.960 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167

Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 73 51

Demographic


Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a -0.4 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7




Mortalty


Median age of death 1990 - 55 13 77 63 55


Perinatal mortality rate 1990 - 33 14 43 28 40



Under 5 mortality rate 1990 - 60 12 156 42 96

Adult mortality rate for men i15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 240 234


Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 132 268

NutritIonal and health behavior

Stunted children jlow height for age, percentagae 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 26 42


Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 16

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 57 35 14 64 34 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14


Tobacco consumption per year Ikilograms per capita in aduhts) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9



deaths per 100.000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 93 187


Injury 1985-90' 95 53 201 109 84








Births attended by health staff Ipercentl 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55

Health expenditure

Total health expenditure lin millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 11 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455

Per capita total health expeniditure 1990 263 105 25 138 167 323




Developneent assistance for health Ic






/a Source: World Bank Atlas./b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.


- 44 -

Table B.30 National Indicators for Health Planning: St. LuciaLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators St. Lucia average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economie and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollarsl 1992 /a 453 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763

GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 /b 2,490 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167

Females with complete primary education (percentagel 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97

Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b - 71 29 87 53 61

Demographic




Population under 15 yeara old (percentage) 1990 41 36 23 46 36 32

Population 60 years old and over (percentagel 1990 9 7 4 16 8 9

Mortality









Aduht mortality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169

Matemal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 19B8 /b -- 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 31 42


Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 41 4 75 20

Anemic pregnant women ipercent below the norm) 1970-1990' 22 35 14 64 39 42

Babies with low birth weight ipercent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 11 14



Diease specific IndIcatos





Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 1 00,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142





Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 98 71 41 99 80 80


Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 lb -- 60 19 97 60 55

Health expendiure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 27 46,660 133 19.871 53,170 1,702,455


Total health expenditure as a percentage of GOP 1990 7.6 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0



Development assistance for health IcTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 0 591 2 84 536

Aid flows per capita 1990 2.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 -


Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.


la Source: World Bank Atlas.

/b Sourcea: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.


- 45 -

Table B.31 National Indicators for Health Planning: St. VincentLatin America and the Caribbean


Indicators St. Vincent average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 217 1.199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 1,730 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167

Females with complete primary education (percentagel 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97

Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b - 71 29 87 53 51

Demographic






Mortality









Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 186 268

Nutritlonal and health behavior

Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 31 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 7 12

Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 20Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 20 35 14 64 39 42



Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adutts) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9






Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84

Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 peoplel 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142








Health expenditure






Development assistance for health IcTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 0 591 2 84 536

Aid flows per capita 1990 2.7 1 3 0.1 8.5 1.3 --

Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 2.5 1.3 0 1 20.3 3.6






- 46 -

Table 8.32 National Indicators for Health Planning: SurinameLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region

Total or Upper-middleIndicators Suriname average Minimum Maximum income group World

Econonmc and socil

GNP Imillions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 la 1,728 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024.763

GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 lb 3,630 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4.167

Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97

Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb -- 71 29 87 73 51

Demographic


Population growth rate {average annual) 1986-92 /s 2.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7




MortalltyUfe expectancy at birth 1992 69 70 54 76 69 65









Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b - 136 21 480 132 268

Nutdtilonal and health behavior

Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 26 7 57 26 42

Wasted children (low weight ibr height, percentage) 1980-91 -- 5 0 17 6 12

Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 16

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norml 1970-1990' -- 35 14 64 34 42



Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in aduitsl 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9

Discuss specific Indicators



Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 93 187


Injury 1985-90 -- 95 53 201 109 84


Heasth Infrastnuctum snd ssrvicsDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.79 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34






Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 75 46,660 133 19,871 100.458 1,702.455


Total health expenditure as s percentage oi GDP 1990 5.2 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0




Total aid flows (in millions of dollarsl 1990 2 591 2 84 202 --








- 47 -

Table B.33 National Indicators for Health Planning: Trinidad and TobagoLatin America and the Caribbean

Range for region

Tdrinadad Total or Upper-middle

Indicators and Tobago average Minimum Maximum income group Worid

Econonic and social

GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 4,995 1,199,271 181 425,412 2.089,768 21,024,783GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 3,670 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167

Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 96 100 78 114 104 97


DemographicPopulation Imillionsl 1992 1.3 454 0.01 154 604 6,267

Population growth rate laverage annual) 1985-92 /a 1.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7

Total fertility rate 1992 2.8 3.3 1.9 5.6 2.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 34 36 23 46 31 32


Mortality



Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 peoplel 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 20 34






Adult mortality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 136 169

Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b 89 136 21 480 132 288



Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 ' 5 5 0 17 6 12

Children (0-3 monthsl exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 22 41 4 75 16 -





Disease specific Indlcators



Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90- - 193 73 595 93 187


Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 109 84



Doctors per 1,000 population 1 988-92' 1.04 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34

Nurse-to-doctor ratio 19B8-92' 2.8 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4





Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 248 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1.702.455



Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GOP 1990 2.9 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.6 4.9


Development assistance for health Ic

Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 1 591 2 84 202 -

Aid flows per capita 1990 1.1 1.3 0.1 85 0o5 -

Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.6 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 -


Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993,




- 48 -

Table B.34 National Indicators for Health Planning: United StatesNorth America

Range for region

United Total or HighIndicators States average Minimum Maximum income group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 5,904,822 6,470,609 565,787 5.904,822 16,761,967 21.024.763

GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 22,240 22,063 20,440 22,240 21,425 4,167

Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 104 104 104 104 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 75 75 75 77 77 51

Demographtc

Population (millions) 1992 255.4 283.2 27.8 255.4 791 5,267

Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 la 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.6 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4



Mortality



Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 11 11 9 11 11 34

Perinstal mortality rate 1990 10 10 8 10 9 40




Adult mortality rate for men 115-59 years old) 1990 157 156 146 157 147 234

Adult mortality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 75 74 65 75 73 169Maternal mortality rate (per 1 00,000 live births) 1988 lb --- -10 268

Nutritlonal and heahh behavior

Stunted children llow height Jor age, percentage) 1980-91 2 2 2 5 3 42

Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 2 2 1 2 2 12

Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (pereantl 1986-91 -- -- -- -- --



Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 74 74 74 74 71 56


Dlsease specific IndicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of death

desths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):


Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' 447 442 395 447 423 626

Injury 1985-90' 58 57 48 58 50 84


Heatth Infrastructure and services







Health expenditure

Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 690,667 742,261 51,594 690,667 1,481,069 1,702,455

Per capita total heaith expenditure 1990 2,763 2.683 1,945 2,763 1,875 323


Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.6 5.7 5.6 6.8 5.5 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.0 6.5 2.4 7.0 3.4 3.2


Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 -- -- -- -- 4 --

Aid flows per capita 1990

Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 -- -- -- -- --






- 49 -

Table B.35 National Indicators for Health Planning: UruguayLatin Americe nd the Caribbean

Rine for reionTotal or Upper-middle

Indicators UrUgumy *verage Minimum Maximum income roup Worid

Economic and socialGNP Imillions ot exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 10.444 1.199.271 11 426.412 2.089.760 21.024.783GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 2.840 2,411 370 11,760 3.489 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 100 100 70 114 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b S 71 n 07 73 61

DemographicPopulation (millions) 1992 3.1 454 0.01 1C4 004 5,607Population growth rate (average annual) 1965-92 /a 0.0 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.0 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 2.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4Population under 15 yeara old (percentage) 1990 26 38 23 46 31 32Population 60 years old end over (percentage) 1990 l 7 4 16 11 9

MortalityLife expectancy at birth 1992 74 70 64 76 e9 s6Median age of death 1990 73 S6 13 77 63 55Annual rate of life years lost (per 1.000 people) 1990 lb 13 22 10 09 20 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 17 33 14 43 28 40Infant mortality rate 1992 22 46 12 107 33 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 5G 161 49 261 148 196Under 5 mortality rate 1990 23 60 12 156 42 96Adult mortality rate for men 115-5S years old) 1990 194 226 134 413 240 234Adult mortality rate ior women (15-59 yeas old 1990 101 163 77 406 136 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100.000 live birthsl 1988 lb S6 136 21 490 132 266

Nutritional and heahh behaviorStunted children llow height for age, percentage) 1980-91 118 26 7 67 26 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 5 0 17 0 12Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 19B8-91 - 41 4 75 16 -

Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990 - 35 14 64 34 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b a 10 0 20 10 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1969 lb 54 10 66 64 seTobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capIta in adults) 1990 - 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9

Disease specific indlcatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1986-90- 96 193 73 595 93 187Non-communicable diseasee 1985-90- 519 494 386 630 676 626Injury 1985-90 67 96 53 201 109 84


Health Infrastructure and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92 2.90 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.2S 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92 0.2 0.6 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985.90- 4.6 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 86 71 41 99 71 80Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 82 75 31 99 82 79Births attended by health staff Ipercent) 1985 lb so is 97 72 Ss

Health expenditureTotal health expenditure lin millions of exchange rate dollar) 1990 380 468,60 133 19.871 100.458 1.702.455Per capita total health expenditure 1990 123 106 25 138 167 323Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.6 4.0 2.5 8.6 4.1 8.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.1 1.a 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2

Daveloprnent asalstance for health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 5 591 2 84 202Aid flows per capita 1990 1.7 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 1.4 1.3 0.1 20.3 O S

'Each value refers to one particular but not apecified year within the tim period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented hare are derived from appendix A In the Statistica Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993.la Source: World Bank Atlas.lb Source: World Development Indicators. World Development Report. 1993./c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

- so -

Table 8.36 National Indicators for Health Planning: VenezuelaLatin America and the Ca_bbean

Range lor regionTotal or Upper-middle

Indicators Venezuela average Min9num Maximum licoms group World

Economic and socialGNP (millions of exchange rate dollarsi 1992 /a 68,916 1.199,271 181 426,412 2.089,768 21.024.763GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 2.730 2.411 370 11,760 3,469 4,167Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 94 100 78 114 104 97Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 85 71 29 87 73 51

DemographIcPopulation Imillions) 1992 20.2 464 0.01 164 004 5.267Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.7 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7Total fertility rate 1992 3.6 3.3 1.9 6.5 2.9 3.4Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 38 36 23 46 31 32Population 60 years old and over ipercentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 11 9

MortaliyLife expectancy at birth 1992 72 70 64 70 69 a6Median age of death 1990 62 55 13 77 63 65Annual rate of life years logt (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 12 22 10 69 20 34Perinatal mortality rate 1990 26 33 14 43 28 40Infant mortality rate 1992 22 45 12 107 33 62Under 5 mortality rate 1960 78 161 49 261 146 1S6Under 5 mortality rate 1990 26 60 12 156 42 9tAdult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 196 228 134 413 240 234Adult mortality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 106 153 77 406 136 169Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 lb 6S 138 21 4.0 132 26S

Nutritional and health behaviorStunted children flow height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 7 26 7 67 28 42Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 4 5 0 17 6 12Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1 986-91 -- 41 4 75 16 --Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 29 35 14 64 34 42Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 9 10 6 20 10 14Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb - 54 10 66 64 S6Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1.5 1.6 0.9 4.6 1.8 1.9

Disease speclflc IndicatorsMortality rates due to major causes of deathdeaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age):

Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90- 161 193 73 596 93 187Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 449 494 386 630 676 626Injury 1985-90- 110 96 53 201 109 84


Health Infrastructurs and servicesDoctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 1.65 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.6 0.9 1.4Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90 2.9 2.6 0.8 6.0 6.1 3.6Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 54 71 41 99 71 O0Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 64 75 31 99 82 79Births attended by health staft tporcent) 1985 lb 82 80 19 97 72 65

Health expenditumTotal health expenditure fin millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 2,009 48,660 133 19,871 100,468 1.702,456Per capita total health expenditure 1990 102 105 26 138 167 323Total heafth expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.2 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 3.0Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GODP 1990 2.0 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9Private sector health expenditure as a percentace of GDP 1990 2.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2

Development sasIstance lor health /cTotal aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 2 591 2 84 202 -Aid flows per capita 1990 0.1 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.1 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5

Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here ere derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993./a Source: Worild Bank Atlas.lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993.Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures.

Part C. Technical Notes

- 53 -

Technical Notes

The following notes are drawn from the Appendix A of WDR 1993.

Tables A. 1 presents basic data on population and GNP. Tables A.2through A.7 provide population and health data as a supplement to the maintext and to the data presented in the World Development Indicators.Economies are listed in an alphabetical order, and the names of those countriesfor which GNP per capita is uncertain are italicized.

Although the data reported here are drawn from the most authoritativesources available, comparability is limited because of variation in datacollection, statistical methods, and definitions. Differences in the reliability ofthe data are indicated by presenting less accurate figures in italics.

Table A.2 Population structure and dynanmics

Population in 1990 by country and the percentages for under age 15and for age 60 and over were taken from Bos and others 1992. Regional totalswere obtained by addition. The regional population totals provide the basis forthe regional projections carried out for this Report for the period 1950 to2050. The basis for the mortality assumption for the projection for LatinAmerica and the Caribbean 1990 was deaths and population by age asavailable in the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) data base for1990. Fertility estimates for the period 1950 to 1990 were determined by the1990 age distributions and the mortality assumptions. Fertility estimates for theperiod 1990 to 2050 were taken as weighted averages of the country-specificvalues used by Bos and others 1992. Estimates of migration were obtainedindirectly from United Nations, World Population Prospects 1990. Regionalsummaries for various columns of Table A.2---total fertility rate, total livebirths, life expectancy, median age at death, child mortality rate, and adultmortality rate by sex---are taken directly from the regional projections.

Country-specific values for total fertility rate and total live births in1990 are taken from projection data bases in Bos and others 1992. Mortalityindicators are based on the child mortality estimates for 1960, 1975, and 1990,which, for developing countries, are largely based on the special exercisedescribed below.

Life expectancy at birth. e(0), is the number of years that a person bornin a given year could expect to live, given the age-specific mortality rates forthat year. Life expectancy in 1960 and 1990 and male and female adult

- 54 -

mortality rates for 1990 were derived from the child mortality estimates forthat year, combined with assumptions about the relationship between child andadult mortality based on the country-specific projections in Bos and others1992. The adult mortality rate for a given sex is the probability of dyingbetween ages 15 and 60, expressed per 1,000. Median age at death is the agebelow which half of all deaths occur in a year.

The perinatal mortality rate is the number of perinatal deaths (late fetaldeaths, occurring at twenty-eight weeks of gestation or thereafter, and earlyneonatal deaths, occurring within the first seven days of life) per 1,000 births.Estimates of perinatal mortality were derived from various data sources. Vitalregistration data were used for Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. The remainingestimates drew on community- and hospital-based studies at the district orother subnational level that were expanded to the national level using eitherpercentage of the population living in urban areas in 1990 or percentage ofbirths attended by trained health staff.

The child mortality rate is defined as the probability of dying by exactage 5. Estimates for the period 1960 to 1990 were obtained from a specialexercise carried out jointly for the World Development Report and the UnitedNations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the results of which will be published asUNICEF, The Progress of Nations 1993. The sources of information are thosegiven in United Nations, Child Mortality since the 1960s (1992), augmentedby recently available census and survey data. For each observation of childmortality, there is a corresponding observation of the date to which themeasure refers. Point estimates of child mortality were obtained by fitting aline to the observations using weighted least squares, the independent variablesbeing years (to account for trends) and the weights being based on consensusjudgment about the relative robustness of estimates derived from differenttypes of data. In order to focus on rates of change, the dependent variable usedis the logarithm of the observed child mortality rates. For estimates beyond therange of the observations, extrapolation is used; all estimates based onextrapolation are shown in italics. For countries not included in ChildMortality since the 1960s,. estimates of child mortality by period have beentaken from United Nations, Mortality of Children under Age Five (1988).Estimates for calendar years have been obtained by averaging estimates foradjacent five-year periods.

Table A.3 Nutrition and health behavior

Stunting is defined as low height-for-age; data are for children ages 24--59 months. Wasting is defined as low weight-for-height; data are for childrenages 12--23 months. Moderate to severe stunting or wasting means,respectively, height-for-age or weight-for-height more than 2 standarddeviations below the median of the National Center for Health Statistics

- 55 -

(NCHS) reference population. What matters is the excess over the prevalencein the reference population; the latter includes genetic effects as well asmalnutrition. Stunting is interpreted as measuring chronic malnutrition andwasting as measuring acute or short-term malnutrition, whether the cause isinadequate food intake or infectious disease or both. Mild or moderatemalnutrition is not considered disease, but all degrees of malnutrition increasethe risk of death in children. Exclusively breastfed babies include those whoregularly received only breast milk before age 4 months. Women are classifiedas anemic when the blood hemoglobin level is below the WHO norm of 110grams per liter.

Tobacco consumption per year is an estimate of kilograms ofconsumption of dry-weight tobacco per adult (age 15 and older). Whereconsumption in raw-leaf equivalent is not available, data are derived byconverting data on consumption or sales of products. In some casesconsumption is calculated from production of and net trade in leaf andproducts. Consumption of tobacco for 1990 and 2000 was projected through amodel that used assumptions on the growth of private consumption expenditureto derive per capita demand for tobacco. The demand functions and elasticitieswere based on analysis of recent national family budget surveys and past timeseries of consumption. Antismoking campaigns and other preventive activitiesthat have influenced the level of tobacco consumption were considered forsome countries through a trend factor, independent of income and price.

Sources for data on child nutrition are World Health Organization(WHO), Demographic and Health Surveys, Institute for Resource Developmentof Macro Systems (IRD), and UNICEF; for anemia, WHO; and for tobaccoconsumption, the Commodities and Trade Division of the Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations (1990).

Table A.4 Mortality by broad cause, and incidence of tuberculosis

Mortality rates are standardized for age by the direct method, usingworld population as the standard population. Infectious diseases andreproductive health problems include all deaths from infectious diseases listedin the Ninth Edition International Classification of Diseases (1977), plusinfluenza and pneumonia, nutritional disorders and anemia, maternal causes ofdeath (including abortion), and perinatal causes of death. Injuries include allviolent causes, whether intentional, unintentional, or unknown.Noncommunicable diseases include all other causes of death. Deaths of whichthe cause was coded as ill-defined are distributed among the three groups inproportion to the number of deaths in each group. The source is WHO dataderived from national vital statistics. Estimates for economies with incompletedeath registration (less than 90 percent of deaths), high levels of nonmedicalcertification of causes of death (more than 15 percent), or high proportions of

- 56 -

deaths from ill-defined causes (more than 20 percent) are considered unreliableand are shown in italics.

The incidence rate of tuberculosis has been estimated using the mostrecent available information recorded by governments and corrected for manydeveloping countries with additional information from epidemiological studies.The data source is WHO's Tuberculosis Programme.

Table A.5 Health infrastructure and services

Doctor is defined to include only individuals with the professionaldegree of medical doctor. The definition of nurse includes only registerednurses and registered midwives. Hospital bed is defined as beds in clinics andhospitals; beds in long-term care facilities and nursing homes are excluded.Data sources are the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperationand Development (OECD), PAHO, and WHO.

Immunization data refer to DPT3---three completed doses of vaccineagainst diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus---and to measles.The denominator for estimating coverage is the number of surviving infantsage 1 year. The source of data is WHO's Expanded Programme onImmunization.

Table A.6 Health expenditure and total flows from external assistance

Health expenditure includes outlays for prevention, promotion,rehabilitation, and care; population activities; nutrition activities; program foodaid; and emergency aid specifically for health. It does not include water andsanitation. Per capita expenditures and per capita aid flows are based on WorldBank midyear population estimates.

Total health expenditure is expressed in official exchange rate U.S.dollars. Information on government health expenditures is from nationalsources, supplemented by Government Finance Statistics (published by theInternational Monetary Fund), World Bank sector studies, and other studies.Data on parastatal expenditures (for health-related social security and socialinsurance programs) are from the Social Security Division of the InternationalLabour Organisation (ILO) and the World Bank. Data are drawn from abackground paper to this Report by the Harvard Center for Population andDevelopment Studies.

Public sector expenditures include government health expenditures,parastatal expenditures, and foreign aid, making the figures comparable withthose for OECD countries. Private sector financing data for countries otherthan OECD members are based on household surveys carried out by the ILO

- 57 -

and other sources, supplemented by information from United Nations NationalIncome Accounts, World Bank studies, and other studies published in thescientific literature.

Estimates for countries with incomplete data were calculated in threesteps. First, where data on either private or public expenditures were lacking,the missing figures were imputed from data from countries for whichinformation was available. The imputation followed regressions relating publicor private expenditure to GDP per capita. Second, for a country with no healthexpenditure data, it was assumed that the share of GDP spent on health wasthe same as the average for the corresponding demographic region. Third, ifGDP was also unknown but population was known, it was assumed that percapita health spending was the same as the regional average. The two regionalaverage imputations covered forty-seven countries but added only $10 billionto estimated global spending.

Estimates for development assistance for health are expressed in officialexchange rate U.S. dollars. Total aid flows represent the sum of all healthassistance for health to each country by bilateral and multilateral agencies andby international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Direct bilateralofficial development assistance (ODA) comes from the OECD countries.Sources of multilateral development assistance include United Nationsagencies, development banks (including the World Bank), the EuropeanCommunity, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).Major international NGOs include the International Committee for the RedCross (ICRC) and the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF).National NGOs were not included because the available information was notseparated by recipient country.

Information on ODA from bilateral and multilateral organizations wascompleted by data from the OECD's Development Assistance Committee(DAC) and Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and from the AdvisoryCommittee for the Coordination of Information Systems (ACCIS). DAC hascompiled annual aggregate ODA statistics, by sector, since 1960. The OECD'sCRS, established in 1970, complements the DAC statistics by identifyingcontributions allocated by sector. The CRS database is the most completesource of information for bilateral ODA, but its completeness varies amongOECD countries and from year to year. ACCIS has kept, since 1987, aRegister of Development Activities of the United Nations that lists sources offunds and executing agencies for all United Nations projects by sector.

The estimates of development assistance in this table were prepared bythe Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies as a backgroundpaper for this Report.

Distributors of World Bank Publications

ARGENTINA EGYPT, ARAB REPUBLIC OF KENYA SAUDI ARABIA, QATARCarlos Hirsch, SRL Al Ahram Africa Book Service (E.A.) Ltd. Jarir Book StoreGaleria Guemes Al Galaa Street Quaran House, Mfangano Street PO Box 3196Florida 165, 4th Floor-Of. 453/465 Cairo P.O. Box 45245 Rivadh 114711333 Buenos Aires Nairobi

The Middle East Observer SINGAPORE, TAIWAN,Oficina del Ubro Internacional 41, Sherif Street KOREA, REPUBLIC OF MYANMARBRUNEIAlberti 40 Cairo Pan Korea Book Corporation Gower Asia Pacific Pte Ltd.1082 Buenos Aires P.O. Box 101, Kwangwhamun Golden Wheel Building

FINLAND Seoul 41. Kallang Pudding, #04-03AUSTRALIA, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Akateeminen Kirjakauppa Singapore 1334FIJI, SOLOMON ISLANDS, P.O. Box 128 Korean Stock Book CentreVANUATU, AND WESTERN SAMOA SF-00101 Helsinki 10 P.O. Box 34 SOUTH AFRICA, BOTSWANAD.A. Information Services Yeoeido For single tilIes648 Whitehorse Road FRANCE Seoul Oxford University PressMitcham 3132 World Bank Publications Southern AfricaVictoria 66, avenue d'ltna MALAYSIA P.O. Box 1141

75116 Paris University of Malaya Cooperative Cape Town 8000ALUSTRIA Bookshop. LimitedGerold and Co. GERMANY P.O. Box 1127, jalan Pantai Baru For ssbscription orders:Graben 31 UNO-Verlag 59700 Kuala Lumpur International Subscription ServiceA-1011 Wien Poppelsdorfer Allee 55 P.O Box 41095

53115 Bonn MEXICO CraighallBANGLADESH INFOTEC Johannesburg 2024Micro Industries Development GREECE Apartado Postal 22-860

Assistance Society (MIDAS) Papasotiriou S.A. 14060 Tlalpan, Mexico D.F. SPAINHouse 5, Road 16 35, Stournara Str. Mundi-Prensa Libros, S.A.Dhanmondi R/Area 106 82 Athens NETHERLANDS Castello 37Dhaka 1209 De Lindeboom/InOr-Publikaties 28001 Madrid

HONG KONG, MACAO P.O. Box 202BELGIUM Asia 2000 Ltd. 7480 AE Haaksbergen Ubreria Interniadonal AEDOSJean De Lannoy 46-48 Wyndharn Street Consell de Cent, 391Av. du Roi 202 Winning Centre NEW ZEALAND 08009 Barcelona1060 Brussels 7th Floor EBSCO NZ Ltd.

Central Hong Kong Private Mail Bag 99914 SRI LANKA AND THE MALDIVESBRAZIL New Market Lake House BookshopPublicacoes Tecnicas Intemacionais Ltda. HUNGARY Auckland P O Box 244Rua Peixoto Gomide, 209 Foundation for Market Economy 100, Sir Chittarmpalam A.01409 Sao Paulo, SP Dombovari Ut 17-19 NIGERIA Gardiner Mawatha

H-1117 Budapest University Press Limited Colombo 2CANADA Three Crowns Building JerichoLe Diffuseur INDIA Private Mail Bag 5095 SWEDENISIA Boul. de Mortagne Allied Publishers Private Ltd. Ibadan For single titles:Boucherville, Qu6bec 751 Mount Road Fritzes Fackboksforetaget74B SF6 Madras -600002 NORWAY Regeringsgatan 12, Box 16356

Narvesen Information Center 5-103 27 StockholmRenouf Publishing Co. INDONESIA Book Department1294 Algoma Road Pt. Indira Limited P.O. Box 6125 Etterstad For silbscnption orders:Ottawa, Ontario Jalan Borobudur 20 N-0602 Oslo 6 WennergTen-Williams ABKIB 3W8 P.O. Box I81 P.O Box 1305

Jakarta 10320 PAKISTAN S-171 25 SolnaCHINA Mirza Book AgencyChina Financial & Economic IRAN 65, Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam SWITZERLAND

Publishing House Kowkab Publishers P.O. Box No. 729 For single titles:8, Da Fo Si Dong Jie P.O. Box 19575-511 Lahore 54000 Librairie PayotBeijing Tehran Case postale 3212

PERU CH 1002 LausanneCOLOMBIA IRELAND Editorial Desarrollo SAInfoenlace Ltda. Government Supplies Agency Apartado 3824 For subscription orders:Apartado Aereo 34270 4-5 Harcourt Road Lima I Librairie PavotBogota D.E. Dublin 2 Service des Abonnements

PHILIPPINES Case postale 3312COTE D'IVOIRE ISRAEL International Book Center CH 1002 LausanneCentre d'Edition et de Diffusion Yozmot Literature Ltd. Suite 1703, Cityland 10

Africaines (CEDA) P.O. Box 56055 Condominium Tower I THAILAND04 B.P. 541 Tel Aviv 61560 Ayala Avenue, H.V. dela Central Department StoreAbidjan 04 Plateau Costa Extension 306 Silom Road

ITALY Makati, Metro Manila BangkokCYPRUS Licosa Commissionaria Sansoni SPACenter of Applied Research Via Duca Di Calabria, I/1 POLAND TRINIDAD & TOBAGOCyprus College Casella Postale 552 International Publshing Service Systematics Studies Unit6, Diogenes Street, Engomi 50125 Firenze Ul. Piekna 31/37 #9 Watts StreetP.O. Box 2006 00-6,7 Warszawa CurepeNicosia JAMAICA Trmidad, West Indies

Ian Randle Publishers Ltd. For subscription orders;DENMARK 206 Old Hope Road IPS Journals UNITED KINGDOMSamfundsLitteratur Kingston 6 Ul. Okrezna 3 Microinfo Ltd.Rosenoerns Alll 02-916 Warszawa PO. Box 3DK-1970 Fredenksberg C JAPAN Alton, Hampshire GU34 2PG

Eastern Book Service PORTUGAL EnglandDOMINICAN REPUBLIC Hongo 3-Chome, Bunkyo-ku 113 Livraria PortugalEditora Taller, C. por A. Tokyo Rua Do Carmo 70-74 ZIMBABWERestauracidn e Isabel la Catolica 309 1200 Lisbon Longman Zimbabwe (Pvt.) Ltd.Apartado de Correos 2190 Z-1 Tourle Road, ArdbennieSanto Domingo P.O. Box ST 125

SouthertonHarare

RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS (continued)

No. 226 Bindlish, Evenson, and Gbetibouo, Evaluation of T&V-Based Extension in Burkina Faso

No. 227 Cook, editor, Involuntary Resettlement in Africa: Selected Papers from a Conference on Environment andSettlement Issues in Africa

No. 228 Webster and Charap, The Emergence of Private Sector Manufacturing in St. Petersburg: A Survey of Firms

No. 229 Webster, The Emergence of Private Sector Manufacturing in Hungary: A Survey of Firms

No. 230 Webster and Swanson, The Emergence of Private Sector Manufacturing in the Former Czech and Slovak FederalRepublic: A Survey of Firms

No. 231 Eisa, Barghouti, Gillham, and Al-Saffy, Cotton Production Prospectsfor the Decade to 2005: A Global Overview

No. 232 Creightney, Transport and Economic Performance: A Survey of Developing Countries

No. 233 Frederiksen, Berkoff, and Barber, Principles and Practicesfor Dealing with Water Resources Issues

No. 234 Archondo-Callao and Faiz, Estimating Vehicle Operating Costs

No. 235 Claessens, Risk Management in Developing Countries

No. 236 Bennett and Goldberg, Providing Enterprise Development and Financial Services to Women: A Decade of BankExperience in Asia

No. 237 Webster, The Emergence of Private Sector Manufacturing in Poland: A Survey of Firms

No. 238 Heath, Land Rights in C6te d'Ivoire: Survey and Prospectsfor Project Intervention

No. 239 Kirmani and Rangeley, internzational Inland Waters: Concepts for a More Active World Bank Role

No. 240 Ahmed, Renewable Energy Technologies: A Review of the Status and Costs of Selected Technologies

No. 241 Webster, Newly Privatized Russian Enterprises

No. 242 Barnes, Openshaw, Smith, and van der Plas, What Makes People Cook with Improved Biomass Stoves?:A Comparative International Review of Stozve Programs

No. 243 Menke and Fazzari, Improving Electric Power Utility Efficietncy: Issues and Recommendations

No. 244 Liebenthal, Mathur, and Wade, Solar Energy: Lessonsfrom the Pacific Island Experience

No. 245 Klein, External Debt Management: An Introduction

No. 246 Plusquellec, Burt, and Wolter, Modern Water Control in Irrigation: Concepts, Issues, and Applications

No. 247 Ameur, Agricultural Extension: A Step beyond the Next Step

No. 248 Malhotra, Koenig, and Sinsukprasert, A Survey of Asia's Energy Prices

No. 249 Le Moigne, Easter, Ochs, and Giltner, Water Policy and Water Markets: Selected Papers and Proceedingsfrom theWorld Bank's Annual Irrigation and Drainage Seminar, Annapolis, Maryland, December 8-10, 1992

No. 250 Rangeley, Thiam, Andersen, and Lyle, International River Basin Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa

No. 251 Sharma, Rietbergen, Heimo, and Patel, A Strategyfor the Forest Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa

No. 252 The World Bank/FAO/UNIDO/lndustry Fertilizer Working Group, World and Regional Supply and DemandBalancesfor Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potash, 1992/93-1998/99

No. 253 Jensen and Malter, A Global Review of Protected Agriculture

No. 254 Frischtak, Governance Capacity and Economic Reform in Developing Countries

No. 255 Mohan, editor, Bibliography of Publications: Technical Department, Africa Region, July 1987 to April 1994

No. 256 Campbell, Design and Operation of Smallholder Irrigation in South Asia

No. 257 Malhotra, Sinsukprasert, and Eglington, The Performance of Asia's Energy Sector

No. 258 Willy De Geyndt, Managing the Quality of Health Care in Developing Countries

No. 259 Chaudry, Reid, Malik, editors, Civil Service Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean: Proceedings of a Conference

No. 260 Humphrey, Payment Systems: Principles, Practice, and Improvements

No. 261 Lynch, Provision for Children with Special Educational Needs in the Asia Region

The World Bank

Headquarters European Office Tokyo Office a1818 H Street, N.W. 66, avenue d'Iena Kokusai BuildingWashington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. 75116 Paris, France 1-1, Marunouchi 3-chome

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, JapanTelephone: (202) 477-1234 Telephone: (1) 40.69.30.00Facsimile: (202) 477-6391 Facsimile: (1) 40.69.30.66 Telephone: (3) 3214-5001Telex: MC164145 WORLDBANK Telex: 640651 Facsimile: (3) 3214-3657

MCI 248423 WORLDBANK Telex: 26838Cable Address: INTBAFRAD

WASHIlNGTONDC

13037 POP 1000-8213-3037-3

HEALTH STATISTICS AMERIC

1111111111111111 j11111400000014722

$6.95

Cover design by Walton Rosenquist ISBN 0-8213-3037-3

world bank documentdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/783141468778818974/pdf/multi0page.pdf ·...

Documents