e tDocument of

The World Bank

FOR OFCIAL USE ONLY

Rleprt No. 7675-SE

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

SENEGAI.

SECOND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

FEBRUARY 26, 1990

Agriculture DivisionSahelian DepartmentAfrica Region

This document has a restricted distribution si.d may be used by recipients only in the performance oftheir official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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CURRfNCY QUIVALSENS

Currency unit: CIA Franc (CIA?)1 US$ - CIA? 3241 SDR - USS 1.32

(as of December 1989)

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Metric system

FISCAL YEAR

Government: July 1 - June 30ISRA: January 1 - December 31

FOR OFFmIAL USK ONLY

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACROKMS

CDH Centre d. D4veloppement Horticolo(Horticultural Research Center)

CIAT International Center for Tropical AgricultureCILSS Conit6 Inter-Etat de Lutte Contre la S&cheresse Sah4lienne

(Sahelian Drought Intergovernmental Committee)CIRAD French Center for International Cooperation in Agricultural

Research for DevelopmentCNRA Centre National de Recherche Agricole, Bambey

(National Agricultural Research Center)CNRF Centre National de Recherches Forestilres

(National Forestry Research Center)CRODT Centre ie Recherches Ocdanographiques de Dakar-Thiaroye

(Oceanographic Research Center of Dakar-Thiaroye)IEMVT Institut d'Elevage et de Medecine Vetdrinaire pour lea Pays

Tropicaux(Animal Production and Health Research Institute forTropical Countries)

IRAT Institut de Recherche Agronomique Tropicale et des CulturesVivrieres

(Research Institute for Tropical Agriculture)ISNAR International Service for National Agricultural ResearchISRA Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles

(Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute)LNREV Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et des Recherches

Veterinaires(National Animal Health Research Laboratory)

MDR Ministere du D4veloppement Rural(Ministry of Rural Development)

ORSTOM Office de Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer(Foreign Science and Technology Research Institute)

PAPEM Point d'Appui pour Experimentations Multiples(Large Scale Experimental Test Areas)

PQ ISRA's 5-year Research ProgramSAED Societe d'Am6nagement et d'Exploitation des Terres du Delta

du Fleuve S6negal(Senegal River Valley Development Agency)

SODAGRI Rural Development Agency for the South EastSODEFITEX Societe pour le Developpement des Fibres Textiles

(Rural Development Agency for the West)SODESP Societe pour le Developpement de l'Elevage de la Zone

Sylvo-pastorale (Sylvo-pastoral Livestock Authority)SODEVA Societe de Developpement et de Vulgarisation Agricole

(Groundnut Basin Extension Agency)SOMIVAC Societe de Mise en Valeur Agricole de la Casamance

(Casamance Development Agency)

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bankc authorization.

SECOND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

STAF APPRAISAL Rr

Table of ContentsPace

Abbreviations and AcronymsTable of Contents {i)Credit and Project Summary (iii)Documents contained in the Project File (vi)

I. Backoround

A. Project Background. 1B. The RuralSector. 1C. Government Objectives and Strategy. 2D. Agricultural Institutions ................................ 3E. Bank's Lending Operations. 3F. Sector Lending Strategy. 4

II. Agricultural Research

A. Agricultural Research in Senegal. 4B. ISRA. 6C. Agricultural Research Project (Cr. 1176-SE). 8D. Lessons Learned from the First Project .11E. Current Issues ........................................... 11F. Justification for a Second Research Project .12

III. The Project

A. ISRA's Five-Year Research Program .13B. Research Priorities .14C. Planning and Management of Research .15D Project Area .16E. Project Objectives and Summary Description .17F. Detailed Features .18G. Anticipated Research Results during the Project .23H. Project Costs and Financing .24I. Procurement .26J. Disbursements .27K. Environmental Imact .27

This report is based on the findings of a Bank appraisal mission which tookplace in November 1988 and February 1989 and consisted of Messrs J. Cerych(mission leader), A. Spurling, P. Sihm, F. Schorosch and Ms. J. Masterson (IDA).

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lV. Proiect ImDlementation

a. Organizati.on and Management ...................................................... 28B. Research - Zxtension Linkagk ............................. 30C. Financial Control, Audit and Reporting ................... 31

V. Benefits and Risks

A. Main Benefits ... . ........................................ 32D. Project Risks . . .. 32

VI. Asoarances and Recommendation ................................. 33

Annexes

1. ISRA's 5-Year Research Program2. Research Programs Proposed for IDA Financing3. Salient Characteristics of Agricultural Zones4. ISRA's Links with International Agricultural Research5. ISRA's Fertilizer Recommendations6. Results of ISRA's Agricultural Research (1974-1988)7. Natural Resources Managemnent Research Program8. Research Support Services9. Project Costs10. Amounts and Methods of Procurement11. Estimated Schedule of Disbursements12. ISRA's Operating Expenses 1983-87

Charts

I. Organization of ISRAII. Research Plan.aing Process

MaR IBRD 21318

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SICOD ASCULTUAL RUSA PROJECT

Credit and Prouect Suiar,

Borrowert Republic of Senegal

Beneficiary: Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA)

Amount: SDR 14.0 million (US$ 18.5 million)

Terms: Standard, with 40 years maturity

Onlending Terms: Proceeds of the Credit would be passed on ingrant form to ISRA.

Financing Plan: Government US$ 20.4 millionIDA US$ 18.5 million

TOTAL USS 38.9 million

Economic Rate of Return:Not applicable

Proiect Description: The project, to be implemented over five years,would focus on: (a) adaptive research involvingthe testing, within the farming environment, ofthe technologies developed during the firstproject; (b) applied research targeted at majortechnical problems in the priority agriculturalzones; (c) development of an applied researchprogram of natural resources management; (d)strengthening of the linkages between research,extension, development agencies and the farmingcommunity; (e) strengthening of administrativeand financial management of ISRA; (f) providingfinancial support for ISRA's research supportservices and for establishment of a commercialproduction company to manage revenue-earningactivities; and (g) establishing an unallocatedResearch Reserve Fund to enable urgent researchwork identified at the yearly research reviews tobe financed without delay. The project providesfunds for civil works including centralheadquarters of ISRA in Dakar, vehicles,

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equipment, local training, technical assistanceto ISRA's administration and financial management(two years residence plus short term missions)and incremental operat3ng costs. The total costof the project is estimated at USS 38.9 millionequivalent with a f,.eign exchange component ofUS$ 10.5 million (272).

Benefits and Risks: The closer integration of research on crops,livestock and forestry will contribute to thedevelopment of sustainable farming systems thatwill assist with the restoration and conservationof soil fertility and so with crop productivity.An increased emphasis on adaptive research, withthe extension service and the farming communityparticipating in the research process, willassist with the adaption of technical advancesmade during the first project to the needs of thefarming community. This will be furtherstrengthened through the close coordination ofthis project with that concurrently proposed foragricultural services. Both the long-term needsof the environment and the most immediatetechnical problems of farmers will thus receivehigh priority and compartmentalized scientificresearch will be diminished.Possible risks include a program segmentationbecause of a multiplicity of cofinanciers ofresearch. slowness of ISRA's management inachieving the shift in emphasis from thematicresearch to multi-disciplinary problem-orientedresearch, and ineffective feed-back from theproduction systems research teams and from theextension services. The major general risk is,as was the case for the first project, that theneed to solve immediate specific problems willprevent manak .nt from concentrating sufficientsupervision ar resources to the more conceptualnecessity of a *eorientation of the researchprogram. The annual reviews of the on-going andplanned research would address these risks.

Map: IBRD 21318

credit.sarSARI

Estgimted Cost$ and Financing Pln

Ztimat,ed Cogts a/ Local foreinm----------USS million---------

Civil Vorks 0.8 1.. 1.9Zquipment 0.3 2.7 3.0Vehicles 0.1 1.1 1.2Operating Cost Research 14.9 2.5 17.4Operating Cost Administration 6.2 0.9 7.1Consultants, Audit, Training 0.8 0.2 1.0Reserve Research Fund 0.1 0.9 1.0

Base Cost 23.2 9.4 32.6

Physical Contingencies 0.1 0.5 0.6Price Contingencies 4.3 1.4 5.7

Total Project Cst 27.6 11.3 38.9

a/ Exclusive of taxes ard duties.

Financing Plan Local, Foreign Total-(S$---- (US$ million)--------

Government 19.5 0.9 20.4

IDA 8.1 10.4 18.5

Total 27.6 11.3 38.9

Estimated IDA Disbursements (USS million)

FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96

Annual 3.0 4.5 4.5 3.0 2.0 1.5Cumulation 3.0 7.5 12.0 i5.0 17.0 18.5

costs.preSAR2

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S AGRCLTURAL C!PIO !

Docuimnt Aailable 1in the Proj*ct Fil.

Strategies et Programmation des Recherches 1989-93 (10 volumes)

Detailed Project Cost Tables

Rapport Particulier Provisoire ISRA - Gestion du Personnel

Groupe de Travail - La Situation Financiere de l'ISRA (2 volumes)

docprfil.vSAR1

smm

OECOND AMCULTURAL RESEARCP E

lSAv, APPflAI3AL

I * B&CKGROUND

A. Proilot ackoround

1.1 The Government of Senegal has requested IDA's assistance in financinga second phase of the Agricultural Research Project (Cr.1176-SE) which will be

completed in June 1989. The first project was conceived as a first phase of along-term program of support and strengthening of the agricultural research

capacity of the natioi:.al Agricultural Research Institute, the Institut S6nLgalaisdo Recherches Agricoles (ISRA). Although the broad lines of IDA's assistanceto ISRA remain unchanged, the Second Phase Project is focused on consolidating

achievements made under the first Project and on helping ISRA to implement itsand Government's five-year research program (Strat6gies et Progra-mmation desRecherches 1989-1993). This Programme has been prepared by ISRA during 1987 and

has been commented upon by IDA as well as by other donors (USAID, FAC/CIRAD).The final version of the Programme has been accepted by IDA and constitutes thetechnical outline of the Project.

B. The Rural Sector

1.2 Senegal has a total land area of nearly 200,000 km2. Its populationis currently about 7.0 million, and is growing at a cate of about 3% per annum.Per capita GNP for 1988 was estimated at US$ 630, the highest of the Sahelcountries. Since 1960, Senegal has experienced, however, one of the lowest GDPgrowth rates (2-3% per annum) of any African state not affected by war or civilstrife. Over the last few years, agriculture, which accounts for about 20% ofGDP, has contributed on average 22% of export revenues and has provided nearly70% of all employment in the economy. Over 93% of the total sector income is

derived from rainfed agriculture, with groundnuts representing 75% of the total

monetary income for a typical family. Almost all output of the rural sector isproduced by small-scale units, but there is much diversity in farm size, laboravailability, ownership of agricultural equipment, productivity, and income.Since seven out of ten Senegalese rely on the rurai sector economy tor their

livelihood, the sector will remain the main source of employment and income forthe large majority of the population for a long time.

1.3 Average rainfall has not only declined throtghout the country sincethe sixties, but it has also become highly variable from one year to the next.Arable land is estimated at 3.8 million hectares (about 19% of the land surface),

of which about 2.5 million ha are cropped annually. Extensive agriculture is

still dominant and population pressure is causing a constant shortening of fallow

periods. The main crops cultivated are groundnuts and millet/sorghum, followed

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b, maize, rice, cotton, cowpeas and cassava. Agricultural exports, includingfisheries, remain e*ssntial to Senegal's balance of payments, although exportearnings dropped in 1986-88 due to falling international prices of groundnut andcotton and to the aprreciation of the CFA franc vis-&-vis the dollar.

1.4 Despite considerable efforts at modernization, rainfed agriculturecontinues to exhibit negative growth per head of the rural population. Asidefrom the poer climatic conditions, *ome of the sector's principal constraintsrelate tot (i) lack of dynaaism in agricultural technology generation anddiffusion; (ii) the high level of dependence of the rural sector onmillet/sorghum for domestic consumption,and on groundnut production for exportand the limited efforts in crop diversification; (iii) the lack of a well-functioning capital market and credit system; (iv) the low productivity of large-scale public investments; (v) the weak institutional environment for projectidentification and implementation; and (vi) insufficient and weak agriculturalproducer organizations.

C. Governmnt Obiectiven and Strateov

1.5 Government objectives, strategy and policies in the rural sector haveevolved in response to changes in economic conditions and as a result of the poorperformance of the sector. During the 1960s and 1970s, Government efforts topromote agricultural production focussed almost exclusively on the groundnutsubsector. Input distribution was tied to groundnut sales, and cereals marketingpolicy did not encourage production of marketable surpluses. For most farmers,groundnuts were therefore the single most important cash crop, while cerealsremained subsistence crops.

1.6 Adjustment of the economy became unavoidable at the end of the 1970.,when a combination of poor finarcial policies, overambitious investment programs,excessive internal and external borrowings, worsened terms of trade, andsuccessive droughts plunged an already weakened economy into a severe crisis.In response to this situation, an adjustment program was introduced in the early1980s to restore the country's situation through firm management of aggregatedemand. However, these policies were not sufficient to avoid deterioration ofthe country's financial situation and the growth of external debt. A newadjustment framework was thus formulated in which the agricultural sector playsa key role. This new framework concentrates on lifting supply-side constraintsand on creating an environment conducive to private sector participation and toa reduced role for the State.

1.7 Within this framework, the Government issued in 1984 "La NouvellePolitique Agricole" (NPA), of which the basic aim was to promote food self-sufficiency while consolidating the gains derived from industrial crops. TheNPA is oriented around five main axes: (i) organization and active pzrticipationof farmers, and of the private sector in general with a concomitant reductionof public control; (ii) reorganization and reduction of public sectorintervention; (iii) improvement of input supply through the provision of adequatefinancial means; (iv) better organization and management, and (v) reduction ofpre- and post-harvest losses through intensified pest control. Thus the mainthrust of the NPA was to refocus reforms so as to emphasize the management ofboth demand and supply.

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D. .oiultral Zn tLtutiQ

1.8 The inistry of Rural Develoment (MDR) has overall responsibilityfor development of the sector, but several other mlnistries, notably Livestock,Invlronmantal Protection, Hydraullcs, Social Development, Intorior and PublicWorks, each have som responsibliLty for rural development. While the Ministriesare primarlly responsible for policy-makLng, the actual lmpl ee ntatlon of thosepolicLes has, *snce lndependence, been entrusted to a number of para-publ±cregional developmnt agencies (RDAs) rather than to Government Departments. Eachagency was charged with implementing rural development programs ln particula-geographic areas. MDR's structure and staffing aro weak and ill-adapted tosuper"ising the current operations of the RDAs and the preparation andimpl ementation of projects.

1.9 The Regional Develooment Agencies include: SAED for irrigation inthe Senegal valley, SODEFITZX for extension work and cotton marketing in thesouth-east, SODZSP for extension work and livestock development in the semi-arid north-center, SODEVA for extension work in the Groundnut Basin, SOMIVAC forplanning and project execution in the south and SODAGRI in the south-east.These agencies are primarily concerned with providing crop-related services, butthey are increasingly providing services to other subsectors, such as cattleproduction. These agencies' staffs are relatively well paid and equippedcompared to Government departments, but, with the exception of SODZFITEX, theirfinancial soundness is unduly dependent on executina foreign-financed projects.The agencies have different degrees of financial and managerial autonomy- Tlisis due in part to their status either as wholly Government-owned enterprises(SAED, SODESP, SOMIVAC, STN) or mixed enterprises with minority private ownership(SODEF;TEX, SODEVA), but also to top management's style and willingness to takeinitiatives.

1.10 ISRA has the sole responsibility for agricultural research in Senogalsince its creation in 1975 (para. 2.10 through para. 2.16).

B. Bank's L-ndina Operations

1.11 Bank Group lending to Senegal's rural sector as of mid-1989 amountedto US$ 170 million for 19 projects, 14 of which had been completed. Theseoperations have bean in various subsectors, comprising: five projects forengineering, technical assistance and construction of polders and large irrigatedperimeters; two agricultural credit project; two projects for rice cultivationin the so;Ath; two resettlement projects in eastern Senegal; two ruraldevelopment-type projects, one in the Sine-Saloum and the other in EasternSenegal; a livestock development project in eastern Senegal; a forestry project,three rural development fund-type projects, the Drought Relief Fund and the twosmall rural operations projects; and an agricultural research project for whichthe proposed project is a follow-up.

1.12 Project performance has in general been patchy, with poor managementperformance and anticipated benefits increasingly unrealized, as completionreports and project performance audits have consistently noted. Factors citedas contributing to this generally disappointing performance are: (i) external

phenomena ranging from poor rainfall to inadequate national policies regardingagricultural credit and input pricing; vii) poor choice of technologies; and(iii) the weak institutional environment and the poor management performance ofrural development agencies.

F. Sector Lendin-. Strategy

1.13 Until the early 1980s, Bank assistance was mostly project-oriented.The acute financial crisis of the past several years and the maguitude of thestructural distortions in the economy led to a major shift in the Bank'sstrategy. The Bank Group's operations now have the following main objectives:first, to assist the Government with structural adjustment lending operations,accompanied where appropriate by technical assistance, in order to improve theproduction incentives and the efficiency of economic management, and to putmedium-term development efforts back on a sound financial footing; second, topromote the economy's long-term growth and development by supporting structuraladjustment through well-prepared investments, rehabilitation efforts and sectoraladjustment operations within a framework of appropriate sectoral policies; third,to improve our knowledge of Senegal's economic, social, institutional andadministrative frameworks so as to better tailor policy reforms to the country'sabsorptive capacity; and finally, to help improve aid effectiveness in Senegalby acting as the focal point for aid coordination between donors and theGovernment, at the same time assisting the latter to strengthen its own planningand aid coordination ability.

II. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

A. Agricultural Research in Senegal

2.1 Crop Research. Senegal has a long history of agricultural research,beginning in Bambey in 1921 when a research station was established to produceimproved varieties of groundnuts and to study cultivation methods. In 1933 thisresearch was expanded to include food crops grown in association with groundnuts:millez, sorghum, and cowpeas. Later, in 1936, a chemistry laboratory wasestablished, and soil pedology investigations began. In 1938, Bambey became theFederal station for agronomic research in French West Africa. When Senegalbecame independent in 1960, Bambey became the Centre National de la RechercheAgronomique (CNRA). By bilateral agreement, the administration was placed inthe hands of the French research organization, Institut de RecherchesAgronomiques Tropicales et des Cultures Vivri6res (IRAT). In 1975 ISRA wascreated and IRAT continued to assist in staffing with financial support from theFrench Government.

2.2 The basic approach to research from the 1960s to the early 1980sconsisted of an intensification theme (with emphasis on choice of species - seedvarieties, seed multiplication and diffusion), improved cultural practices (date,mode and density of sowing, pure cultures, and field maintenance), use ofagricultural inputs (chemical fertilizers, manure and phytosanitary treatment),and the application of draft power and associated equipment to increase theproductivity of labor. Research concentrated on crop improvement, leading toimproved cultural techniques for the main cash crops, groundnuts and cotton.

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There were alao research programs for food crops - millet, sorghum, maize, riceand cowpeas, mostly in varietal improvements. Although the research in foodcrops has generated higher yielding varieties suited to the shorter growingseasons, farmers have generally proferred to grow traditional varieties whichhave proved to be more reliable under local growing conditions, and havepresented no difficulty in multiplication - compared to those issued by resuarch.

2.3 Crop research before the phase 1 project had several major flaws:%i) it had poor linkage- with agricultural extension and hence research resultswere only to a limited degree successfully passed on to the farmer; (ii) it washeavily oriented towards plant breeding, with little attention to existing farmerconstraints; (iii) it was organized along disciplines, but deficient in researchprogramming and coordination; and (iv) it was oriented towards on-stationr-zearch at the expense of on-farm research in farmers' fields. To reduce theseflaws, and hence improve research efficiency, the first project aimed at makingagricultural research more problem-oriented - that is more responsive andapplicable to the real constraints of the farmers - and to foster stronger linksbetween research and extenaion and development agencies. Decentralization waspursued under the project through the establishment of nationally coordinatedmultidisciplinary research teams on priority commodities and regionalagricultural production systems.

2.4 Animal Research. Animal research began in 1935 with theestablishment of a laboratory for veterinary research at Hann near Dakar. Thisresearch station, like Bambey, had a federal responsibility for all of FrenchWest Africa until Senegalese independence in 1960 when it became the LaboratoireNational de l'Elevage et des Recherches v4tdrinaires (LNERV). The Frenchorganization, Institut d'Elevage et de mddecine vdtdrinaire des Pays Tropicaux(IEMVT), continued to assist LNERV by the secondment of expert staff. In 1975,LNERV was integrated into ISRAs' organization.

.5 J Animal research has been concentrated at LNERV and its substationat Sangalkam. Researct. has mostly been related to animal health (virology,bacteriology, helminthology, entomology and protozoology). The production ofvaccines (for several countries in West Africa) is a large activity at LNERV.Some attention has been given to animal nutrition, genetics, physiology andagrostology, especially at Sangalkam and at the Animal Production ResearchCenters at Dahra and Kolda. Some research work on oxen has been carried out atBambey where the "Bambey breed" was created by crossing the Peul Zebu with theN'Dama. Other cattle breed development work in Senegal includes the importingof the Montbeliard and Pakistani breeds for milk production at Sangaikam; theintroduction of the Guzerat bried (zebu) from Brazil and subsequent selectionfor adaptation at the Dahra station; and the genetic improvement of the N'Damabreed at Kolda. Sheep improvement research has been carried out at Dahra withthe Touabir breed and at Kolda with the Djallonke breed. Both stations haveincluded research on nutrition requirements of sheep and animal health controlprograms.

2.6 After many years of research in -nimal pathology, vaccines are stillnot easily accessible to small herders due, in large part, to inadequateextension support. Furthermore, Improved strains (giving more milk and meat)have not been widely adopted by traditional livestock owners. Thus, while

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research in animal pathology, especially in disease control and vaccinedevelopment and production are fairly advanced in Senegal, much more remains tobe done in successfully transferring and integrating research findings intolivestock production systems as well as in reinforcing the linkages betweenlivestock and crop production systems.

2.7 Ocoanoaraphic Research in Senegal started in 1961, when the Officede Recherche ScientLfique et Technique d'Outre-Mer (ORSTOM) established a centralresearch station in Dakar, the Centre de Rech-rche Oc4anographique de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT). aesearch in oceanography was centered mainly on studies onfisheries and aquatic resources potential, ecology and existing constraints, witha view to developing the country's fishing industry and at the same timeprotecting Senegal's water resources (oceans and rivers) from being depleted byover-fishing. ORSTOM has been successful in several important aspects ofoceanographic research, especially in the development of methods to monitor,evaluate, and exploit fisheries resources, research in the biology and behaviorof different species, improvements in fisheries production techniques, and infacilitating better understand.ng of the existing ecological infrastructures ofthe oceanographic environment.

2.8 The challenge for future oceanographic research is to provideadequate research responses to the problem of marine pollution, and to generatemore scientific data on the continental fishing potential, and the biology anddynamics of the still unknown species.

2.9 Forestry Research. Research in forestry was conducted by the CentreNational des Recherches Forestier Tropical (CNRF) since 1965 under the managementof Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT). It was heavily oriented towardsidentification, utilization and conservation of forestry resources, as well asreforestation. The accomplishments in forestry research are not at all evident,although the cumulative negative effects of adverse weather, such as loss ofvegetative cover, declining soil fertility, and increasing desert encroachmentin the northern part of the country, make it imperative and urgent to developappropriate responses. Future research should also aim at developing methodsfor integrating the technical propositions from forestry research into existingproduction and farming systems.

B. ISRA

2.10 ISRA was officially created in January 1975 by unifying the existingagricultural research centers C RA, LNERV, CRODT and CNRF under one nationalAgricultural Research Institute. ISRA was initially under the responsibilityof the Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research (MRST). Under pressure fromthe donors, the responsibility for agricultural research and ISRA was transferredin 1986 to the Ministry of Rural Development.

2.11 ISRA is managed by a Director General appointed by the President onthe recommendation of the Minister of Rural Development. The operations of ISRAare supervised by a Board of Governors (Conseil d'Administration) consisting ofeight voting members and five consulting members whose president is appointedby the Minister of Rural Development. A Scientific and Technical Committee (STC)composed of prominent national and international scientists meets annually to

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discuss with the Board and with ISRA the Institute's research programs andresults of past research. A Consultative Group on Agricultural Research composedof all donors also meets annually to exchange views with GOB on the progress ofthe ongoing research projects, the present and future financing of research, theperformance of the Borrower and the impact of on-going research on agriculturaldevelopment.

2.12 Currently ISRA has five scientific departments: Agrarian SystemResearch and Agricultural Zconomics, Commodity Research (Recherche sur lsproductions vfg4tales), Veterinary and Livestock Research, Forestry Research,oceanographic and Fisheries Research and Support Research. ISRA has ResearchCenters/Stations in Dakar (CDH, CRODT, LNERV, CNRF), Bambey, Djibelor, St. Louis,Kaolack, Tambacounda, Dahra and Kolda. The central laboratories and vaccineproduction facilities for livestock are in Dakar-Hann. ISRA's administration(other than research) is headed by a Secretary General. ISRA's general accountsare the responsibility of an accountant nominated by the Ministry of Finance(Agent Comptable Particulier - ACP). ISRA's accounting is now fully computerizedand the hardware and software (procured under the first Project) is adequate fornot only general accounts but also for budgetary and analytical accounts andpersonnel administration. ISRA presently employs (mid 1988) 915 permanent staff(excluding some 70 expatriates) of which 433 are directly involved in research,265 are Technical support staff, 143 are administrative staff and 74 are otherlower level staff.

2.13 ISRA's Linkages with International Research. Senegal has workedclosely with the international research community since the 1960s. France wasthe effective partner, within its responsibility for the management of senegaleseagricultural research, until the establishment of ISRA in 1974. Since then,Senegal has maintained a strong working relationship with the CGIAR, initiallywith rice (WARDA and IRRI) and livestock (ILCA). It now cooperates, in variousactivities, with 11 of the 13 IARCs (Annex 4). Senegal, which was a foundermember of WARDA, participates in its direction and the WARDA Irrigated Rice teamis currently taking the lead in rice research in the Fleuve region; it makes useof ISRA research facilities. Senegal has regularly represented West Africa inthe annual CGIAR meetings, has participated in SPAAR meetings, and a senegalesescientist has also been a member of the TAC.

2.14 The relationship with individual IARCs depends on commodityresponsibilities, geographical location and the quality of individual scientificcontacts. At present, the strongest relationships are those with ISNAR and withWARDA; regular contacts are maintained with IITA, ICRISAT, CIP, IFPRI, ILCA andwith IBPGR and occasional contacts are made with IRRI, CIMMYT and ILRAD. ISRPAcurrently has no contact with either CIAT or ICARDA. During the period of thePlan Quinquennal, ISRA plans to strengthen its linkages with the regional andinternational research network. Financial assistance will be provided by USAIDfor the continuation of the ISNAR studies on human resource development andmanagement, and also possibly for ISNAR's assistance with research planning anddevelopment.

2.15 Financing of ISRA. ISRA's operations and investments arefinanced from the following sources:

(i) The national budget;

(ii) Tolerated overdraft with the Central Accounts of Public Enterprises;

(iii) IDA credit to the Government (see under C below)1

(iv) Bi-lateral financing agre eme nts (e.g. USAID, FAC, CCCl, CIRAD);

(v) International financing agreements in the framework of multilateralcooperation (e.g., CEZ, BAD);

(vi) Agreements with the national Regional Development Agencies or othergovernmental or non-governmental organizations;

(vii) Own income from sales of vaccines and seeds.

2.16 The single most important source of financing is France whosecontributions have covered, over the last three years, about 30% of ISRA'sexpenses. However, the French contribution consists principally of Technicalassistance (direct, CIRAD, ORSTOM). IDA's contribution over the same periodcovered about 25% of ISRA's expenditures, the national budget 22% (essentiallysalaries), USAID financing decreased from 15% in 1986 to about 6% in 1988 andown resources covered about 5%. The remainii.g financing needs were covered bybi-lateral, multi-lateral and national conventions.

C. Agricultural Research Proiect (Cr. 1176-SBI

2.17 In 1978, following a Bank preparatory mission, the Government ofSenegal requested help of the International Agricultural Development Service(IADS) to prepare, in collaboration with ISRA, a Master Plan for improving thenational agricultural research system. The Plan made three main proposals: (i)reorganization of ISRA and regionalization of agricultural research; (ii)national coordination of multi-disciplinary commodity programs integrating theminto improved production systems; and (iii) establishment of priorities for theregionalization of the above-mentioned programs. This Plan was submitted to theGovernment and the Association early in 1979, reviewed and found generallyacceptable. Following this agreement ISRA prepared a more detailed proposal fora first phase implementation of the Plan. After fu-ther refinement, the Planbecame the basis of the appraisal of the first Project which took place late in1979.

2.18 The Project as prepared and appraised was a highly ambitious oneaiming at a broad reorganization and rationalization of ISRA and its oper tions,it financed the rehabilitation of ISRA's research infrastructure, theconstruction and equipment of over 100 staff houses, of several researchlaboratories and procurement of trucks, tractors, vehicles, small farm equipmentand research supplies. It also financed 880 man-years of scientists of which240 man-years were to be expatriates, and the employment of 184 other scientificstaff, 384 support staff and 44 headquarter staff. The total project cost wdeestimated at US$ 106.1 million, of which IDA financed USs ,9.5 million, theGovernment US$ 32.9 million equivalent, France US$ 35.3 million equivalent andUSAID US$16.3 million, and UNIFSTD and ICRISAT/WARDA US$ 2.1 million. The

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Project, however, explicitly oxcluded research on oceanography, forestry andhorticulture because, it was felt, theme research subsectors were already beingfinanced, or would be in the future, under other projects. The SAR presentationof the project as one research project cofinanced by several donors and theGovernment was misleading. In fact, there were several albeit complementaryprojects aiming at &alisting ISRA to build up its research potential, eachproject (and each donor) having different prioritiec, different procedures anda different tim frame. The French financed mainly technical assistance, andsowe specific research programs, USAID financed som civil works (under twodistinct projects) and some specific research programs, training and specifictechnical assistance; and IDA financed commodity and livestock research programs,civil works, equipment, technical assistance, some training aad, although thishad not originally been planned, a large part of ISRA's overheads.

2.19 The project became effective in June 1983. It became quicklyapparent to the supervision missions that ISRA did not follow the agreedprinciples concerning its organization and, moreover, that ISRA's financialsituation deteriorated rapidly to the point of paralysis because of lack ofbudgetary control, inadequate accounts and accounting procedures and incapacityto prepare disbursement requests in time. At the same time ISRA's staffincreased from some 600 during appraisal in 1979 to 1570 early in 1985. The Bankhad addressed several letters to the Minister of Scientific Research bringingthese issues to his attention without, however, receiving from him a satisfactoryanswer. This led to the decision to send a supervision mission to Senegal earlyin 1985 to review Project implementation in depth and to make recommendationsconcerning the future of the Project.

2.20 The findings of the mission and its recommendations were communicatedin July 1985 to the President of the Republic. The highlights of theserecommendations were the following:

(i) The Ministry of Rural Development instead of the Ministry forScientific Research should become ISRA's overseeing authority;

(ii) The legal form of ISRA should be changed to allow for independe'itscientific and financial management;

(iii) The organization of ISRA (Rbglement d'Etablissement) should bereviewed in order to establish a structure which corresponds, andis adapted to the needs of research;

(iv) A new accounting system should be put in place allowing for budgetarycontrol. In the meantime, an action plan should be prepared for therehabilitation of ISRA's finances. This plan should include changesin personnel and elimination of redundant staff.

The President accepted all these recommendations in principle.

2.21 Since summer 1986 ISRA and the Government have implemented most ofthe 1985 supervision mission recommendations:

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(i) I8RA is now und-r thk supervision (tutell*) of the Ministry of RuralDevelopymnt;

(1i) Tho accolnts are up-to-date and have been certified by independentauditors

(iii) A new organisation chart has been put in place (although still notofficially approved by C08) giving the responsibility for allresearch to the Directore of Ree-arch Departments;

(iv) ISRA's liquidity position has substantially improved by timelypreparation of disbursement requests so that in 1987, for the firsttime, funds for inputs and research were available when needed;, and

(v) ISRA's staff has been reduced by nearly 500 to under 1000 persons(early in 1987).

2.22 In spite of the difficulties discussed in para. 2.19 the overallachievements of the project are far from negligible:

(i) The management of Senegalese research is now entirely under nationaldirectors and the number of Senegalese scientists has increased form30 to 110. This increase and nationalisation of management has madeISRA a truly Senegalese research institute and is a quasi guaranteethat, in the future, the national research effort will be orientedtowards national priorities and local factors;

(ii) The creation of BAME (Department of Macro-economic Analysis) has hadhighlv beneficial results as concerns collection of original datarequired for sectoral analysis, and the reports prepared by BAME havea great value because they are based on primary data and not onrecycled secondary data;

(iii) The decentralization of .SRA's research and the introduction ofspecialized teams in production-system research has produced preciousinformation for researchers at the station level and has resultedin broader and more field oriented research programs of qreaterrelevance to the farmer than originally planned;

(iv) ISRA research has already generated many valuable varieties anduseful technologies for the agricultural sector (Annex 6). In themajor agricultural zones, rainy seasons have become shorter (by 10to 20 days) and drier (average of 200 mm less rainfall) during thepast few years. The groundnut and small grain (millet and sorghum)plant breeders have succeeded in developing short cycle droughtresistant varieties with acceptable yields and quality. Some ofthese varieties are already being extensively usui by farmers, asis the Asperaillus flavus (casual organism of Aflatoxin) resistantgroundnut variety now widely (c. 50%) planted in the northern partof the groundnut basis. A technical package (minikit) for cowpeahas been developed and extended to farmers. The variety andtechnical package now being used by cotton farmers in eastern Senegal

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enables good yields to be obtained. Veterinary research hasdeveloped an effective program of disease control and appropriatevaccines ar- being produced. The population mapping program offisheries research has provided the base for improved management andexploitation of fish stocks. Forestry research has identifiedsuitable species for different agro-ecological areas. The farmingsystem research teams have, in their definition of the principalfarming systems and in their identification of the most importanttechnical constraints, provlded a strong foundation for effectiveresearch during the next phase of ISRA's development.

D. Lessons earned from the First Proiect

2.23 During the implementation of the First Project research still paidrelatively little attention to the linkage of research with extensions andresearch was not sufficiently oriented to meet farmers, needs. The SecondProject will address these issues. Also, during the first years ofimplementation, ISRA's liquidity was at times so low that funds were notavailable for research supplies and for research related operating cost. TheSecond Project will address this issue by creating a revolving fund coveringabout 6 months of eligible expenses. ISRA's personnel cost increaseddramatically between appraisal and 1985 because of insufficient control by the"Ministere de Tutelle" and by inadequate financial management. The financialmanagement has much improved since 1986 and the Second Project would ensure thatthe improvements achieved would be permanent by insisting on competent staffingand by making the submission of a detailed yearly budget and financing plan -to be approved by IDA - a condition of disbursement for the following year.

E. Current Issues

2.24 Following an agreement with the Bank (SAL II) and the Fund, theGovernment started in 1986 to reduce its budgetary allocation to all publicenterprises, including ISRA. The Bank has on several occasions called to theattention of the Government that the agreed budgetary reductions should applyonly to enterprises generating their own income and, therefore, not to ISRA.As a consequence of the Bank's interveation, the Government agreed to increaseISRA's 1988 and 1989 budget to the 1985 level of CFAF 1.45 billion. In January1990 the Government informed IDA that the same budget allocation to ISRA willbe maintained at least during the next two years. In order to insure adequateand continuous government financing of ISRA throughout the project implementationperiod it has been agreed during negotiations that the IDA's approval of ISRA'sannual work plan, budget and financing plan will be a condition of IDAdisbursements for the following year. In this way, Bank funding of researchprogram operating costs is leveraged on Government funding of non-incrementalcosts.

2.25 As a result of the 1985 in depth review of the First Project theGovernment agreed to a new "Ddcret Organique" for ISRA which would codify ISRA'snew organization and its functions and duties. Although the new organizationhas been implemented (para. 2.21 (iii)), the organizational decree has not beenofficially accepted and signed by Government. Signature of this decree wouldbe condition of effectiveness.

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2.26 ISRA's prevent budget covers salaries of ISRA's permanent staff anda minor part of operating costs. In 1985 ISRA revised the salaries of its staffin order to implement its "ROglement d'Ztablissement". An analysis of I RA'ssalaries prepared early in 1988 by the Commission de Verification des Compteset de Contr6le des Ztablissements Publics (CVCCZP) of the Supreme Court has foundthat this salaries revision and personnel reclassification was done arbitrarily,with some employees doubling their previous salaries and similar functions beingremunerated differently according to centers. According to the same analysis,should the "Riglement dEgtablilsement" be applied quitably and efficiently,ISRA's yearly salary cost would be reduced by between CFAF 200 to 300 million.Government agreed with the Association that a reclassification of ISRA'spersonnel im required but argued that it cannot be done in one definitive step.A solution is being - and will continue to be - found in a gradual, non-confrontational way by salary caps on existing staff, and application ofreclassified wage rates for new entries. Further progress will be closelymonitored during supervision of the proposed project, particularly through theannual disbursement condition for research program operating costs.

2.27 Improvement in ISRA's management and administration achieved underthe First Project are still fragile. An extended period of consolidation andfurther improvement in administration procedures is a condition of ISRA's soundmanagement and the effectiveness of its research activity. Employment of ahighly qualified and experienced secretary general, acceptable to the Associationwould be a condition of effectiveness.

F. Justification for a Second Research Proiect.

2.28 The first project supported the second phase of ISRA's (1982-1987)development. This has been characterized by rapid growth of the research networkand by structural reorganisation. This development has been supported by severaldonors, the most important being IDA, France and USAID. The number of Senegaleseresearch scientists has increased four-fold (from 30 to 110) in six years; theresearch stations and their laboratories have been comprehensively re-equipped;the regional coverage by the research service has been considerably expanded;and, a program of farming systems research has been started. Unfortunately, thespeed and extent of this redevelopment has over-extended the management capacityof ISRA and the capacity of the government to provide sufficient operationalfinance.

2.29 The second project, building on the strong infrastructural and humanresource base now in place, would assist government with the consolidation ofits research effort with emphasis on research programs expeuted to yield resultsin the short term. It would assist ISRA with its programming, management andfinancing of priority research programs, as identified within its recentlydrafted Master Plan (Plan Quinquennal 1989-1993), and would therefore make acritical contribution to the effective utilization of the capital invested duringthe first research project. The financial and environmental fragility of

Senegal's agricultural sector requires carefully focussed research if thecontribution of the agricultural sector to the economy is to he maintained. TheGovernment is unlikely to be able to support the costs of its agriculturalresearch without continued financial assistance from IDA and other donors.

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MII. TM PRJ3

A. ISRA'a Five-Year Research Proj=r

3.1 The challenge for ISRA is considerable. The combination of lack ofprogress in genoration of appropriate technologies, the increasingly precariousdomestic food situation given national and urban populatior growth, *coromicpres-ures on comaodity export markets and the gradual deterioration of thenatural environment make careful planning critical if the constrained nationalresources available for agricultural research are to be effectively used. TheGovernment's agricultural policy (Nouvelle Politiquo Agricole) is ambitious andsooks to combine increased agricultural production with social benefits andincreased protection of natural resources. To answer this challenge ISRA hasprepared a Research Strategy and Five-Year Research Program (Plan Quinquennal -PQ). The development of this Program hes enabled ISRA to define better itsoperational strategy and prioritize its research program according to variouscriteria. The PQ includes economic, social, institutional, organizational, andnational policy considerations together with the more basic objective oftechnology development. The initial plan, which attempted to respond to manyneeds, exceeded the limited management, scientific and financial resources ofISRA. in refining the program during the appraisal process, ISRA has prioritizedresearch to both the solution of the most critical technical problems nowencountered by farmers in the highest potential regions and has more closelyintegrated research programs on crops, livestock and forestry so as to betterensure a multidisciplinary approach to land management and agriculturalproduction. ISRA will also initiate a long-term program on natural resourcemanacement.

3.2 The PQ (Annex 1) includes 32 research programs within eight regions.These cover the major disciplines of crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries andhorticulture in addition to farming systems and natural resource managementresearch. These regional research programs would be supported by 13 nationalresearch programs, by central laboratory services, and by the Directorate ofISRA. The four pre-extension programs (including basic seed production, vaccineproduction and information services) would become, during the course of theproposed project, a self-financing Production Entity under the umbrella of ISRA.

3.3 Senegal's greatest potential for sustainable expansion of rainfedagriculture is in the Sudanian zone (Casamance, Eastern Senegal and the southernpart of the Groundnut Basin). Agricultural productivity can still be improvedin this zone through traditional technology development. The deterioratingecological conditions in the Sahelian zone (the Fleuve and the northern part ofthe groundnut basin) necessitate a different approach to technology innovationand resource management. The potential for increased crop production in theirrigated areas of the Fleuve and the Casamance is high; technology developmentwill include both the management of the irrigated lands (water, salinity andacidity) and intensification of production. At present, productivityimprovements in the irrigated areas of the Fleuve are constrained by socio-economic factors. The motivation for the cultivation of the irrigated parcelsis currently the acquisition of land rights rather than increased yields per se.However, 4.mproved technologies will be increasinglv utilized as the availdbilityof irrigated land becowes a constraint. It is therefore necessary now for ISRA

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to start to develop appropriate technologies for intensification of production.

3.4 The PQ includes: (a) applied research on the research stations andon the experimental sites (PAPEMs) implemented by ISRA research staff; (b)adaptive research on the PAPZMs and in farmers' fields implemented by researchand extension staff with the participation of farmers; and (c) on-farm testingcarried out by farmers with the assistance of extension and res-arct personnel.This programe will be jointly managed with extension personnel operating withinthe development agencies and would interphasu with the proposed AgriculturalServices project.

3.5 The total cost of the PQ has been estimated at CFAF 19.65 billion(US$ 63.4 million) before ISRA's salary structure revision (para. 2.26). Thecost of the PQ would be reduced to CFAF 18.15 billion (USS 58.5 million) afterthe revision is implemented. A significant part of the Senegal's researchactivities have traditionally been financed by external donors, originallylargely by French bi-lataral assistance and more recently by USAID, IDA and anumber of other donors of lesser importance (para. 2.15 - 2.16). However, theGovernment's contribution has been, over the years, far from insignificant andrepresented over the last three years between CFAF 1,2 to 1,6 Billion, or 0.6% -0.8% of the primary sector GDP. Because of the serious financial situation ofSenegal a substantial increase of Govtarnment financing during the five-yearperiod is unlikely, hence the need for outside assistance. It has been agreedby Government that its contribution towards ISRA's expenses will finance thetotal of personnel expenses of the Senegalese permanent staff of ISRA plusutilities and taxes, and ISRA's non incremental recurrent operating costs. TheFrench financing expected to amount to about CFAF 2.0 Billion (excludingTechnical Assistance) will cover selected research programs in forestry andvegetable crops. USAID project 'Strengthening Agricultural Research' (USS 18.5Million over eight years) will contribute to the financing of PQ by about CFAF220 Million. Other international, bilateral and national research contractsspecifically earmarked for certain research programs included in the PQ willcontribute CFAF 1.8 Billion equivalent to the financing of the PQ. ISRA's ownincome from the sale of vaccines and seeds is expected to amount over tne periodto CFAF 1.5 Billion. IDA credit of US$ 18.5 Million would contribute US$ 15.3Million to the funding of the PQ. The summary financing plan of the PQ is inAnnex 1.

B. Research Priorities

3.6 The Government's agricultural policy is to cover 80% of domesticcereal needs by the year 2000. At present, approximately 75% of farm incomesare derived from sorghum/millet and groundnuts and only 6% from rice. Thegreatest potential for realising technological advances in cereal production isthrough the development of irrigated production of rice and maize. The marketpotential for surpluses of these crops is good. However, it is also importantto consider th" relative numbers of potential beneficiaries and the probableeconomics of production.

3.7 The PQ allocates slightly less financial weight (1.1.4) to therice/maize program as to that for the more traditional annual crops(sorghum/millet and groundnuts). Senegal, assisted by the donor community, is

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currently investing heavily in thi development of irrigation in the rleuveregion. Realization of an economic return on this investment will depend on thedevelopment of appropriate technologies by research. On the other hand, thedevelopment of technical recomendations (including the use of fertilizer) thatwill sustain and then improve productivity in the Groundnut Bain, a region ofgenerally low soil fertility and low rainfall but dense population, will alsorequire much investment in research albeit that a high rate of return cannot beexpected. The challenge for ISRA will lie in the definition and implementationof *ffectivo programmes in both areas and although invpstment may not becongruent with expected rate of return, other demographic and socialconsiderations make the planned investment justifiable.

3.8 Senegal has already vecured financial support for irrigated maizeresearch (through CIRAD) and for irrigated rice research in the Fleuve (throughthe cofinanced Irrigation IV project). Irrigated rice research would also bestrengthened by the permanent WARDA team located at Saint Louis (Fleuve). Theproposed project would support rainfed millet, sorghum, groundnut, maize andcowpea research in the Groundnut Basin and also natural resource managementresearch in these heavily populated and cropped zones. France would continueto provide major financial assistance for the large groundnut research programme.

3.9 In 1988, it is probable that agriculture will contribute 52% to theprimary sector GDP, livestock 32%, fisheries 11% and forestry 5%. The allocationof resources within the PQ is not congruent with this since the budget allocatedfor fisheries research is twice that for livestock. While the financialallocation for forestry research in the Plan matches that of its financialcontribution to the primary sector GDP, the importance of trees as a source ofanimal feed and for protectioni of crops and the environment make the sub-sectormore important than timber production statistics would indicate. The proposedproject would ensure that the forestry research programme was fully funded. Thiswould be further strengthened by the proposed natural resources managementresearch programme. Fisheries research is already supported by other donors andthe pronosed project would not support this sub-sector. Financial support wouldbe provided for livestock research and more effort would be invested in foddercrop production and pasture production rather than in species identificationwhich has previously been the pasture sub-sector priority. Pasture grasses andleguminous trees would also be tested within the national resources managementresearch program. This would include selected veterinary rrograms and animalproduction research within coordinated programs involving crops, livestock andforestry research.

C. Plannina and Nanaaement of Research

3.10 In 1988, ISRA developed the strategy for national agriculturalresearch within their PQ (para. 3.1). This plan has been framed by nationalagricultural policy as enunciated by government in the NPA. The latter includessocial and environmental objectives in addition to the more fundamental economicgoal of increased agricultural production. The PQ formulated by ISRA managementand agreed to by Government, has prioritized research by sub-sector and by regionand has identified the manpower and financial resources required. Current USAIDfinancial support is assisting with the planning of human resources for researchand the proposed project would extend ISNAR's aasistance to further development

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of research prioritization (para. 3.28). Tho PQ also details the organLiationof research management, *upport aerviess and monitoring and evaluation. UNIVAL,an ISRA support service, is responsible for the dissemlnation of research resultsto the farming public through appropriate publications (para. 3.30).

3.11 Detailed regional programs have been formulated for five years andreflect both the comparative potontial and difficulties of the differentecological zones. Each regional documnt includes a series of proposed researchpro.irams, supported by their resource requlremntz (manpower and finance),designed to answer the most urgent technical d^-ands of that region. Theseprograms have been developed by the Directors of Research working with thecommodity coordinators (para. 4.6). They would be revised *ach year to reflectboth past results and new technical needs, and would be agreed with the extensionservices at the annual National Technical Comittee meeting (para. 4.8).

3.12 Individual scientists plan their own research programs to answertechnical questions specified in the regional programs. These are then reviewedby the program coordinators and modified to fit the resources available. Theseprograms are then subjoct to further review and control by the respectivedirectors of research before being submitted to ISRA management and the nationalTechnical Conmittee. The process of reporting on results follows the same pathwith individual scientists responsiile for reporting annually to their programcoordinators, who then collate the program report. Program coordinators areresponsible for ensuring that supporting information for new technicalrecommendations is provided in an appropriate format for use by the extensionservice. The development of technical committees at both national and regionallevel (p4ra. 4.9), as proposed under this project and under that planned foragricultural extension, would assist with both an appropriate orientation ofresearch to priority field problems and with rapid dissemination of newtechnology.

D. Proiect Area

3.13 Senegal is a country with great variations in climate, populationdensity and agricultural farming systems (see Map IBRD No. 21318). Mean monthlytemperatures range from 18 C to 31 C. The mean annual rainfall is extremelyvariable, and with the exception of the Casamance where it may last for fivemonths, is concentraced in the three-month period of July, August and September.Annual precipitation varies between 200mm in the north of Senegal and 1200mm inthe south, but the increasing dryness and unreliability of rainfall during thelast 10 years has increased the stress on both crops and lives#.ock. The countrycan be divided into six principal agro-ecological zones: the Senegal RiverValley, the Sahelian region, tne North Coast and Cap Vert region, the Centralregion, the Eastern region and the Casamance. The salient characteristics ofthe different zones are summarized in Annex 3.

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B. Proiect Obiectles a nd Sumarv DescriutLon

3.14 The Flve-Year Research Program developed by ISRA and approved bythe Government reflects a rlgorous analyals of geographlcal and thematicpriorities and the proposed Project would support thli Program and contributeto its financlng. A rlgorous annual revliw of priorities and a program ofparticipatlve adaptive research, in conjunction wlth the development agenciesand farmers, would be implemented under the proposed project. The researchprogram would, through both the establishment of a special research program onNatural Resources Manag eme nt (Annex 7) and a closer integration of r-aearch oncrops, livestock and agro-forestry, contribute to the protection of theenvironment and to the improvement of soll fertility. Farming systems would bedeveloped for each major agro-ecological zone. Increased mphasli on researchand development would hasten the adaptation of technlcal advane-s made duringthe first project to the needs of the farming community. Regional researchprogrims would be strengthened in zones of greatest agricultural importance.Adequate operating funds would be provided under this project and under theproposed extension project for programs of off-station research. Researchplanning and programming would be framed by the Nouvelle Politique Agricole (NPA)and by the technical problems confronting farmers and the environment.

3.15 The main features of the project, involving investments andintitLutional development, would be as follows:

(i) financial support to ISRA for implementation of selected researchprograms of the PQ;

(ii) strengthening of administrative and financial management of ISRA;

(iii) adaptive research involving the testing, within the farmingenvironment, of the technologies developed during the fLrat project;

(iv) applied research targeted at major technical problems in the priorityagricultural zones;

(v) development of an applied research program of natural resourcesmanagement;

(vi) strengthening of the linkages between research, extension,development agencies and the farming community;

(vii) training in research planning and programming for ISRA managementand research staff;

(viii) provision of financLal support for ISRA's research support servicesand for establishment of a commercial production company to managerevenue-earning activities;

(ix) establishment of an unallocated Research Reserve Fund to enableurgent research work not identified at this time to be financedwithout delay.

P. Detailed Features

3.16 Financial Suvoort to ISRA To enable ISRA to execute its PQ thecredit woald finance:

(a) the cost (other than salaries of permanent staff) of priorityresearch programs included in the PQ and not financed or onlypartially financed by Governennt and other donors (Annex II).Financing would cover (i) equipment and vehicles nec-eary for theexecution of the programs, (ii) indemnities and occasional labor and(iii) inputs and related costs;

(b) the cost of a Natural Resources Management Program to be set up andexecuted by ISRA under the project;

(C) a Research Reserve Fund for urgent research programs not presentlyidentified;

(d) Investments (minor civil works, vehicles, scientific and laboratoryequipment and computer equipment) necessary for efficient operationsof ISRA's scientific and administrative management and of ISRA'sresearch stations;

({) New headquarters for ISRA in Dakar. Present facilities (rented) areentirely inadequate, ISRA's management and scientific directors aredispersed in several buildings over the town, communications b4itweenthe Department directors is difficult and slow and physicalfacilities are entirely inadequate. Financing of ISRA's headquartershas been agreed under the First Project and detailed plans includingbill of quantities have been prepared. Execution has been postponedto the Second Project because of time constraints.

(f) Technical assistance to ISRA's administration (para. 3.17 below),audit of ISRA's accounts, local training, assistance to ResearchPlanning and Programming and travel expenses and per diem for fourmembers of the Scientific and Technical Committee.

3.17 Strengthening of Administrative and Financial Management of ISRA.ISRA'a administration, accounts and financial management has much improved duringthe implementation of the First Project. These improvements were achieved bytechnical assistance and an extended period of consolidation of theseachievements is required to ensure their perennity. The project would providetechnical assistance on a periodical basis geared at (i) assisting the accountingdepartment in implementing the newly introduced procedures, (ii) improvinginternal controls, (iii) introducing and supervising cost accounting andbudgetary control, and (iv) training of staff to improve their skills in theirrespective fields of activity.

3.18 Adaptive Research. Farming systems research during the first phasehas defined the principal farming systems in the Casamance, the Senegal RiverValley and the southern part of the groundnut basin (Sine-Saloum). This program

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has also identified the principal technical constraints and concerns of farmers.During the proposed project, a vigorous program of adaptive te'sarch wouldrespond to these problems, utilizing the material and technologies alreadydeveloped by applied research. Although both Systems and 1hematic researchpersonnel would be involved, the regional Systems coordinator would direct theadaptive research program for that region. Participation of research staff, theextension stdZf of the development agencies and the farming comunity (paras.3.26 and 4.9 - 4.12) would be as followas (i) tria's on the PAPEMs and infarmers fields implemented by research staff with the involvement of extensionstaff and farmers during the planning and evaluation stages; and, (ii) on-farmtesting carried out by farmers with the support of extension personnel and withassistance from research during planning and evaluation. The Systems researchteams would also continue to carry out appropriate diagnostic surveys. To assurean improved integration of the adaptive research program into the nationalresearch program, ISRA would arrange for the rotation of some scientists (on a3 to 4 year basis) between the applied and adaptive research teams.

3.19 Applied Research - Senegal River Vall. Agricultural productionand increa&ed productivity is constrained by wide annual variations in the extentof the river flood; by increasing salinity in the delta; by drying winds andunreliable rainfall patterns; and by generally low soil fertility. Alsoimportant are socio-econontic factors that currently limit both the farmer demandfor yield-Lncreaeing technologies and the economics of high input/outputagriculture. Since the greatest potential for productivity improvementa incereal production is irrigated farming systems, the principal focus for researchwould be irrigated rice and maize, particularly techniques effective for the coolseason. The research program would develop profitable (unsubsidized)technologies for both single and double cropping under irrigation as well as forflood recession areas. Researchers would study land management techniques forthe three distinct soil types of the region, and for the saline soils of thedelta; would determine optimum water use patterns for irrigated crops; and wouldinvestigate the potential for diversification of cropping in the cool season(e.g. wheat and vegetables). Livestock and agro-forestry specialists, withinthe multidisciplinary regional systems team, would work with the crop scientistson farm management, developing the optimum combination of enterprises for bothproductivity and protection of natural resources. The proposed project wouldsupport the water and soil management and agro-forestry program in the Fleuve,a program that will, inter alia, refine fertilizer and water use recommendationsfor the different crops and soils and improve the management of the environment.

3.20 Applied Research - Casamance. Agricultural potential has steadilydiminished during the past 10 years. In the estuary, this has principally beendue to increasing dryness which has accelerated the development of soil salinity,acidity and toxic levels of iron and aluminium. In the upland areas, the reasonhas been the reduction in soil fertility following shortening of fallow periodsunder population pressure. The region has now become an importer of basicfoodstuffs. A multidisciplinary research team would continue with both thematicand systems research, priority being accorded to water and soil management andto intensification of rice production. The systems team would continue to workclosely with development agencies and farmers on the testing and adaptation oftechnologies for both the irrigated and dryland areas. Initial experimentationwitn water control and the use of compost and phospho-gyp (by-product of

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manufacture of phosphatic fertilizers from natural phosphate) ham shown promisefor the control of increasing salinity and iron and aluminium toxicity in thee*tuary. Tho rice program would continuo to develop varieties and technologiesthat were appropriate for the different rice production systems used in the BassoCasamance. Attempts would be made to develop sustainable cropping syatems forrainfed crops (particularly groundnuts, maize, rice, sorghum and millet) thatwould arrest the steady deterioration in yields. This would require thedevelopmnt of restorative cropping rotations. A small horticultural programwould support the increasing farmer interest in the production of fruit and coolseason vegetables. The proposed project would support the soil and watermanagement, farming systems and rice research programs, thus complementingfinancial support already secured for other components of the regional researchprogram.

3.21 Avvlied Research - Eastern Reaion and Upper Casamance. This regionis still less densely populated and farmed than the other agricultural regions.However, continuous cropping in some areas has already caused soil exhaustion.The priority for applied research would therefore be the development ofintegrated farming systems that would optimize farm output and enhance soilfertility. The cotton research program wouJ.d include variety improvement,fertllizer (organic and inorganic), husbandry (especially weeding) and pestcontrol (chemical and biological) trials. Reeearch on other annual field crops(maize, groundnuts, millet etc.) would be strengthened. In addition to continuedanimal traction research, the livestock program would include research on theuse of crop by-products in livestock feed. Forestry species would be evaluatedfor their utility for forest products and also for livestock feeding andrestoration of soil fertility. The proposed project would support the cottonand crop diversification, livestock, agroforestry and systems research programs.

3 2k Applied Research - Sine-Saloum. Existing technologies have not beensufficient to enable agriculture to even maintain its productivity in the faceof mounting human and livestock numbers and financial pressures. The systemsresearch team working in Sine-Saloum during the first project has defined theprincipal farmina systems and agricultural problems of the major agro-ecologicalzones. Shorter cycle varieties of the main crops (millet and groundnuts) havealso been selected. The principal priority for applied research during the PQwould be the development of financially viable technologies for integratedfarming systems that would in the short-term arrest the decline (includingcontrol of erosion) and in the long-term would restore soil fertility. Thegroundnut research team would continue with its development of high yieldingcultivare resistant to Asperaillus flavus (aflatoxin), and to the control ofaflatoxin in small-scale oil processing plants. Ths proposed project wouldsupp.-t the maize and sorghum, agroforestry, grain storage, aflatoxin control,soil fertility and systems research programs.

3.23 Applied Research - The Sylvo-Pastorale Zone. Steady degradation ofthe environment, combined with social and economic pressures, necessitate a broadmultidisciplinary systems research approach. A small research team wouldcontinue to study the agro-sylvo-pastoral production systems and identify theprincipal technical constraints. A multidisciplinary team would address rangeand vegetation management, animal nutrition and production together with thepreservation and rehabilitation of renewable natural resources. Research on the

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integration of livestock into crop production systems would contribute to theoptimization of farm output and the maintenance of soil fertility. The selectionprograms of the Zebu Gobra cattle and Peulh-Peulh sheep would continue, but withincreased participation of the farmers themselves. The program would becomeself-supporting through the sale of breeding animals. The proposed project wouldsupport the multidisciplinary systems research program, involving initial studiesand inventories followed by farming systems development.

3.24 Natural Resources Manaaement Research Prora (Annex 7) The agro-ecological environment of Senegal is generally unfavorable, and its furthergradual deterioration is steadily increasing the pressures on the agriculturalsector. The increasing demographic pressure, the fragility and diminishingorganic matter content of the soils and the uncertainty of the climate combineto pose a real threat to the long-term viability of the existing productionsystems. Increasing areas of agricultural land are becoming too exhausted toproduce acceptable crop yields and erosion is further reducing the land availablefor cultivation. Also, some parts of the research stations which have beenextensively cropped over several years, are now showing extreme soil exhaustionand, in some cases, erosion has become a serious problem. Increasing soilsalinity, acidity and toxicity of iron and aluminium are now serious prozlemson some of the irrigated research parcels at Djibelor (Lower Casamance) andsimilar problems have already significantly diminished the area available forirrigated cropping. Such areas on the research stations Iprovide an advancewarning of the widespread soil exhaustion and erosion, which in the absence cfimproved management of production systems, will occur more generally in the ruralareas.

3.25 An applied research prog-am of ratural resources management (basedon both the research stations and on appropriate village land) would beundertaken in the principal agricultural zones. The program would developfarming systems for the major agro-ecological zones that would restore andsustain soil fertility, control erosion and stabilize output on a sustainablebasis. The proposed project would provide finance for the first phase of thisprogram covering research support staff, vehicles, equipment and operatingexpenses.

3.26 Fertilizer research and recommendations. ISRA has developedfertilizer recommendations (Annex 5) for the principal rainfed annual crops,major agricultural regions and for different levels of inteoosification (technicalcapacity, resources and interest of individual farmers). ISRA considers thatthese recommendations are profitable (at current prices) for farmers wr, follotechnical recommendations and provided the annual rainfall is at least 400 mm.However, because of their development on research stations under good management,there are doubts about the validity of the recommendations for smallholderfarmers, particularly given the unreliability of the climate. Cropintensification of rainfed crops will necessitate increased fertilizer use butthis involves a considerable financial risk for the farmer and it is criticalthat recommendations are correctly established and continuously verified andupdated. Since 1982, insufficient manpower and finance has so constrained thefertilizer research program that it is now almost entirely restricted to theresearch stations. It is important that Senegal now begins to implement abroader and deeper national fertilizer program, located principally in farmers

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fields. Supporting work on the research stations must regularly update the yieldresponse curves for new varieties and climatic conditions. Recommendat._ons needto be kept appropriate for climatic, soil and price changes. The proposedproject would provide financial support for fertilizer experimentation, botnwithin the long-term natural resources management and regional research programs.The planned agricultural extension project would contribute towards the financialcost of the on-farm fertilizer research program and the trials would beimplemented by the farmers themselves with technical support from extension andresearch staff.

3.27 Research - Extension linkages would be strengthened through improvedcoordination between ISRA and the agencies responsible for extension in theplanning and management of adaptive research programs; and also by the jointimplementation and ex-post evaluation of these programs by research and extensionstaff. Strengthening of the coordination between reseaLch and extension wouldbe promoted through (a) the setting-up of joint extension/research technicalcommittees at the national and regional level; (b) closer collaboration in theidentification, implementation and ex-post evaluation of applied and adaptiveresearch activities; and ic) the definition and imple-nentation of trainingprograms organized by reaeazch fcr extension staff (for details see chapter 4para. 4.9 through para. 4.12)

3.28 Research Planning ad Programmi The Project would assist ISRAthrough the provizion of short-term technical assistance and short trainingcourses led by ISNAR, to strengthen their planning and programming of research.This training would be made available to ISRA management including Departmentalheads and also to senior research staff working in the regional researchstations. The training would be centered on the setting of research priorities;distribution of research between on-station applied and on-farm adaptiveexperimentation; and, allocation of human and financial resources. IDAassistance would complement that already being provided by USAID, making itpossible to extend the program beyond national planning and programming to theregional level.

3.29 Research Support Services (Annex 8). The wide range of servicessupporting the research activities of ISRA include veterinary laboratoryservices; soil, plant and leaf analysis; microbiology laboratory services; bio-technology; agro-climatology services; information and documentation services;basic seed for selected crop varieties and fruit tree production; appliedeconomics (food, marketing and livestock); and, data processing and statistics.At present, many of these services are revenue-earning. During the proposedproject, IDA would assist ISRA with the establishment of a commercial productioncompany to manage these revenue-eerning sections. The proposed project wouldalso provide financial support for the veterinary laborntory services, for agro-climatology, for evaluation of forest genetic resources and establishment of seedproduction, for applied economics and for the central soil/plant laboratory atBambey Central Research Station; and, would continue to support basic seedproduction of improved crop varieties until this became self-financing.Assurances were obtained at negotiations that ISRA prepare by January 1,1991 forIDA's review and approval a proposal and action plan to be implemented startingJanuary 1, 1992 for establishment of an independent commercial production companyto manage its revenue earning activities.

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3.30 Tho information and documentation service (UNIVAL) is responsiblefor tho publication, in appropriate formats and languagoe for differentaudiences, of the results and recommendations of research. It also provideslibrary services to ISRA research staff. The proposed project would providefinancial support for extension of UNIVAL's facilities to better s*rvice thedifferent audiences and regions. This would include the purchase of computerswith publishing software, transport and funds for printing.

3.31 Research Fund. An unallocated Research Fund of $1.0 million wouldbe provided under the proposed project to enable priority research activities,not currently foreseen under the PQ, to be financed. This could be a new program(perhaps investigating the potential for a newly introduced crop in differentagro-ecological areas) or complementary to an existing research program (e.g.a component of soil and water research in the Casamance that might requirespecial equipment etc.). The availability of such an unallocated fund wouldenable urgent research to be undertaken expeditiously and could be used to expandthe work of active and effective research teams. The relevant departmentaldirector and apprcpriate research officers, would be responsible for preparingthe sub-project request for presentation to ISRA's Scientific and TechnicalCommittee, before onward transmission to IDA for review and approval.

3.32 Trairina and '"echnical Assistance. ISRA is being assisted by ISNARover an: 18-month period to: (i) formulate well conceived and realistic policiesand operat_onal procedures in the areas of recruitment, staff development,performance appraisal, grade and reward structures and personnel utilization,and (ii) help ISRA management implement these new policies and procedures inan effective and expeditious manner. The ISNAR study is expected to provideguidelines for ISRA's human resource development and training needs. The Creditwould finance training in Senegal. Overseas training would be financed by thebi-lateral donors (USAiD, FL.ancc). Technical assistance in the field of researchis and will be provided and financed by the bi-lateral donors and French andinternational research institutes traditionally assisting ISRA. TechnicalAssistance to ISRA's administration and financial management (see para. 3.16above) would be financed from the proceeds of the Credit.

G. Anticipated Research Results durina the Proiect.

3.33 It can be expected, given progress with certain research programsand the ability of the Senegalese scientists involved that significant technicalprogress will he achieved during the fivo-year project period within thefollowing research programs:

(a) Improved rice productivity within the 4 different rice-growingsystems in the Casamance; involving reclamation of mangrove riceareas now being lost through calination and toxicities of iron andaluminium, and improvement of appropriate rice varieties for thedifferent rice systsms;

(b) Development of appropriate varieties and husbandry techniques forcool season cropping under irrigation in the fleuve;

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(C) Development of improved farming systems for cotton and food cropsin Bastern Senegal involving optimism rotations and Lertilizerpractices;

(d) Developo-nt of relatively low-cost systems for controlling erosionin the cropplng areas of the Sine-Saloum involving principally theselection of offective vegetative barrier plants (grasses and tr-es)Iand,

(-) More effective livestock race improvement and livestock managementthrough the village-based livestock research program beingimplemented from Kolda.

R. Proiect Contn and Financina

3.34 Project Cost. The total base project cost, defined as the cost ofthe selected research programs financed by IDA and the Government and the costsof components discussed in para. 3.16, has been estimated at CFAP 10.1 Billion(US$ 32.5 Million). Base cost estimates reflect mid-1988 prices. Cost excludesdirect taxes and import duties since GOS has Indicated that these, although notwalved, would not be disbursed by ISPA but paid directly by Government. Physicalcontingencies amounting to USS 0.6 million are estimated to be 10% on all capitalcosts and their total amounts to 2% of base cost. Price contingencies amountingto US$ 5.7 Million representing 18% of base cost and 15% of total cost are basedon forecasts of international inflation for foreign supplied goods, and onestimated annual inflation in Senegal for local costs, and on an implementationperiod of 5 years (see para. 3.45). They have been calculated at the followingannual percentage rates:

Year Foreign Cost Local Cost

1989-90 Z.3% 5%1991-96 4.1% 5%

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Zstimated Coeta and Financno Plan

Estimated Cost* a/ Local Forsion Total----------USS million---------

Civil works 0.80 1.09 1.89Equipment 0.30 2.68 2.98Vehicles 0.12 1.08 1.20operating Cost Research 14.90 2.53 17.43Operating Coat Administration 6.21 0.88 7.09Consultants, Audit, Training 0.76 0.17 0.93Reserve Research Fund 0.10 0.90 1.00

Base Cost 23.19 9.33 32.52

Physical Contingencies 0.12 0.49 0.61Price Contingencies 4.31 1.43 5.74

Total Pro4ect Cost 27.62 11.25 38.87

a! Exclusive of taxes and duties.

3.35 Prolect Financing. The credit would finance selected investmentsincluding new headquarters for ISRA in Dakar, vehicles and equipment, part ofoperating costs of priority research programs, part of the newly identifiednatural research programs, a Research Reserve Fund, Technical Assistance toISRA's administration, local training, assisnance to Research Planning andProgramm.ng and travel expenses and per diem for four members of the Scientificand Technical Committee. The Government would finance salaries of ISRA'spermanent staff and recurrent expenses of ISRA's administration and ISRA'sresearch centers and research stations. The financing plan is summarized below:

Financing Plan Local Foreign Total-------- …(US$ million)--------

Governmeat 19.5 0.9 20.4

IDA 8.1 10.4 18.5

Total 27.6 11.3 38.9

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3.36 Tho financing of ISRA's rosearch programs will be subject to thefollowing conditions. (i) Any incroase in roesar_h and administrative staffwould havo to be justified by the Manpower Devolopment study (presently underpreparation) and funding of any new position would havo to be provided by theGovernrent budget; (ii) ISRA would not incroase the number of its agreed-uponrosearch programs included in tho Five-Year Rosearch Plan unl-e completofinancing of such an additional program is assured, execution of such programdoes not requiro additional staff and such program in deemed to bo of highpriority. Assurances to this effect were obtained at negotiations.

3.37 Revolvini Fund for ISRA In view of ISRA's limited capacity t-prefinance its operating expenditures to be re-imbursed under the IDA credit arevolving fund will be established immediately after credit effectiveness. Theamount of the initial fund will be US$ 1.0 million equivalent, representingabout 50% of ISRA's first project year's expenses eligible for IDA reimbursement.IDA will replenish the fund upon receipt of satisfactory proof of incurredexpenditure and evidence that such expenditures were eligible for financing outof the revolving fund.

I. Procuremnt

3.38 Procurement arrangements are summarized in the Procurement Methodand Disbursements Table (Annex 10).

3.39 Cavil works to be financed for approximately US$ 2.3 Millionequivalent would be procured on the basis competitive bidding advertised locally,in accordance with procedures satisfactory to IDA which would include advertisingin local papers, public bid opening, clarity of evaluation criteria, award tothe lowest evaluated bidder and foreign bidders would not be precluded fromparticipating. The dispersion over the country of civil works funded under theProject and the presence of well-equipped and competitive local contractors makeit unlikely that the works would attract foreign contractors not alreadyestablished in Senegal.

3.40 Goods. Goods estimated to cost US$ 100.000 or more would beprocured under ICE procedures in accordance with Bank guidelines. Inputs andequipment to be financed under ICB would be grouped to the extent possible inpackages of at least US$ 100,000 equivalent. Packages of less than US$ 100,000totalling US$ 2.7 M would be awarded on the basis of competitive biddingadvertised locally in accordance with procedures satisfactory to the Association.Contracts for goods estimated to cost less than US$ 30,000 aggregating to USS600,000 may be procured on the basis of price quotations of at least threesuppliers.

3.41 Two Consultants with qualifications and experience acceptable toIDA would be recruited following IDA procedures.

3.42 Contract Review. Bidding documents for contracts estimated to costUS$ 100,000 or more would be subject to review prior to tendering andrecommendations for contract awards would be submitted to IDA for comments priorto award.

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J. D&ebursemeta

3.43 The IDA credit would be disbursed over 5 years an follows.

Disbursoments of IDA Credit

Amount of ZstimatedCateaorv USS.oo0 SDR.000 Percentaoe

1 Civil Works 2,100 1,600 1002 Equipment 3,170 2,300 1003 Vehicles 1,300 1,000 1004 Consulting Services, Audit, Training 830 645 1005 Research Program Operating Costs 7,350 5,585 100

(excluding salaries)6 Research Reserve Fund 1,000 800 1007 Refunding of PPF Advance 800 6008 Unal located 1,950 1,470

18,500 14,000

3.44 Disbursements for occasional labor and recurrent operating costsunder (e) above, local training and all contracts valued at less than US$ 20,000would be made against statements of expenditure (SOE) certified by the Directorof ISRA and ISRA's management controller. Relevant documentation would beretained by ISRA and would be available for inspection by IDA and by theauditors. Disbursement under all other categories would be made after receiptof full documentation.

3.45 The Project will contribute to the financing of ISRA's PQ and theSchedule of estimated disbursements (Annex 11) is therefore based on the 5-yearperiod (and not on a disbursement profile). The amounts of the credit notdisbursed or committed by the credit closing date would be cancelled.

R. Rnvironmental Impact

3.46 The agro-ecological environment of Senegal is comparativelyunfavorable and in most regions crops, livestock and trees are subject to stress.Unreliable rainfall distribution and the increasing frequency of drough' .s isadding to the difficulties of tho agricultural sector. In addition, expandinghuman and animal populations are steadily increasing the pressures on the fragilenatural resources. Financial pressures on the agricultural sector demand thedevelopment of low input restorative farming systems with optimization ofproductivity at relatively low levels of purchased inputs.

3.47 Tha proposed project would enable ISRA to intensify its researchon the developAent of integrated farming systems (crops, livestock and forestry)

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and so improve Senegal's potential for sustainable production and productivityin its unfavorable environment. A special natural resources research programwould be implemented under the project (para. 3.23 - 3.24 and Annex 7). Farmingsystems programs would be strengthened in the most important agricultural zones;varieties would continue to be developed that were resistant to pests anddiseases and tolerant to environmental stresses such as drought, salinity andiron toxicity. Varieties and plant associations that would be able to exploitthe limited soil resources through better root systems or through associationwith mycorrhiza or nitrogen-fixing legumes would be developed. The nutritivevalue of crop residues and recycling of animal wastes would be exploitad throughthe farming systems research program.

3.48 Much potential rice land in the Basse Casamance has had to beabandoned because of increasing soil salinity, acidity and iron and aluminumtoxicity. The proposed program would assist with reclamation of this landthrough intensification of the regional water and soil management researcl.program. Early progress has been encouraging; water control with barrages haslimited the aevelopment of salinity in irrigated rice parcels and the use ofcompost and phospho-gyp has reduced iron and aluminum toxicities. Regularchemical spraying now controls cotton pests; support would be provided under thfproject for extension of the currently small program on integrated pestmanagement (IPM) and for initiation of a program on pest scouting in cotton.

3.49 it is thus articipated that the proposed project would beenvironmentally positive, contributing to the restoration of soil cover andfertility, arresting further decline of natural resources and minimizing the useof toxic agricultural chemicals.

IV. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

A. Organization and Management

4.1 The overall responsibility for natural resources reaearch isentrusted to an inter-ministerial committee (CIM), which is advised by a nationalcommittee of agricultural research (CNRA) consisting of representatives of fiveministries (Planning, Higher Education, Rural Development, Livestock and Water& Forestry). The CIM has delegated the direction of national agriculturalresearch (ISRA) to the Ministry of Rura' Development (MDR), to whom the Director-General of ISRA is responsible. A Consultative Group representing donors (GCBF)meets once a year and provides scientific and financial advice to government andISRA (Chart C-1).

4.2 A Scientific and Technical Committee composed of prominent nationaland international scientists meets also once a year to review research results,to discuss research priorities and to provide scientific advice to ISRA's Boardof Directors and to ISRA's management. In the past IDA provided financing fortravel expenses and per diem for four members of the committee. Under theProject the composition of the Committee would be reviewed in order to ensurethat its members are not only fully qualified but that they also are able andwilling to perform their advisory task and to participate in the yearly meetings.The Project would continue to finance the travel expenses and per diem of fourselected members of the committee and, in addition, would encourage them to pay

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visits to the research teams in the fi-ld and to work with them in theirspecialities for short periods.

4.3 The Director-General would be responsible to the Board of Directorsfor the orientation of the management of the Institute, including policyadministration and finance. The Ca would in turn be advised on the majorscientific orientation of ISRA, as well as on the development of the institutionand on external scientific linkages by the Scientific Committee. The DirectorGeneral would supervise (i) the Deputy Director General; to whom he woulddelegate the direction of the sctoral scientific research programs;(ii) the Secretary General7 (iii) The Management controllort and (iv) the ACP.He would also have scientific responsibility for the long-term Natural ResourcesManagement Research Program. Under the project, he would delegate the overalldirection of the sectoral scientific research programs to the Deputy Director-General.

4.4 The Deputy-Director-General would be responsible for the managementof two central units: (a) Programming, Training and Monitoring & Evaluation, and(b) Information and Documentation Service (publications and library service).He would also be responvIble for the overall direction of the scientific researchprogram, although he would delegate detailed management to five departmentalheads; (a) Farming Systems Research and Agricultural Economics, (b) CropProduction, (c) Animal Health and Production, (d) Oceanographic (fisheries), and(e) Forestry.

4.5 The crop research centers at Bambey and Kaolack (groundnut basin),St. Louis (Fleuve), Djibelor (Basse Casamance) and Tambacounda (Eastern Senegal)together with the Horticultural Research Center (Niayes) would be managed byCenter Chiefs under the joint direction of the Directors of Crop Production andFarming Systems. The national veterinary laboratory and the livestock researchcenters at Dahra (Sylvo-Pastoral Zone) and Kolda (Casamance) would be managedby Center Chiefs under the direction of the Director of Animal Production. Thedirectors of Fisheries and Forestry would be responsible for management of theirscientific research programs, both in the laboratory and in the field (orocean/rivers). The Director of Forestry Research would also have directresponsibility for the Natural Resources Management Research Program. In hismanagement of this program he would seek the collaboration of the Department ofSoil Conservation and Reforestation in the Ministry of Environmental Protection.

4.6 Each sub-sectoral program (for the different commodities) would beimplemented by a team of research specialists coordinated by an experiencedscientist. The regional Systems Research programs would be staffed byappropriate specialists under the coordination of one of the regional systemsscientists. A regional coordinator (a senior scientist from the Systems researchteam) would be responsible for the direction of the regional adaptive researchprogram and for liaison with both the development agencies and the farmingcommunity. Scientists from both the thematic and the systems research teamswould work within the adaptive research program.

4.7 ISRA would review its organization and its research programs eachyear and would submit to the Association by the end of October of each year adetailed work plan, budget and financing plan for the next fiscal year. Approval

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by IDA of the three documents would be a condition of disbursements for researchprogram operating costs for the following year.

4.8 Research Proarammlna and Coordination. Each commodity coordinatorwould be responsible for assembling his annual commodity program based on workprograms submitted by the commodity specialists. These would be reviewed by therelevant Directors and modified to rvtch the human and financial resourcesvailable. The Directors would then p.asent their annual research programs, pastresults and proqram budget to the National Technical Coumittae. The Center Chiefwould be responstble for the administration of the regional research center andfor coordination of t'io regional work program.

3. Research - Extenaion Linkaae

4.9 Technical Cotmmlttees. Research programs (plans and results) wouldbe discussed and reviewed by a national Technical Committee (para. 3.27) duringan annual workshop chaired by the head of national extension services within theMinistry of Rural Development. The workshop would be attended by representativesof research, extension and the development agencies. At the regional level, atechnical committee (RTC) would be established for each development agencyconcerned with aqricultural extension and would meet twice a year. Membershipof the RTC would include extension, research and representatives of the farmingcommunity and the committees would: (a) review results of applied and adaptiveresearch programs; (b) review the adoption rates of technical recommendationsin the previous season; (c) agree on the next year's adaptive research programto be carried out by research; and (d) prepare and agree on the contractualarrangements defining respective operational and financial responsibilities ofISRA and the extension service. Regular field days for extension staff and forfarmers would be held at the research stations and PAPEMs. The closer inclusionof extension staff and farmers in the implementation of the research programwould assist with its reorientation to priority field problems.

4.10 Applied and Adaptive Research Programs. ISRA's commodity andsystems teams would collaborate with the research and development units (R & D)of the extension agencies to jointly carry out the adaptive research programproposed under the project. Such R & D units exist already withIn SAED,SODEFITEX and SODAGRI and will be proposed for the other extension agencies underthe proposed extension project.

4.11 Adaptive research programs (farm trials) would be designed to testand, if necessary, adapt technical recommendations derived frcm applied researchfor different farm situations: (a) various cropping sequences; (b) level offarmers, skills; and (c) farmers' resources and risk situation. Farm trialswould be simple. They would be planned by research and extension together;executed by farmers on their fields under the supervision of the extensionagencies' specialized staff with technical support from regional research staff;they would initially be analyzed by research and then jointly evaluated byresearch and extension. The extension agencies would bear the cost of purchasedinputs for the trials and the farmers would undertake the work involved.

4.12 Operational and Financial Responsibility. ISRA would developmedium-term "program contracts" with each extension agency for the adaptive

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research program under the project. These contracts would specify, in broadterms (a) the agreed-upon themes for farm trials; (b) the rospective operationaland fitkancial responsibilities of the two parties; and, (c) the program's reviewand planning arrangements. Before each agricultural season, the various TCBwould review the progress achieved, agree on the detailed annual program for theforthcoming season and on the means and financial resources necessary to carryout the proposed programs. Annual programs and budgets, along with respectiveresponsibilities, would be detailed in an annual contract between the twoparties. These contracts would be submitted to the person in charge of nationalextension for approval each year before March 31. Investment expenditures wouldbe financed through the agencies annual investment budgets. The operating costsfor the implementation of the project's agreed annual adaptive research programs(both for ISRA and extension agencies) would be entirely financed (through anegotiated annual contract) from the extension agencies' annual operatingbudgets.

4.13 During negotiations assurances were obtained from the borrower thatthe national and regional research technical committees discussed above wouldbe set-up by April 30, 1990.

C. Financial Control. Audit and Reportina

4.14 Proper budgeting and accounting procedures have been set up duringthe First Project. Accounting is fully computerized and internal proceduresset up under the first Project would be refined. Internal audit and control willbe strengthened. ISRA's management will contzal and monitor the execution ofits research program by research station and by source of financing. Budgetarycontrol introduced under the first Project will be continued. The InternalAuditing and Budgetary Control Unit created under the first Project would bestrengthened by a chief controller (contrOleur de gestion) acceptable to IDA.He would work under the direction of the Managing Director and would beresponsible inter alia for the implementation of the cost accounting system, forbudgetary control, for supervision of procurement, for supervision ofdisbursement requests and for supervision of the implementation of the internalprocedures. A highly qualified financial analyst/accountant would assist theSecretary General in all matters concerning ISRA's accounts and accountingprocedures and financial management and would assist the ACP (Agent comptableparticulier) in the control of accounts prepared by the research centers. Hewould be directly responsible for all ISRA's accounts other than general accountsprepared by the ACP. Employment of the management controller and of theFinancial Analyst/accountant for an initial period of one year would beconditions of effectiveness of the Credit. The accounts will continue to beaudited by independent auditors acceptable to the Association ard the report ofthe auditors of such scope as IDA may reasonably request would be submitted toIDA within six months of the end of ISRA's fiscal year. The report will interalia include a separate opinion concerning the reliability of SOE submitted asjustification for disbursements under the credit. Assurances to this effectwere obtained at negotiations.

4.15 The Director of ISRA would be responsible for issuing semi-annualprogress reports showing budgeted and actual expenditure per research programand giving details of on-going research programs and of results achieved, In

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addition, ISRA would prepare and furnish to IDA not later than six months afterproject completion a Project Completion Report with format and content acceptableto the Association. Assurancoe to this effect were obtained at negotiations.

V. an ITS Aim RISKS

A. Main Benefits

5.1 The first project has considerably strengthened the infrastructuraland human resources available for agricultural research. The research programhas been broadened to include both specialized thematic research andmultidisciplinary production systems research. The latter teams have alreadybegun to produce useful background data on the major ferming systems within thethree regions in which they have been active, and have undertaken some on-farmtesting. The commodity research staff have received specialist training and haveproduced useful results on specialist topics (para. 2.22 and Annex 2 Table _).However, the research plan has lacked a clear focus on the priority problems ofthe farming sector and research programs have been conceived as discreteaccivities. Insufficient research has been carried out on the long-term needsof the environment, and steady degradation of natural resources has continued.

5.2 The developments undertaken during the first project have provideda good base for the development and implerc-tation of problem oriented andmultidisciplinary research programs. These can be expected to have a highreturn. The closer integration of research on crops, livestock and forestry-ould contribute to the development of sustainable farming systems that wouldassist with the restoration and conservation of soil fertility and so with cropproductivity. An increased e,nphasis on adaptive research (includingexperimentation in farmers' gardens and research on traditional pastoralsystems), with the extension service and the farming community participating inthe research process, would assist with the adaptation of technical advances madeduring the first project to the needs of the farming community. This would befurther strengthened through the close coordination of this project with thatproposed for agricultural extension. Both the long-term needs of the environmentand the most immediate technical problems of farmers would thus receive highpriority and compartmentalized scientific research would be diminished.

B. Proiect Risks

5.3 The focus and productivity of research would depend upon: (i) theability of ISRA's management to lead and direct the program towards the priorityoblectives detailed in their PQ; (ii) the development of a motivational careerstream for ISRA's scientists and technical support staff that would encouragethem to remain with ISRA and gain experience while developing useful programswithin their individual fields, (iii) the availability of sufficient operatingfinance to enable the research teams to carry out vigorous programs, and (iv)the development of a satisfactory service l.nkage between research and extensioninvolving a fuller participation of the extension service and the farmingcommunity in the research process.

- 33 -

5.4 A number of factors may affect the success of the project and themecould include: (i) program segmentation given the probable multiplicity ofcofinanle-rr of research leading to divarsion of the program away from theprincipal objectives; (ii) the possibility that ISRA management will be slow 'nachieving the shift in emphasis from the present thematic research tomiltidieciplinary problem-oriented research tackling priority problems; and (iii)the possibility that research may deviate from the problem-orientation proposed,perhaps because of ineffective feed-back from the production systems researchteams and from the extension services.

5.5 The major general risk is, as was the case for the first project,that the need to solve immediate specific problems will prevent management fromconcentrating sufficient supervision and resources to the more conceptualnecessity of a reorientation of the research program. But, the creater part ofcapital investment in the research network and training of research staff hasbeen completed during the first project; it is therefore anticipated that theadditional experience of management and the priority being given in the secondproject to the technical aspects of research would enable this reorientation tobe achieved.

VI. ASSURANCES AND RZCOIORNDATION

6.1 Assurancei3 obtained at negotiations:

(a) ISRA would prepare by January 1, 1991 for review and approvai byIDA a proposal and an action plan to be implemented startingJanuary 1,1992 for the establishment of an independent commercialproduction company to manage its revenue earning activities (para.3.29);

(b) Any increase in research and administrative staff would have to bejustified by the Manpower Development study (presently underpreparation) and funding of any new position would have to beprovided by the government budget; and ISRA would not increase thenumber of its agreed upon research programs included in the Five-Year Research Program unless complete financing of such anadditional program is assured, execution of such program does notrequire additional staff and such program is deemed to be of highpriority (para. 3.36);

(c) the national and regional research technical committees would beset-up not later than April 30, 1990,

(d) ISRA's accounts will be audited by independent auditors acceptableto IDA and their report which would include a separate opinion onthe reliability of SOEs submitted as justification fordisbursements will be submitted to IDA within six months of the endof ISRA's fiscal year (para. 4.14);

(e) The Director of ISRA will issue semi-annually progress reports inscope and content acceptable to the Association (para. 4.15);

- 34 -

(f) ISRA will prepare and submit to the Aesociation not later than sixmonths after proj et completion a Proe ct Completion Report inscope and content acceptable to the Association (para. 4.15).

6.2 Condition of f tfetivneas

(a) The signature and promulgation by Government of ISRA's "DecretOrganique" (p ra. 2.25);

(b) ISRA will employ a highly qualified and experienced SecretaryGeneral acceptable to the Association (para. 2.27);

(c) ISRA will employ a management controller (controleur do gostion)and financial analystvaccountant acceptable to the Association foran initial period of one year (para. 4.14).

6.3 Conditions of Disbursements

ISRA will review its organization and its research programs each yearand will submit to the Association by the end of October of each year a detailedwork plan, budget and finuncing plan for the next fiscal year. Approval by IDAof the three documents will be condition of disbursement for research programoperating costs for the following year (para. 2.24 and para. 4.7).

6.4 With the above assurances and conditions the project would besuitable for an IDA credit of SDR 14.0 Million (USS 18.5 Million equivalent).

- 35 -Annex 1Page 1 of 2

TUE RIPURLIC OF SgnrAL

SECOIND AGRICULTURAL IRSEAC PROJZCT

Plan QuluagaMl (1989 - 1993)

Research Proara. Costs (and 1988 Drices)

(FCFA 000)

X of X ofRegional National

Reglon Research Program Total Cost Total Total

Sud-Ou- t Natural R-e. Management 462,684 34Rice and Divereiflcation 426,661 82Faroing Systems A Mchanisation 246,858 18Fisheries 217,167 16

Regional Total 1,861,888 7

Fl-euv Water Management A F-rtilisation 29r,793 16Irrigated Maize 381,789 20Market gardening A Diverslfication 252,458 15Farming Systems _ 2,629 8JFisheries 144,294 9Forestry 188,336 a

Regional Total 1,681,240 8

Coast Artisanal Fisheries 886,068 24Environment 896,806 24Industrial Fisheries 764,171 47Economic and Institutional 9f,577 5Regional total 1,621,111 8

Nlayss Horticulture 92',26e 71Livestock 824,411 26Agrotorestry 47,989 4

Regional Total 1,299,688 7

N + C Groundnut Basin Millet # broed control 341,620 26Groundnuts 261,685 16C,ospes 261,787 19Resource Management 398,243 29Post-harvest Technology 1U4,775 8

Regional Total 1,329,919 7

Eastorn Senegal FarlOng Systes * Livostock 644,686 66Cotton + Diversification 359,779 83Agriforestry 74,161 7

Regional Total 1,978,615 6

Sylvo-Pastoral Farming Systems + Livestock 866,972 16NRegional Total 380,972 2

S. Groundnut Basis Maize 186,257 14Sorghum 187,495 14Groundnuts 210,766 21

- 36 - Annex 1Page 2 of 2

storag , Forming Systems 317,139 2Agotereetry 123,71 12

Regional Total 909,198 5

Natlona! Antsat Patho!ogy 551,36 12Sclentific Co_mting 37,613 7UNIVAL 3m,117 7Central Laboratory 209,563 6Tolodetectien 165,9.9 4Agroc ietology 119,440 ZEconomy and Industrial Environment 426,619 98 l otehno l ogy 528,616 12Animal Nutrition 316,616 7Forostry Rosource- 176,619 4See Production Vegetabloe 122,877 3Siee Production Crops 240,989 6Vaccine Production 949,013 21

Notlonal Rogional Total 4,582,123 23

Total Direct Coota 14,234,675 72

Indiroct Costs

Administration 8,388,455R-oearch Stations 2,083,801

Total Indirect Costa 6,417,268 28

Plan Quinquennal Total Costs 19,651,931

Tontative Financina Plan of the Plan Quinpuennal

CFAF billions

Original Cost of the Plan Quinquonnol 19.65Planned Reduction of Salary Costa 1.560

Actual Cost (ond 1988 prices) 18.15

Financing Cov-rn_ent of Sonogal 7.26ISRA a own resourcos 1.5SFinnnco 2.16USAID O.80Other 1.80Contribution of Proposod IDA Credit 6.64

17.99To be scured 6.16

TOTAL 18.15

pl an/SAR2

- 37 - Annex 2

THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL

SECOND AGRICULTURAL PESEARCH PROJECT

Research Programs - Proposed for IDA Financing----------------------------------------------

Region Research Program Code Total Cost IDA

(FCFA millions)

Sud-Ouest Nat. Res. Man. & Rehab. Ecosystems 11 463 218Rice & Diversification crops 12 426 167Farming Systems 14 246 55

Fleuve Agroforestry & Management of Soil & Water 27 136 70

Niayes Agroforestry, Horticulture & Livestock 41&42&43 1,300 143

NCBA Millet 51 342 142Agroforestry & Farming Systems 55 & 54 380 101

CSBA Rainfed Maize 71 136 64Sorghum 72 137 68Grain Storage 74 69 35Farming Systems Research 75 317 152Agroforestry 76 129 48Groundnuts 73 211 69

Oriental Farming Systems and Livestock 61 645 199Cotton & Diversification Crops 62 360 57Agroforestry 63 74 57

Sylvo-Pastoral Systems & Forestry & Livestock Bl 361 194Zone

REGIONAL PROGRAMS - TOTAL 5,732 1,839

National Veterinary pathology 91 551 95UNIVAL 911 336 144Central laboratories, Bambey 912 290 156Agroclimatology 92 119 35Applied Economics 93 428 154Biotechnology 94 528 111Feeding of Livestock 95 317 76Eval. Genetic Resources Forestry & Seed Prodn 96 177 96Basic Seed Production 98 241 51Vaccine Production 99 949 115

NATIONAL PROGRAMS - TOTAL 3,936 1,033

Proposed Natural Resources Management 342 2i5Research ProgramReserve Research Fund 300

GRAND TOTAL - RESEARCH PROGRAM SUPPORT 10,010 3.447

SALIWE CHIAACTISTICS OF AICLLTUIAL ZOI

1WIlV AM ADWALL SOILS OmiT AatICULTU*E &C36llDdrS iAuA. w inji-

samagel 25.000 .q.ks. 00 -00 _ 3 dei-t.ot txee 11ionfsd -ro-m:orsk..o Di0o,e to1s.po (r.-. il pr teo'..)pi... Im.. Valley limited .. I. area Sisal. memam- k..oy oly to light Send o-d.o.S, n.ooblop -for i- g."Sd. Pstflod _It drslad f*rs-_Va1l. I ft.r rivor flood: Irropol.. distrib. Is. *ior.l .*.r..Ittoist I

1I....I s:rioe..o.. om.. ,frt d _ .e -fer diff*r-t Sil ,I £ sd is.sl andetim

llidIl Valley 500I 000k. Epo-. riole Wlin* A osid in Dolt. Li.eetso(oatly *.t .).iok i_ Soil _It water mw _eeD.16. 250,000h i, , of ,oao..t All-.iol Adoptioo- of ties d I_s l .ro.. t of formng .et m (Il.. r, .r.

i-rijoimm-: 116r_d mind. c4trair.ts:

middle Vol .l 17.800ka m)bigh _jil Slinity A scodity i. 0.I1D0lt. 12.000k. b)lso io.0r.l ".toiet 1.1 thredsko.t

o)o..il rof i-g. 1od still limited

d)olimtio irobilit a.nd "reliabilit.).oil ,ooid.ilitg

Cu_meme-. 17,400 0.4k tl0 - 120W 756 f."r.o8iwe l.o Crop di..roifio.tian lwroe So..l *,ods.ti.oi with od tlow ftim.oiall7r0.00 oo h r-bl. ll..i-hdoid SoeWics 211 m..lI f.rr.l lito Stic. mt imo-tO0t rr-,. W*: acep tabletto f-r mikold..50.000. rie- all types L-sr t capped Sail fertility .. di.. e) mor.- _noo; b) rminefd ao s.l.od. lroa .owme. of ftI;;s ,;ir _. .lsoioi.0 Smitits if.

o) fl_elod oh.,. -a, ttl. high flooded ,es seed fd r r;r.ise *_d _isOth.. cdrea: fnoit -er'rd., ort,. maize.

mosst Poteto. ..d t. 1 1t, I . .. m,44.mosk.t m.riodamog .d cca3e00

Yields r.l.. to di.*trib.A g.*titd of ri.Fertilizer little eoffet. rt.. 5.5 I_tLiOt-h _ro d o.ri.d

Forestry, b .t-r.l .4 pl..todFisheriesInd.fficieot basic food (cerool.) prodecld

Centrol 24,000 o.qk G00 - Soo" Sand,. Ir_ cloy sod an N4il lt a Gr- -n. _et i e.-too 0046*mol 10.d... md pr.d.oti;. oilkio mt.st of O0Sm_ 1,700.000. .rable 100 day Ordains 0-00 La 0r mn ru iont ocopyin. 96 of .abir aro;F00 11 seo.frod. .d pr_ro sde ro,rrt le, ce s.lasIOogp.rm...n.o ld-og coasdito, Other oro..or.ol.dtonenD. ss of eflsooin eresio fAt _osdoPt ooriO_0ir. U."hLi. : may 0d relied tropism conteol _td forisg MWSt s for evil orotbeei_

Capr-ti-ol d*__.. oe.lotirn sid. is*sparidecod i.. sou o iapood 6_clo

InCr.oin. d"radet;in of n.tuersl room.eOsol.ioni Yields

Ib.U 10.. 04A0 400 - 600 _ SodY. le cloy end oi Principal -op.: *ree,dnoom(50S wf ,Oe) .o. Selotiam of aoroetiee sd deal.evemit of Plo-t loohoodry to me-tContral 70 8o dOd. maJ emon L1o setsr and SiIriIn- ilt (4bt of ars); aaba,. ~91r_ A erm_ limtio m.d si I do_;1 dGrado.1, hlding C.P.oity Livestock 0 *.Imsioies swatte Do,.lopet of fto -Jifg *oust. to opisi -g era. I iceetoth oodam'.. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I-~resi-Og P5lsties P,5OOOO o.0inqi land of feelsood PreooWtiesmsilk Soil riSiiOiO

fells. Period- Yiiiko ields dso 5. Ad.pobtiam of ted.sel.f foe omlOldorweProdCtidm if*-% Constraints md decreooi.g

roinfall od Seil fertiliiy

EsotrA.. 6.00 010 Go 6o - 1200 _ .l. ti;ly foti 1 oi la Principal dops: os w .r AII (8I of sr.). S-Iootiam ow appe-t o -ri-ime .;_ doslopasot of Pano,So I g 8 cropo (1980) wVrimhlo ori- Om. o le (U iAloi. ro iot A rics) hAndrJy Ooo Sio. f_ r t. P rioeivol ero£ ond cottOn (196 ti rot r_).oseosoJ_uo. foofi Soi I omogoot add doelsoont of froi-g owt_ soUpper no -ometabl. Psodtie optimism enr and li,emback so,at.Camemand. Li-oo-tok imporeat - cattlookoop -.04.05

in ArlA - sotoasi- oreaino;iA SOUfk - orw.inL -iCs inol.oniOl trection

E.too..io. notorsl for"t r-o-rc. 0bF-od-stioo conatr-i-d y lee poul.tiondensity and ppropristo t-ooholegy (,

SJlVO 5s.000 sq 200 - 60 0d0 ood,. fort . so. I 0 n nsotonk I.cro-od 49-ed.tondi of D-lPoont of f.r.og systeso (lme r Od fore,ty)Psoto,.l E.t 1...... I.d .. 6rs tc.dI -l nn E. ts..... .ro.. -tA e,l no.. ff*cti o_ I f-rt, . ty snd tA.t Pr.tA.tOo. rtoSre5-- be" sd pti..o, et-owbl

l .t., tn... .. , 1r. .lo -to .d a n..nt. -or-bl. f..t spulo l.PI.toch prodoct.OA.. d lot of .- l h..lUh fAn,lotPt ds . r. 6.8rch Lo 1. -dos ap.ror.-t sot.- ofLo- Prd.-cton. h6gh CO.. .rt.l sth lo. r'.,sb.neosoot

soth .od .. t-Lr., onf fdolt

LINKS WITH INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

Institute Link Current Coopwrative Activitiesestablished

WADA 1971 ISRA providee WARDA with *xperimental fields and laboratoriesISRA counterpart staff (agronou st,breeder,entomolog01t.wed scientist)WARMDA provides two scientist. plus support staffParticipation In regional rice reserch network, exchange of varietal materialTraining regularly provided to ISRA and other staff by WAMA tem

ISNAR 1963 Study of developmnt of human resources for ISRAAdvice to ISRA on scientific and financial mnagemont of reosrch

ICIPE and ILCA 1975 ISRA scientists participate In cooperative networks Inc.trypanotol-raoneISRA contributes to details of scientific prograeISRA scientists trained (short courses) by ICIPE in Nairobi or by ILCA in AddisISRA participate and provide facilitios for training courseo In Dakar

IITA - Improveent of rootcrops (cassava and sweet potato)Scelntific support for cowpes and moai- pregrammesShort training courose given by IITA to ISRA scientific and technical staffExchange of documentation

ICRISAT 1960 Support for varietal Improvement A disease resist, of milletsorghum and greUdadutTraining for technicians at Hyderabad

CIP - Technical support by CIP to COH with potato lsprovoemtTraining prograwes for seegales staff In potato production

IBPOR - Financial support for conservation of genetic resources (cold room)Training for ISRA staff In conservation methods '

Exchango of scientific Information and documentationDFPI 19s Technical assistance with food policy for West Africa

Training of ISRA scientistaILUAD - Training of ISRA scientists by ILRADCIMMYT 1975 Exchange and teeting of w*ht and m_iz varieties

Analytical and _ethodological support for broeding program eScientific support missions by CIMMYT staff to Senosl

IRRI 1961 Scientific support (soll chemistry) for submerged rice landeScientific support for varietal Improvement

iENI C A -L. .rL & t8 Reco.tw..,berews

I I ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~I krdrw.'* ) I Lp - I I:ZONE CULTURE Niveau F lve FL luF2 -

IFor]le Dose (kg/ha)IFomult Dose (kg/ha)I Fale ose (kg/ha) I I I I~~_ I .I

NORD Arachide 10-10-8 150 I ILOUGA 11ii62 1 sI II

Nilbe 114-7- I

CENTRE-NORD Phaosphatage de Food (1) Phftlphata"e de f (1)

1 - Thies I Arachide 16-20-10 150 18-18-27 150 1 8-15-27 200 1I - Bambey I Niebe 16-20-10 el8-18-27 1 s "I - Diourbel I Nl 114-7-7 of10-21-21 150 I 10-21-21 ISO II I I luree 100 urde 150 II I Sorgho 114-7-7 150 I 10-21-71 150 1 6-18-27 250 11 1 1 luree 100 I uree 200

SUD et EST Arachide 16-20-11 150 -- 18-27 200 0

I - Sine Saloum I Niebe 16-20-10 of 18-18-27 so 8-18-27 200 1

- Seongal oriental Cotonnier I8-18-27 ISO 8-18-27 150 5-18-27 200- CamamanceKuie 50 urA. 50 sulfate 1E4 SO

| | l~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~Kcl - K cl SO urfie too

I CasaI Nil 114-7-7 o 10-21-21 150 I 10-21-21 ISO II I I Iuree 100 1uric ISO I

I I Sorgho 14-7-7 o 10-21-21 ISO 6-18-27 250I I I lurie 100 urde 200 1

I I mals 18-18-27 100 18-18-27 200 8 6-18-27 300 1I I ___- I lurre 200 1 urie 300 1

Riz pluvial (2) 18-18-27 IOC 18-18-27 150 8-18-27 250

I I I 1urde 100 urtge 200R I z pluvial (3) 18-18-27 100 18-18-27 200 1 6-18-27 250 I

I I I luree 150 urAe 200 1

Riz subser - 6-18-27 200 8-18-27 S

(riziere douce) uree 100 - -

(1) A la preuiere mise en culture, 400 kg/ha de tricalcique de Talba (culture pluviale), 1 000 kg/ha de tricalcique de Talba(rizi&re submergee).

(2) Senegal-Oriental - (3) : Casamance).

-41-

I i 332} 3 Annex 6

:.33!31 i ,.s ji3 ~ 3' 0 ] 3 -, 3 Page lof 2

3~~~~d ax 3Isl& 3i ms 8 3 '

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111sf ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Amnex 6

i~j 11 .l'l I; " 'i u l'Page 2 of 2

j I ;

I t ,

GOI

,., , _, xI 4,n@ H

'1! hs ;D hit F2s'

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| '~ ;;'!1is:-: wIUb i *l! I!S w

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_i_.

*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~e

- ---------------------

S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~42- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

------------ -- ---

- 43 - Annex 7

Page I of 3

TME REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL

SBCOND AGUCULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

Natural Resources HMnasmenst Research Proaram

Background

1. The agro-ecological environment of Senegal is generallyunfavourable, and its further gradual deterioration is steadily increasingthA pressures on the agricultural sector. Over the past ten years, therehas been a significant reduction in annual rainfall and its increasingunreliability. The considerable water resources available for irrigationare effectively restricted to the Fleuve (rnorth) and Casamance (south)regions but their full utilisation is limited by agro-pedological andsocio-economic constraints. The primary agricultural activity remains low-input rainfed farming and extensive livestock husbandry. Unfortunately,these two production systems are only rarely integrated and animal tractionis only common in certain zones. The increasing demographic pressure, thefragility and diminishing organic matter content of the soils and theuncertainty of the climate combine to pose a real threat to the long-termviabili-y of the existing production systems. The sustainability ofagricultural productivity is also threatened by the shortening growingseasons and by the current lack of economic viabUlity of mineralfertilisation for most crops. The substantial natural phosphate depositsin Senegal are hardly exploited yet.

2. Various areas on some of the research stations, which have beenintensively cropped over many years, are also now showing extreme soilexhaustion and, on some stations, erosion has also become a problem. Inthe Casamance, regular utilised irr.gated rice parcels on the researchstation are showing increasing soil acidity and salinity together withtoxicity of aluminum and iron. At Sinthiou Maleme research station, inEastern Senegal, the best cotton yields are now lower than the highestsmallholder yields and an area of the station is no longer used because ofsoil exhaustion. These areas provide an advance warning of the widesp:eadsoil exhaustion and erosion which will occur in the rural areas if there isno improvement in mdnagement of production systems. Integrated land useand the exploration of the full synergistic potential of trees, livefstockand crops for farm production and restoration of soil fertility, wouldtherefore be researched and appropriate production systems would bedeveloped. This programme would require a long-term commitment to itsfinancing.

Obiective

3. To develop farming systems for the major agro-ecological zonesthat would restore and sustain soil fertility, control erosion and optimisefarm output by making the optimum use of trees, livestock and crops.

- 44 -Annex 7Page 2 of 3

Location

4. Research sites would be selected on both the research stationsand on village farming areas, in each of the northern, central and southernzones of Senegal. The proposed research stations or PAPEMs concerned wouldbe:

North NdiolFanayeMatam

Central DahraBambeyNioro du Rip

South Sinthiou MalemeKoldaDjibelor

Villages in several degreded farming areas would also be identified toprovide sites for field testing of potential systems.

Research Team

5. The program wculd be und'r the direction of the Director ofForestry working in close liaison with the Department of Soil Conservationand Reafforestation of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Theprogramme would be designed and managed by a group of four seniorsenegalese scientists representing the following disciplines:

(i) Crop production;(ii) Livestock production;(iii) Forestry;(iv) Agro-pedology.

These would be assisted, as necessary and possibly part-time, by otherspecialists.

Zonal programmes would be developed as follows:

(a) Definition of the problem;(b) Consideration of the problem in its local context

(farming systems, cultural practices, soil type,production levels, etc.);

(c) Review of relevant literature including potentialsolutions;

(d) Analysis of the soil (texture, mineral content, etc.),review of past cropping history (crops, livestock,trees and their output) and present land-use and/orvegetative cover;

~ 45 - Annex 7Page 3 of 3

(e) Design of associations and systems for testing;(f) Implsmentation of tests;(g) Evaluation of results over long time-frame in terms of

soil analysis, productivity, economics and theirpotential for adoption.

6. The field progra_e would be supervised by techniciansoutposted on the various sites concerned. Techniciens ordinaires (9) wouldbe outposted on each of the research stations to supervise field work andwould be assisted by two ezecutants qualifiEs (18) at each site.Techniciens Superieurs (3) would be responsible for the supervision of eachof the three zonal prograes (3 sites each) and would be located atappropriate research centres (Saint Louis, Bambey and Kolda).

Cost estimates

7. Five-year estimated costs (in.luding physical and Pricecontingencies):

USS (ooo) equivalentGOS 1/ IDA

4 Chercheurs (30.0) -3 Techniciens superieurs 123.59 Techniciens ordinaires 240.818 Ez4cutants qualifies 333.2

Main d'oeuvre temporaire 82.32 Break 7CV 27.03 Motos 250ccs 12.4

MatEriel bureau 3.2Fonctionnement motos 43.6Fonctionnement breaks 83.0Frais d*placements 41.2Fonctionnement (9 sites) 62.3(matEriel vEgEtal, semences, clOtures, etc.)

Total (30.0) 1052.5

1/ The four Researchers are expected to be transferred from other ISRAdepartments and no additional cost is envisaged.

anne7. sar

- 46 - Annex 8

TOR RIPUBLIC OF SENGAL

SECOND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

SuuDort Services

Veterinary laboratory services: diagnosis of livestock pathologicalproblems (including bacterial and viral diseases) and production ofvaccines.

Soil, Plant and leaf analysis laboratories: National laboratory at Bambeyfor both analysis of farmers' soil and plant samples and for analysis oftrial plot soil and plant samples.

Microbiology laboratory: development and production of effective rhizobialcultures for the different leguminous crops, pastures and trees being grownin Senegal and the region.

Bio-technolocy: Development of techniques and production for the rapidmultiplication of clean disease-free plant material.

Agro-climatoloay services: Maintenance of national network of rainfallrecording stations and research into weather patterns including predictionsof planting dates, length of growing seasons, etc.

Information and documentation services: Production of cultural handbooksand advisory leaflets for the extension service and farmers andorganisation of a library retrieval system of scientific publications forresearch personnel.

Basic seed of crop varieties: Initial first stage multiplication of plantbreeders' seed for further commercial multiplication for sale to thefarming community. Same for vegetable seed.

Fruit tree production: Nursery production of selected fruit tree varietiesthrough appropriate methods of multiplication including vegetativepropagation.

Applied economics: Examination of macro and micro economics of the marketsand production costs of agricultural commodities including the production.storage and utilisation of foodcrops.

Data processina and statistics: Collection, processing, analysis andpresentation of research data and agricultural statistics.

Annex8. ear

SENIGAI01UXIEN4 PIIOJEI Of RECHERClt IAGRICOIt

SUANIIAIF CCOUI36S C0S1 SUMNARY

iCiA '0003 lUS331000 10otal- -- ----- ---- - - - ----- ----- I Foreign Bsea

local foreign lota3 local Foreign lotal fmchings Costs

I I0V1S11AtI COSIS

A Cfl4it C£31 249 2 140 0 539 3 0 a I I I 9 58 6

HBIII(EHS BUREAU 240 215 -' 239.9 0 1 0 7 0 a so 2mil imEs 1t0101 1 .3 16. 1 17.9 00 0 I 0 I so a

Stb lotal N6tAIIIIS 25.1 232 1 251. 0. 1 0.7 0. 90 3C AtMIitlt

161ERIt AGIICOtE 164 347 * 164. 2 0 I 0 5 0 5 90 2KAIERIEI t I*AG 32 a 295 5 328 3 0 I 3 . I I g0 3MilRliE 0 IUFOhfIIOQUE 15.6 140 3 ISS a 0 F 0 5 0 5 go 2tflRIEt a IRIC611mI I 9 17 3 I3 2 0 0 0 I 0 1 90 0

Ss- lolal tUIERIEI 66 8 600 A 667 6 0 2 1 9 2 1 90 7a tfHICUIES 31 S 337 6 375 1 0 1 I- I 1 2 90 4E IOliUlAIOa 7 I8 1 3s.6 00 0.0 0. SO 0f 131K111FiI1ED RESE11ACt4 DOCDRMS 31 1 279.9 311 0 0 1 O 9 I 0 90 3

lotel INWIESFItNI COSTS 431 I 37.8. 1 2.216 3 1 3 S.8 7 I 31 22

11 IECURltii ces Is

a ptttset.&

MAIN 0 OEUVRE IF(P30*IRI 489 9 489 9 3 6 I 6 - 5FMelS DIP18CEh4tIS 254 0 254 0 0 0 - 3 IEIIIES DIIIERS 432 3 432 3 14 - 4 45S1A1ARS 4.134 6 4. 7134 6 I5 2 - I2 47

Sub- lotal PIRSONulEI 5.910 a 5.910 a 19 0 s9 0 - 58

f3IS DE F133ICFE14IK1I 39C3EC3IlS 152 6 352 6 7052 1 1 1 1 2 3 50 7fUtIS DE FO3FI0U(IlEENIu V1NIHULES 227 2 221 2 454 4 017 0 7 I 5 SO 48UIES FR81S 0E foUCIIJI3UEK(U 259 0 295 4 554.5 0 a 0 9 I a 53 5

Si&-lotal F03Cl0I14E14A 834 9 875 2 . 714 t 2 7 2 a 5 5 5S 17C. ASSISIL1CE ITCHRIOWI if AUDIT 450 227 1 212 1 0. I 0 7 0. 9 3 3

lotal RCtJRIRE4 COSIS 6.794 7 1.102 3 7.897 0 23 8 3.S 25.4 14 73[olal SASEIINI 0SIS 7.212 * 2.900 5 10. 113 3 23 2 9 3 32.5 29 100

P3A,tcal Contingmaces 3I 7 3IS 3 IS0 5 0. I 0.5 0.6 0 2Price Canatenganctos 1.341 0 445 9 1 786 8 4 3 1 4 S 7 25 18

Fotal PUJICI COSTS 8.592 5 3.498 1 12.090 7 27 6 If 2 33.9 29 320

IaY 1. 1939 10 53

%o0

SLIHGOLBIUIIENI P90.313 DE *(CH&RCNI OGIICOiF

Sum.ry Accounts by Year

lota Is Inc luding Cont ungwwes te bas.s Ivcludn. Comsal se

1990 1993 1992 1993 191 total 1990 1991 1992 9113 Om4 Total

A. Sf111 civil 30?. 041. 3 318. 463 2 49. 098 9 40. 742.9 A. 281. 3 124. 308 7 907. 3 1.024. 0 100.3 131. 0 366 2. 32 2S. mamaLiS

NSii iAeS 1111AM 78I. 46.0 70. 913 4 107. 002 3 30. 760 0 16. 283.6 303.5914 I 252 6 228 0 344. I U.S 92 4 979 9NOliIIIIS lOGffIUI 60793. 0 12.339 9 - 2.976 3 - 22. 100.5A 22.1 39.17 - 9. 6 - 71. 3

Suki-Iotla NSIIIERS 89.4,9.8 813. 252 9 107.002 3 33. 744 3 16.283 6 325.1702. 9 274.1 257.) 344.1 300. 92 4 1.047 3

NifiEi *GII1cot I 980471.0 S 1.793 a 33.4340 8 .961 3 10.379 7 202.997 3 316 6 166.4 101.9 26.84 33 4 M9 7NAIFIIIIA 51 I 8B 216.8666. I 136.164 3 27.741 I S.0"I72 1I.022.8A 401.901. 3 697 3 4409 09U2 26 0 38 0 I.2"I 0NAIFIIII I IntmIUIiioui 0'.0?4 2 89.947 2 to. 00. 0 3. 49?. A 190.S19 2 28000 289 2 32. 2 II. 2 - 612 6NOItlilL S IUIGIIBOU 181. 89. 3 2.141 7 - 1,.4S7.9 S 23.0049 560 6 8a - 4.0a 74. 2

Stk id lo 8a118111t 421. 267.3 281. 42? I 7 1. 379.6a 22. 033 7 22. III0.9 0181.102.3 1, 354. 6 904.9 226 9 70.0 71 4 2.630.1* ViIIICUIis 242.1720 3 110.439 7 46.919s 4 44. 199 a 18. 492 2 462.A847 j 780 S 399. I ISO- I 142 I 99 1. 40 3[ FONNAIION 9.671 2 10.971 4 - 20. 242 6 31.1 - 34 0 - 69 I* UIJDiNlIFIID 815S1ARCm P50588S - 179.931 4 190.284 3 - 366.99 2969 U.? - 634 3 1. I1I9a

lotal IUVL9INIUI COSIS 1.056. 450 8 979. 185 9 217. 032 0 342. 279_9 69. 299 3 2.718. 199.9b 3. 396 9 3. 148.9 0614.3 31. 100.8 209.0 ,.740.2

II MICIRRFNI COSIS.5

A Pt (mSOAI.

MAINED OLUVAF IFNPOAIKI 304.290 7 110.84596 116.387 A 122.207 2 126.317 6 902,738. 9 337 6 395 4 374.2 32. 9 41' S 1.1873 Afl[OIS K PIACININIS 93. 741 9 97.661 4 60S44 9 63. 971 7 66.790 3 302. 269 S 172 8 189b.4 194.1 204.4 234 6 oil IIlu[iIl[S DIVERS 90.428 7 98.386 6 103.306 0 100.4)1 3 113.8948 A 914.487 4 2900A 31614 332.2 340.8 386.2 .1.6943583*3815 1. 019. 119. I 1. 070. 067 9 3. 123. 979. 6 .179. 799. 6 1. 238.1821 9 S. 631. 335. 7 3.276 9 3. 440 7 3. 612.6 AS. 793.4 S.9SU 4 It. 107. 2

Subn lot.1 PIASOBIUI 1.6M. 269.92 1. 336. 961. 1. 403. 813.9 1.474.009 9 1.9541. 104. 7.030.63ll 9 4.070 0 4.298 9 49 13. 94. 739. 64.018.622.007 2S. FOSIIIIII00NiUI

f1*IS 51 FCIIENIENIUI 51CNIRCIBS M.49M3 7 399. 628 4 169. 939 2 176. 429. 2 I7S. 472 0 839.004 4 401 2 913 3 946 4 917 3 977 3 2.609t 2("IlS MI IDUCII0SIUIEU VIIIICIIIIS 9.S993 I 102.060 4 1307,990. 6 113.533 4 119. 742 3 S93.929 6 307 4 326 2 346.06 36 I 309 0 1.131 681113( 16615s 51 101C13011N111 g 13931- 0 125.40b 8A 130. 917. I 137.$91. 9 142.1397.2 656.203.9 309 3 403. 2 421.0. 443 4 497.31 2. 1 00

Smki lotal BDUCIIUUIKIUI 369.063 7 387.1303 9 ". 422 9 427.894 0 441. 373.95 2.029.813 7 1. 173 II 1.244 7 3,3313.3 31.379.?7 1.419 2 6,9%26. 7C ASSISIAMCFIE 110U11 It £11511 323. 749 9 99.706. 4 98.075 6 36.397 0 37.920 7 311. 010. 3 397 9 179k. I3 K 116.7 369 12 1.9I .0402. 6

lolal SICURiEK COS1S 1.79.077 2 1.7179.171 0 3. 870. 313 4 1.938.216 9 2.027.076 9 S. 372. 49.4 S.649 A 9.722 7 60133.9S ,237. 2 1.9II 9 301. 136 9

lanai PIIIJICI £O915 2.813.b27 9 2. 198.9 9b t 2.314S.349 9 2. 20. 492 9 2. 092. 332. 2 12. 090. 654 9 9.046 S.? 8.71. 2 6.81921 I7. 332 11 6.127 II 30.616 7

Nay I. Is8" 3098b

S LIIGALOtUliNit PtOJEI O PECItACHt UICOI1financing Ian By Oesbursmnt Category

6.|5$'

liunmui InotStYfIOPNtIl REPUBLIC ofASSKCIAIION SEfLOAt Tolal

- -- - ---- ---------- - - - --------- - local (Enci. I ra 8un t I nounl I hount I for athb amxal lam"

- -= : -== -== - -:: -. : ---- :~- .. . :.:

A. gUIF CiVYl 2.329 2 1000 0 0 00 2.329 2 0 1.353 7 *75 Sa. mitUIaS . DINAIFtUmS . tllRltt ARICOIt . naiuItn St OI48 3.677 8 100 0 0.0 0. 0 3.5?7 9.5 3. 09 9 367 9

C. VMItlCliS IRACIElUUS . OlYtfLiFES . tIC . 4U 3 100 0 - - 458 3 3 8 i.339 3 M48 9

1O SEtVILiS Of COUSUtFIIS 1.002 6 1000 - - 1. 002 6 25 833 9 1S. I

E. F3.IS K iONCIIINtlENI P9OO1OIUIS ECNEECHtS 8.5 767 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 8.767 2 22.6 2.4t;9 I 6* 2M

I. F14IS K IFNCIIONIILNEUEI SERVICES AONIIISIR*lfS - - 20. 366. 7 1000 20.366. 7 52 4 848 6 19 519. I

Fl IIOU fb 65 I too 0 - - 65 1 0 2 32 4 32.

N. P9OCPUUIE OtK tIECNIt E ION ID lFItiEE 1. 179. 100.0 - - I. 179 a 3 0 1.061 O ttO.6

otlOnlDibrment 18.S100 47 6 20.366 7 52 4 16.876?7 100 0 11.248 1 272.28 -

Nay 1. 1989 10 b8

O0Mb

OIUXIIIN P80.515 Di l5LcHi5&cls A9ICOtif inanc sag Plan by Suary Accounts

INI11 AI IOUAD(viFopssIN BIPUBiIC OF

associasson SLN(E.AL jo-----l loal sizci 0hi.*s a

Amuni 2 Awowit I AnwlS I for Ixch IaxesS fame~

I IEVISINEIU £0515

A GINIF clvii 2.329 2 500 0 0 0 0 0 2.329 2 6 0 1.351-7 92% 5A NOBiIIERS

13311111$ bUIIAI 925.9 500.0 0 0 0 0 92% 9 2 5 aiae 98g0815113fS tOE01111N To 3 l00.0 a25 3 0 2 64.2 2 I

Sub,-5ota5 11111ilIAS 5. 0423 3000 0 0 0 0 5. 04723 22 942 2 losI

NAUIRIFI AG8ICoLi 652 2 5000 0 0 0 0 652 27 5 2 Se? 4 65 3NASFIIII 0t LAIO 5.291 0 5000 0 0 0 0 I. 29150 33 1. 162 0 129 0KAStRIFt 0 SUFONRISSASOI 612 A 500.0 652 6 5 6 551 4 65l 2NAIIEIFI 8 1111G85501 24 2 500 0 0a 0 0 24 2 0 2 66 a 2 4

Sit loale 111AFFIIFL 2.630Gb 500 0 0 0 0 0 2.630 6 6 8 2. 367.?1 262 A* YFIucuFF% . 488 3 500 0 - . 488 3 3 8 5. 332.3 548 9F FOISAISOSI 6s I T000O 65 I 0 2 32 4 32 2f uN5DSKNFIFlIE miSIAmCs PRfoGaANS 5. 129 a so.. 3 . 529 a 3 0 1. 061- 0 558 8

lbIaS INVFSINFNI COSTS 8. 240 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 8.240 2 22 5 2.096 4 i.643 8

A PFNSONNLL

HAIN1 B OIUVIE FNFOOAIII 3.722)5 9)9 5522I I 5.8713 A 48 - .273 a18815 OIPLACININIS 238 0 75 9 233 9 24 I 911 9 2 5 -925.9SDINIIFS oivIRs 1.486 3 89. 8 568g 0 50 2 3.654 3 4. 3 I. 654 3SALASRIS 58l. 102 2 500.0 8.1502.2 46 6 58. 502 2

Suib-Total PFRSO"SUF 3.945 4 152 538. bbs 8 82 5 22.602 2 58 2 22.60?-.2

FiAIlS AL FOUCSIOUNSKENI *LcNFAcNES 2. 258 0 84 I 42 1 5 IS 9 2.685t 2 b 9 3. 336. 5 5. 348.?7138IS K1 FONCI£tOSUNINU VINICUFF(S 1. 1%? 3 668 524 3 33 2 3.23) 6 4 5 861 A 8698aAUJIBFS FRIlS OfF OuCSIUSSuFNIu 5. 406%5 667 7 03 5 33 3 2.110 0 5 4 5. t59s5 990 %

Sub-1tome1 IOICIIOSSuN&u5 4.821 8 23 9 1.7204 9 26 1 6.526 2 16. 8 3.312 8 3. 208. 9C ASSISFANCI IICISNIUF Ft A"Oil 1.002 6 500 0 1.002 6 2 6 833 9 Mt8

lotle SSFCUIIafh COStS 9.269 8 32 4 20.36617 62 6 30.536 5 22 5 4.151 7 25.9848Alotal 0,s.wrsemens 18.S30 0 42 6 20.36bl 1 52 4 38.826 2 500 0 11.248.15 22,.628 6

lay 1. 3989 50. 58

- 51 -

Annex 10

SENEGAL

SECOND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

Procurement Method and Disbursements

Procurement Methods________________________ Total

| ~Items to be procured ICB LCB Other N.A. Cost=_sss=w_*-X==~~======== =.======~=~=.=s-_===,=s= z~===.. .... _

(USS Million)

Civil Works 2.3 2.3(2.3) (2.3)

Office Equipment, Computer Equipment 2.7 1.0 3.7Ag. Equip, Laboratory Equipment (2.7) (1.0) (3.7)

Vehicles 1.2 0.2 0.1 1.5(1.2) (0.2) (0.1) (1.5)

Consulting Services, Audit, Training 1.0 1.0(1.0) (1.0)

Direct Research Costs 3.2 1.5 0.5 15.6 20.8

(3.2) (1.5) (0.5) (3.6) (8.8)

Administration, Maintenance 8.4 8.4

Reserve Research Fund 1.2 1.2

(1.2) (1.2)

TOTAL 7.1 5.0 1.6 25.2 38.9(7.1) (5.0) (1.6) (4.8) (18.5)

=5=sS=__-s=ss_w="=w=s=ss=s=s====== ==

Note: Figures in parenthesis are the respectiveamounts financed by the Association

Procure .wklSAR2

- 52 -

Annex 11

TEE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL

SECOND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

BstLaMted Schedule of Disbursements of IDS Credit

Cumulative DisbursementIDA Fiscal Year Semester at tha End of Semester

US$ Millions SDR Million

91 1 1.0 0.82 3.0 2.3

92 1 5.0 3.82 7.5 5.7

93 1 10.0 7.62 12.0 9.1

94 1 14.0 10.62 15.0 11.4

95 1 16.0 12.12 17.0 12.9

96 1 18.5 14.0

annexll.sarSAR2

A X** WM% - 53 - Annex 12

QJ4MT iS 35S S O EX3.DOiThY 0

I go NU m

I N T I r U L I S 133 i34 1 is" 17 iJS C U V L

intim, F Pouson.g" 725. us 660. Ia 7ftfe2 usa iS 3. uW. ao"mg aIohadtic. 46.466 5.729 S.064 la6.66

t o t a I S61.6 713.3a 724.8 M734.2 L 40 0 3. 66 3.3

T _S01 c_eS 33. *A J67 41.2IO 3L.139 3.s2 38.276"Mg exploitation 1.544 7 323 2.517

tot a t 11.72 30.867 41.30 3.139 26.83 0 JJ.9

NUTB aENYJs c S 4e. 15 is 20.46 #40. 307 39.166 . 951 2.034306

Mm esololtatJtu 2e2" £7.29 L. 073 10C6.it o t a I 263.373 ;40.446 S M.166 SS9.O4 0 2.241.604

"J1M1 ET cUa7m5 27.772 27. m?)10s *vp2oz~atJ~. 420 110

t o t a J 0 0 0 0 .2A1 0 25.266

oIS ET 7Tm WM= 2M6.6 0 62.66 234.684 70. 43 J 62.863 6. Miia ioioNtat te 3 ? L 764.76 30. *M3 4.172027

t .1 a I 3.63A946 61.6215 8. WO M4w ON 32 0 4.774.420

fOIS B EO 1. 4605M 2.015.733 2.68.866 &*M.35 2.8OL729 10.41 4.5S"wes XoloJtatl .3464 205624 49 3.14 634.247

t o S a I 1.517.073 .OM752 . 794.a20 2.49. NO 2.301.M 0 1I.045.14

TWO1 ETSra S 666 8 a5." 2A 373 AL.go0 6oo 235.69

Mp" oJtatAo 1.306 1. A3 3.270 5.83t o t a 2 2 9.6 2a5.9 a9.36 5.40 29.475 0 244.707

DESMS L 46 2 471 4.123 3.973 3.92 IL.735NW$ e.aloroatlJo 4 $

t a t a I 48 2471 4.235 3. 73 3.5 1) 26.739

DOTRTJUA WO PT17N 270,32 2Sa .34 4.0 Co 67" 64&3 93 2.237.213H"Ws inpiojatJm 2%1 24W 241.300 374.OI 7

t o I a 1 26 2 L 93.74e 5L 79 57.69 0 2.312.40

ZDOTI'm AN JSPOJ ALM .16 l A432 104.41"Ws exploitati'on U640 1.71 L S.04

I o t .0 0 o79.0 o.275 16 .93 0 3eo85

r OA D t * J ITh7WID 3.033 3. J3.t534 4. 3. 4.45323 3.8359.76 0 19632.129k 1D £NM .a 3. 47%30 0 1.131.77 0 S9.3 0 &. 23.774

TDT*L SEMER*L 6.L 4L 65 3.33. L13S.201 463.L80 4.452.933 0 .56129.973

11n "- lms j9duiasmsS pIoisfiew mS *Ws t pl.ota

Ch~art I

_ 54 -

* -

t ::\ f 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

'7'te;i4 v il

T0l 'n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

i W F X ts'SMl.E~~~~~~55

4 ' \XiS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

SENEGALSECOND ACRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

AND RESEARCH PLANNING PROCESS

Nouvelle Politique AgricoleNational Agricultural Policy

MDR se_arch C l

Development I -1- TstOlu

| Agencies | _ _Plan Qui uennal(5-ywar lan)1989-1993

Regional Research PrOgrams

*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RSSii Ln0 LUM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U

Research Programs

Qestlon des Ssee

Naturels Ft Agraires Huleutlquset Rehab. I _Versif. e

EoosystemsMcWm

Resarch Pro]ects

Plant Plant oQ n

Produdtlon _Broding Protection oo

EKAN443578

SENEGALSECOND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

FUNCTION STAGE RESPONSUIUTY

Macro - planning NPA ] GovernmentAgricultural Sector Council of Uints

National Agricultural P i ISRA ManpmentResearch Strategy and Plan advised byseST

- Planninig i~ ~~Control I RIeser c ISRksResch Drctors

- Diffusion of Technica Programs Program CoordinatorsRecommendiations

- Micro - planningimplementation ( Resewch Regional Centre Chief

lDevelopment of Programs Prgram CoordinaoRecemmendations

- Planning of trialsImplementation Research Indidual Scidst X

-Evaluation [ Projects A :- RWorlng 1

EK%443Yc

____________________ 310~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O 2131+ ~~SENEGAL

MAultiTA141A MALI PN M A U R 1 T A N I A ~~~~~~SECOND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT~~ ) - NIGH ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .... DEUXIEME ~~~~~~~~~~PROJET DLI RECHERCHE AGYRICOLE

ILa4z ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ <~~~~ -- ~~~~~'- oagaoa * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~io~~~~444~~~0 W%l ftnHS!ARCTOFAHUL ZONESARH ONS

tt'OWNEA%.%t I B ..-~h -ft 1A MNC,~~~( ~~~~ ~~c6so / 'II NIGH Otis'. * s'.d..s't.. SW OW!?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cd*wdo-d-- W xo

A R-,tk.2 IlEAL RI"ONTom ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 COAST

- - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SAINT -LOUIS 10' $:ri" 4 NMAY15L le 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hed. scJ 0fs mv

- Mhysti n aS*oufr 5 NORT AND mN¶1 GROUNDN4UT ASAIN

his Wim Mar mare Os' - RioOs's NOW AND ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7V DV RMsANRDASSe AUOiCOW RAAD

Th. R S ,Co"e 0tH", 6ATEAN SENEGAL AND UPPER1 CASAMkANCI

is M c n Waft 7 SINIE sALOUmt..r. .Me .fla* Pr if5 G~~~~~~~~~~L CNTV IT SW DuI eASSa ARACNDER

C~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. ",W ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ZOEE STIVNO PASTORALE

onnp -' wrn* Os0- 60r s

Ss' sAfl-q'Ia Pb 400 Ou.- DoaI.. 0 20 40 600

CAP -VERT Aivois'

S.A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~ML

COH K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Tmaoud A BA O N A<

A'X=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'

- CA wrrdo * tW 5G A M I

National c'p,tal GUlCHO

L qion bnder..g

It.rnofionol hou"Idar,es " ~~ ~~KduoO~~~~srouy4@ aas'os', 0 , . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 1"'%-

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3

JANUARY 1989