workshop project_what is inside a cpu

8/11/2019 Workshop Project_what is Inside a Cpu

1/9

Hands-on Activity

What is inside aCPU BOX??

This practical exercise deals with the inside of the computer casing

Lets see if you manage to oen a comute! "o# and $nd the comonents of acomute!

Get down to work!!!!Put your nose to the grindstone!!!

Name:.......................Group:.....................................


2/9

%&Ove!vie' to the inside of a comute!

IES PROFESOR MXIMO TRUEBA................................................................................................4 ESO ICT - Dpto. Tecnolog!4"#$"!!#.%oc................................................................................................................................................................................Pge !


3/9

(ind out the fo))o'ing comonents

*&+O,H.BOA./

IES PROFESOR MXIMO TRUEBA................................................................................................4 ESO ICT - Dpto. Tecnolog!4"#$"!!#.%oc................................................................................................................................................................................Pge &


4/9

0&CPU A1/ 2,3 (A1

4&.A+ 5&.O+

6&HA./ /.27

8&2/ CO1,.OLL. 9&C/ .O+ /.27

IES PROFESOR MXIMO TRUEBA................................................................................................4 ESO ICT - Dpto. Tecnolog!4"#$"!!#.%oc................................................................................................................................................................................Pge 4


5/9

:&X,132O1 CA./3

72/O 3OU1/ ,H.1,

%;& POW. 3UPPL< A1/ CABL3

%%& CO11C,O.3

IES PROFESOR MXIMO TRUEBA................................................................................................4 ESO ICT - Dpto. Tecnolog!4"#$"!!#.%oc................................................................................................................................................................................Pge "


6/9

IES PROFESOR MXIMO TRUEBA................................................................................................4 ESO ICT - Dpto. Tecnolog!4"#$"!!#.%oc................................................................................................................................................................................Pge '


7/9

IES PROFESOR MXIMO TRUEBA................................................................................................4 ESO ICT - Dpto. Tecnolog!4"#$"!!#.%oc................................................................................................................................................................................Pge (


8/9

%*& HOW /O CO+PU,.3 WO.=??

Basic function of a comute!

1. You turn the computer on.. The computer )oads data f!omreadonly memory ".O+# and performs a poweron

selftest "PO3,# to make sure all the ma$or components are functioning properly. %s partof this test& the memory controller checks all of the memo!y add!esseswith a 'uickread(write operation to ensure that there are no errors in the memory chips. )ead(writemeans that data is written to a *it and then read from that *it.

+. The computer )oads the *asic input(output system "B2O3# from ),-. The /,0 proidesthe most *asic information a*out storage deices& *oot se'uence& security& Plug and Play"auto deice recognition# capa*ility and a few other items.

2. The computer )oadsthe operating system "O3# from the hard drie into the system3s

)%-. Generally& the critical parts of the operating system are maintained in )%- as longas the computer is on. This allows the 4P5 to hae immediate access to the operatingsystem& which enhances the performance and functionality of the oerall system.

6. 7hen you open an a)ication& it is loaded into .A+. To consere )%- usage& manyapplications load only the essentia) a!tsof the program initially and then load otherpieces as needed.

8. %fter an application is loaded& any $)es that a!e oenedfor use in that applicationare loaded into .A+.

9. 7hen you sae a le and close the application& the le is written to the seci$edsto!age device& and then it and the application are u!ged f!om .A+.

P!ocess of !og!am e#ecution&

IES PROFESOR MXIMO TRUEBA................................................................................................4 ESO ICT - Dpto. Tecnolog!4"#$"!!#.%oc................................................................................................................................................................................Pge )


9/9

7hen a program is running the executa*le *inary le is copied from the disk drie into memory.

The process of program execution is the !et!ieva) of inst!uctions and data f!ommemo!y& and the execution of the arious operations. ,he cyc)es"which fre'uency is set *ythe clock# with complex instruction sets typically utili;e the following stages :

1. (etch the inst!uction f!om main memo!y: The 4P5 presents the alue of theprogram counter "P4# on the address *us. The 4P5 then fetches the instruction from mainmemory ia the data *us into the -emory etch re'uired data from main memory to *eprocessed and placed into registers.

2. #ecute the inst!uction: >rom the instruction register& the data forming theinstruction is decoded *y the control unit. /t then passes the decoded information as a

se'uence of control signals to the releant function units of the 4P5 to perform theactions re'uired *y the instruction such as reading alues from registers& assing themto the %rithmetic logic unit >ALU to ca)cu)ate the !esu)tand writing the result *ackto a register. % condition signal is sent *ack to the control unit *y the %?5 if it is inoled.

6. 3to!e !esu)ts: The result generated *y the operation is stored in the main memory& orsent to an output deice. ased on the condition feed*ack from the %?5& the P4 is eitherincremented to address the next instruction or updated to a di=erent address where thenext instruction will *e fetched. The cycle is then repeated.

Pa!ts of a CPU@

1. A!ithmetic Logic Units >ALU: The %?5&as its name implies& is that portion of the 4P5hardware which performs the arithmetic andlogical operations on the *inary data .The %?5contains an %dder which is capa*le ofcom*ining the contents of two registers inaccordance with the logic of *inary arithmetic.

. Cont!o) Unit: The control unit& whichextracts instructions from memory anddecodes and executes them& calling on the%?5 when necessary.

+. .egiste!s: )egisters are temporary storage units within the 4P5. 0ome registers& suchas the program counter and instruction register& hae dedicated uses. ,ther registers&such as the accumulator& are for more general purpose use.

2. C)oc: % circuit in a processor that generates a regular se'uence of electronic pulsesused to synchroni;e operations of the processor3s components. The time *etween pulsesis the cycle time and the num*er of pulses per second is the clock rate "or fre'uency#.

The execution times of instructions on a computer are usually measured *y a num*er ofclock cycles rather than seconds. The higher clock rate& the 'uicker speed of instructionprocessing. The clock rate for a Pentium 2 processor is a*out .@& . GA; or higher

IES PROFESOR MXIMO TRUEBA................................................................................................4 ESO ICT - Dpto. Tecnolog!4"#$"!!#.%oc................................................................................................................................................................................Pge #

workshop project_what is inside a cpu

Documents