workshop on modern biology & its social impacts 2-5 dec 2007, xishuanbanna, yunnan, china...
TRANSCRIPT
Workshop on modern biology & its social impacts
2-5 Dec 2007, Xishuanbanna, Yunnan, China
Environmental Impacts of GM Crops for Insect-Resistance
Yufa PengBiosafety Research Centre, CAAS, Beijing
MOA Inspection and Test Center for Environmental Safety of Transgenic Crops
Lab testing Environmental testing
1
2
3
4
Experimental Stations for Environmental safety of Bt cotton
1-Langfang,Hebei ( 1997- ) 2-An Yang, Henan ( 1997- )
3-Tianmen, Hubei ( 2001- ) 4- Kashi, Xinjiang ( 2001- )
Langfang
Environmental Impacts of Bt Cotton
Population dynamics of non-target pests and natural enemies in Bt cotton field
Number of predators increased due to reduced pesticide uses in Bt cotton field
The damage of aphid reduced due to higher population of natural enemies
Mirids become the major pests in Bt cotton
Impact of Bt Cotton PollenOn Silkworms
No significant difference was observed on mortality of silkworm at the density of 100 pollen grains/cm2 in Bt cotton field or Chinese tussah silkworm at the density of 1000 pollen grains/cm2 in Bt corn field compared to non-Bt controls
Antheraea pernyiBombyx mori
Effects on Arthropod Biodiversity of Bt CottonA higher diversity in species and a better structure of arthropod community in Bt cotton field
Monitoring the Bt toxin residue in soil of Bt cotton field
土壤环境下Bt棉花叶片杀虫的降解动态规律 Degradation dynamics of Cry1Ac protein of Bt cotton in
field
A
B B BB B0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
取样日期 Sampling date(m-d)
Bt 蛋
白含
量(n
gg
-1)
Bt p
rote
in
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Bt 蛋
白/ 可
溶性
蛋白
Bt
pro
tein
/dis
solu
ble
pro
tein
(%)1. Bt Bt蛋白含量
protei n
2. Bt /蛋白 可溶性蛋白Bt protei n/ di ssol ubl eprotei n
2
1
The contents of Cry1Ac toxin in soil in Langfang,Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong were less than ELISA test limit
Cotton
Wheat
Cotton
Corn
Cotton
Soybean/Peanut
Functions of cotton bollworm refuges with different planting models
1st 2nd 3rd fourth
generation larvae
Corn
Soybean
Peanut
Different planting models
Soybean/Peanut
Environmental testing of GM soybean
The survival and competitive ability
The ecological consequence of gene flow
Effects on non-target organisms and
biodiversity
The survival and competitive ability
The ecological consequence of gene flow
Effects on non-target organisms and
biodiversity
♣ survival: less
♣ weediness:
without advantage
Testing the survival and competitive abilities
Testing the survival and competitive abilities
GM soybean
Testing the ecological risk of gene flow Testing the ecological risk of gene flow
Gene flow frequency
0.0316 %~ 0.6 % maximum flow distance: 20m
GM soybean
Local soybean variety
GM soybean
Local soybean variety
Experimental layout of gene flow
GM soybean
Testing the ecological risk of gene flow Testing the ecological risk of gene flow
♣ GM to wild soybean: 0.15%-1.3% ♣ GM to conventional cultivars to yellow soybeans 0.058%-1.63% to black soybeans 0.051%-0.16 %
GM soybean
effects on biodiversity effects on biodiversity
♣ Direct observations
♣ Vacuum-suction machine
GM soybean
effects on biodiversity effects on biodiversity
♣ effect on Arthropods of soybean
no significant differences
Aphids
Greenish hawk moth
Been blister beetle
Dotted bug
GM soybean
Testing the effects on biodiversity Testing the effects on biodiversity
♣ effects on nature enemy of soybean pests
ladybirdspider
GM soybean
effects on biodiversity effects on biodiversity
♣ effects on nature enemies of soybean diseases
no significant differences
Downy mildew
GM soybean
Environmental impact testing of transgenic Corn
MON810 , MON863 resistant to insects
GA21, NK603 tolerant to herbicide
Bt 11, 176 resistant to insects
TC1705 resistant to insects
DAS-59122-7 resistant to insects and tolerant to herbicide
T25 tolerant to herbicide
MONSANTO
SYNGENTA
Du PONT
BAYER
♣ survival: less
♣ weediness:
without advantage
survival and competitive abilities survival and competitive abilities
transgenic corn
ecological risk of gene flow ecological risk of gene flow
GM corn
♣ 5m: 0.93% to 19.57%
15m: 0.88% to 6.67%
30m: 0.32% to 1.76%
60m: 0.23% to 1%
transgenic corn
the effects on biodiversity the effects on biodiversity
Pitfall trap
Vaccum-sucking machineVisual Observation
Dissecting the stem
transgenic corn
transgenic corn
good control on Asian corn borer
Bt corn
Non-Bt corn damaged by Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis
Bt cornNon-Bt corn
Damaged by peach borer
transgenic corn
♣ effects on non-target insects of Bt corn
no significant differences
Corn leaf aphidThrips
transgenic corn
♣ effects on natural enemies of corn pests
no significant difference
Lacewing
Propylaea japonica
Harmonia axyridis
transgenic corn
♣ effects on corn diseases
Curvularia leaf spotgrey leaf spot
Corn northern leaf blight
Common smut
Concluding remarksCotton bollworm and Bt cotton cultivation
Genetic stability for 10 years
Not an invasive weed
Bt-proteins in cotton cultivars does not appear to alter the fitness to survive in natural habitats
Effects on non-target insects and biodiversity
Insect resistance and IPM strategy