workshop iot oslo 11 september 2009 o. vermesan sintef

8/13/2019 Workshop IoT Oslo 11 September 2009 O. Vermesan SINTEF

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Internet of ThingsVision and the Technology BehindConnecting the Real, Virtual and Digital Worlds

Copyright 2009 O. Vermesan, SINTEF

Dr. O. VermesanSINTEF, Norway

The Future InternetInternet of Services | Internet of Things | Internet of MediaInternational Workshop - 10-11 September, Oslo, Norway


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Future InternetSociety

SocietySociety

Future Internet

IoTIoT IoMIoM IoSIoS IoEIoE

IoT Internet of ThingsIoM Internet of MediaIoS Internet of Services

IoE Internet of Enterprises


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In the IoT, things are expected to become activeparticipants in business, information and social processeswhere they are enabled to interact and communicateamong themselves and with the environment byexchanging data and information sensed about the

environment, while reacting autonomously to thereal/physical world events and influencing it by runningprocesses that trigger actions and create services with orwithout direct human intervention.

Internet of Things

Source: Internet of Things - Strategic Research Roadmap, CERP-IoT 2010


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Interfaces in the form of services facilitate interactions withthese smart things over the Internet, query and changetheir state and any information associated with them, takinginto account security and privacy issues.

Internet of Things

Source: Internet of Things - Strategic Research Roadmap, CERP-IoT 2010


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Connect objects and devices to repositories and networks using simple,and cost effective systems of item identification so data about things

can be collected and processed. Ability to detect changes in the physical and environmental status ofthings, using sensor technologies.

Internet of Things

Devolving information processing capabilities to the edges of thenetwork using embedded intelligence in the things.Miniaturization and use of nanotechnology so smaller and smaller

things will have the ability to interact and connect.


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Internet of ThingsConnecting:

Anytime A nytime Anyplace A nyplace Anything A nything

Anyone A nyone Any service A ny service Any network A ny network

Convergence

ContentCollections

Communication

ComputingConnectivity


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Smart Systems on Tags

Sense

Communicate

Actuate

I d e n t i f y

I n t e r a c t

I n t e

r f a c e


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Smart Systems on Tags

Scalability , modularity , extensibility andinteroperability among heterogeneous thingsand their environments are key designrequirements for the Internet of Things.

Identification TechnologyInternet of Things Architecture TechnologyCommunication TechnologyNetwork TechnologySoftware, Services and AlgorithmsHardwareData and Signal Processing TechnologyDiscovery and Search Engine Technologies

Relationship Network Management TechnologiesPower and Energy Storage TechnologiesSecurity and Privacy TechnologiesStandardisation


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Things AttributesThings can initiate communicationThings can communicate with other things,

computing devices and with peopleThings can be real world entities or virtual entitiesThings have identity; there are means for

automatically identifying themThings may have sensors attached, thus they can

interact with their environmentThings can collaborate to create groups or networksThings can do many tasks autonomouslyThings are involved in the information exchange

between real/physical, digital and virtual worldsThings can selectively evolve and propagateinformation


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Things AttributesThings would be competing with other things onresources, services and subject to selective pressures

Things can create, manage and destroy other thingsThings can use services that act as interfaces to

thingsThings respect the privacy, security and safety of

other things or people with which they interactThings use protocols to communicate with each other

and the infrastructureThings can negotiate, understand and adapt to their

environment

Things can extract patterns from the environment or tolearn from other thingsThings are environmentally safeThings can take decisions through their reasoning

capabilities


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Ubiquitous Sensor Network Any place, any thing using wireless tags/nodes- Ubiquitous

Sensing ID and environmental information- Sensor Real time monitoring and control using a- Network

Closed loop control

Neuro-stimulators

On-Body

In-Home

Ad-hoc Sensor Adaptive Wireless

In-bodyMEMS Sensors

DynamicArm

Sensor Node

RFID Node


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Wireless Systems CharacteristicsWireless

Limited bandwidth, high latency

Variable link quality and link asymmetry due tonoise, interference, disconnectionsEasier snooping

Signal and protocol processing

MobilityDetermine variability in system design parameters:Connectivity, bandwidth, security domains, locationawareness

Protocol processing

PortabilityLimited capacities (battery, CPU, I/O, storage,dimensions)

Energy efficient signal and protocol processing Source: Momenta neck-worn PC

Source: Momenta


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Smart Wireless SystemsBeyond RF ID - Functionality

Multi AntennasOn Chip Antenna OCA

Coil on Chip (HF)Printed antennasEmbedded antennasMultiple antenna substrates3D structures

Integrated CircuitMicro/Nanoelectronics/Polymer

Multi RF Front EndsHF/UHF/MW/Radar

Memory

EEPROM/FRAM/Polymer ID 128 bits + other type IDMulti Communication ProtocolsUWBDigital Processing

Security

DisplaysBi-stableFlexible

Transparent

Sensors/Actuators

MEMS/NEMSSensors on ChipMolecular sensors

AssemblyPower Generation

RFSolar Harvesting (vibration, temp, etc.)Batteries printed/polymer

Fuel cells

Source: Siemens

Source: University of Washington

Source: Toshiba

Combined flexible contact lens withan imprinted electronic circuit


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Semiconductor technology scaling gives rise to three keychallenges:

Challenge of scalabilitythe need to extend communications and processing to large data,over heterogeneous channels

Challenge of adaptation

the need to reuse and retarget both hardware and softwareChallenge of integration

the need to more optimally exploit heterogeneous componenttechnologies with respect to cost, performance, energy tradeoffs

Fundamental technology constraints :Energy (limitations of batteries, sensors)Bandwidth (limited speed of semiconductor devices)Non-scalability of analog circuitsScaling of on- and off-chip interconnects

Challenges and Constraints


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IoT and Cloud ComputingComputing paradigm where data and services reside inmassively scalable data centers and can be ubiquitouslyaccessed from any connected device over the Internet.Physical location and underlying infrastructure details aretransparent to users

A nytime, A nywhere access to IT resources delivereddynamically as a service

Virtual Scalable Efficient Flexible


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IoT and Cloud Computing

Computers

WirelessInteracting

Devices

RFID

UltrasoundRTLS MobilePhones

DataData

Applicat ions Appl ications

DataData

App lications Applicat ionsDataData

Applicat ions Appl ications

DataData

App li cati ons App lic atio ns

DataData

Appl icat ion s Appl icat ion s

DataData

Appl icat ion s App lic atio ns

CloudCloud

WirelessSensor

Networks


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Real virtual and digital worlds

Source: University of Tokyo -Virtual-reality system

Bridging the real, virtualand digital worlds by using

wireless connectivity.

WirelessWirelessConnectivityConnectivity


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Real virtual and digital worldsConnecting real, virtual and digital worldsThe challenge:

Linking smart wireless identifiable devices and RFID data withvirtual worlds software programs

Transfer positions of real persons and real things into the

virtual world.Enable the smart wireless devices to trigger actions in thereal world.

Source: Dell

Residents can go to the virtual factory,customize their Dell and purchase, andtheir PC arrives at their real-life door.

Connecting virtual reality with real world commerce"

Connecting Consumers Virtual Lives with Their Real World Needs


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Real virtual and digital worldsPhysical world embedded with:

RFID, smart wireless identifiabledevices, novel materials, processingunits.MEMS, NEMS, micro/nano robots,computational particles

Wired and wireless networks

Ubiquitous smart/intelligentthings/objects

Things capable of computing andcommunicatingThings able to be connected toeverythingSmart things behaving with certainintelligence

Ubiquitous intelligenceBeing a ubiquitous existenceResiding in everyday objects,environments, etc.Man-made and natural things


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Wireless Smart System Applications Automotives

AeronauticsInformation and Telecommunication (ITC)Medical Technologies

Logistics and object mobility and management

Chrysler


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Real virtual and digital home

Source: Intel


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RFID in the Office and BuildingsSensor data collectionExploit moving nodesExploit network codingfor efficiency

Intelligent BuildingsRFID Integration

Intelligent BuildingsRFID Integration


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WSN RFID in Oil and Gas Industry

Source: StatoilHydro

Wireless instrumentation for Installations in remote and hostile areas

Temporary installationsEase of scalabilityRedundant data collection for productionoptimization

RFID and WSN for PersonnelEquipmentContainersDrilling toolsMonitoringMaintenance


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Roads Bridges and RFIDStrain Sensing System Using13.56MHz passive-type Sensor-Integrated RFID.The system, measures the changesand deformation caused by varioustypes of deterioration and loading onthe structure, without using a

battery.Embedded RFID sensor that isintegrated within the concreteMeasurements at a strain resolution

level of approximately 10X10-6.Using a thermistor, the systemsimultaneously measurestemperature and can account for

deformation caused by temperature. Source: Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.

Measures the sensor (white taping area on steel) fromRFID tag (in blue) with a portable reader/writer withcontrol PC

Efficient maintenance and management of roads, bridgesand public housing. Concrete and steel structuresmonitoring due to everyday traffic, wind and earth

pressure and earthquakes


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Real virtual and digital healthcare

Source: CARDIONET

Mobile cardiac telemetry monitoring platform24/7/365 patient freedom to go anywhere at anytime


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RFID

Real Time Location SystemsIntelligent long range active RFID systems toidentify, locate and track assets at a distance of upto 100m and to deliver superior real time visibility indynamic, demanding environments.Long range (100m) RFID tag not with read/writecapability, and 360 visibility of wireless regardlessof tag orientation.Features:

Sensor location layout mapPlanned number of readers and access point antennasPlacement of active RFID Tags on the assets.


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Future Internet

New things

Knowledge Integration

Society

New business

New social networks

New servicesNew communication

workshop iot oslo 11 september 2009 o. vermesan sintef

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