workshop - international electrotechnical...

20062006--0909--1313 IEC/TC56 Dependability Workshop IEC/TC56 Dependability Workshop London, EnglandLondon, England

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LondonEngland2006

Dependability Dependability WorkshopWorkshop

Host: BSIHost: BSIProgrammeProgramme: IEC/TC56: IEC/TC56

Sponsor: DTISponsor: DTI


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LondonEngland2006 ThemeTheme

DependabilityDependabilitythe catalyst for International the catalyst for International

standardization to realize product standardization to realize product reliability performance and reliability performance and

facilitate global market facilitate global market competitioncompetition


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LondonEngland2006 ProgrammeProgramme

14001400--14151415 Registration Registration 14151415--14201420 Welcoming notes (BSI Host)Welcoming notes (BSI Host)14201420--14301430 Participants introductionParticipants introduction14301430--14351435 Overview of the TC56 Dependability Workshop (TC56 Chairman) Overview of the TC56 Dependability Workshop (TC56 Chairman) 14351435--15001500 Dependability standardization for product assessment Dependability standardization for product assessment

and achievementand achievementSpeaker: Speaker: ValterValter Loll (Denmark), Convenor, IEC/TC56/WG2: Dependability techniqueLoll (Denmark), Convenor, IEC/TC56/WG2: Dependability techniques; s; Scientist, Quality and Reliability development, Nokia Mobile PhoScientist, Quality and Reliability development, Nokia Mobile Phones R&D, Denmarknes R&D, Denmark

15001500--15251525 Engineering dependability into systemsEngineering dependability into systemsSpeaker: David Kiang (Canada), Convenor, IEC/TC56/WG4 Systems asSpeaker: David Kiang (Canada), Convenor, IEC/TC56/WG4 Systems aspects of pects of dependability; dependability; Principal, T.D. Kiang & Associates, CanadaPrincipal, T.D. Kiang & Associates, Canada

15251525--16001600 Tea breakTea break16001600--16251625 Managing project risks to sustaining business successManaging project risks to sustaining business success

Speaker: Tom Van Speaker: Tom Van HardeveldHardeveld (Canada), Convenor, IEC/TC56/WG3 Dependability (Canada), Convenor, IEC/TC56/WG3 Dependability management; President, Strategic Maintenance Solutions Inc, Canamanagement; President, Strategic Maintenance Solutions Inc, Canadada

16251625--16501650 UK MOD approach to improving reliabilityUK MOD approach to improving reliabilityKeynote speaker: Keynote speaker: Richard Denning (UK), Head of Reliability Policy, Richard Denning (UK), Head of Reliability Policy, UK Ministry of UK Ministry of DefenceDefence

16501650--17501750 Workshop discussionWorkshop discussion17501750--17551755 Certificate for participation (TC56 Chairman/Secretary) Certificate for participation (TC56 Chairman/Secretary) 17551755--18001800 Thanking the host and participants (TC56 Chairman) Thanking the host and participants (TC56 Chairman) 18001800--21002100 Host reception for networkingHost reception for networking


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Dependability Dependability Workshop OverviewWorkshop Overview

Geoff AlsteadGeoff AlsteadGCA CONSULTANCYGCA CONSULTANCY

International Electrotechnical CommissionInternational Electrotechnical CommissionTechnical Committee 56 ChairmanTechnical Committee 56 Chairman

Alstead@[email protected]


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LondonEngland2006 IEC TC 56 IEC TC 56

The Terms of reference for TC56 are:The Terms of reference for TC56 are:

!! To prepare international standards in To prepare international standards in the field of dependabilitythe field of dependability

!! Dependability covers availability Dependability covers availability performance and its influencing factors:performance and its influencing factors:

•• Reliability performanceReliability performance•• Maintainability performanceMaintainability performance•• Maintenance support performanceMaintenance support performance


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LondonEngland2006 Purpose of Purpose of Dependability SeminarDependability Seminar

!! To provide insight into the application To provide insight into the application and cost effectiveness of the IEC TC and cost effectiveness of the IEC TC 56 International Standards56 International Standards

!! To describe the potential benefits of To describe the potential benefits of the standards to practitionersthe standards to practitioners

!! To share practical experience of the To share practical experience of the application of dependability standardsapplication of dependability standards


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LondonEngland2006 PresentationsPresentations

!! The presentations are being given by The presentations are being given by National Experts who have been National Experts who have been involved with the development of the involved with the development of the standardsstandards

!! The experts are practitioners in the The experts are practitioners in the field of dependabilityfield of dependability


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LondonEngland2006 WorkshopsWorkshops

The objective of the workshops is The objective of the workshops is twofold:twofold:

•• to provide practical examples of the to provide practical examples of the application of the standardsapplication of the standards

•• to receive feedback on what you to receive feedback on what you would like to see in the standardswould like to see in the standards


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LondonEngland2006 ConclusionsConclusions

!! Dependability is important throughout Dependability is important throughout the lifethe life--cycle of a product/system cycle of a product/system

!! Dependability must be applied on a Dependability must be applied on a timely basis to add valuetimely basis to add value

!! This seminar is aimed at sharing the This seminar is aimed at sharing the technical knowledge and practical technical knowledge and practical experience on costexperience on cost--effective application effective application of standards to achieve dependability of standards to achieve dependability to meet your needsto meet your needs


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LondonEngland2006 Dependability Dependability standardization for standardization for product assessment product assessment

and achievementand achievementValterValter Loll Loll

ConvenorConvenor, IEC/TC56/WG2, IEC/TC56/WG2Scientist, Quality & Reliability Development Scientist, Quality & Reliability Development

Nokia Mobile Phones R&DNokia Mobile Phones R&DDenmark Denmark

[email protected]@nokia.com


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LondonEngland2006 WhyWhy DependabilityDependability ??

!! Dependability like Quality is an Dependability like Quality is an ““Umbrella termUmbrella term””

QUALITY

DEPENDABILITYRISK

RISK0-hourfailures

Qualitycosts Reliability

AvailabilityMaintainabilityMaintenance Support


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WhyWhy useuse standards ?standards ?!! CommonCommon terminologyterminology!! CommonCommon methodsmethods / procedures/ procedures!! CommonCommon statisticalstatistical toolstools!! ReviewedReviewed, , approvedapproved and and

maintainedmaintained by by expertsexperts from 23 from 23 countriescountries

!! Promote Promote tradetrade onon equalequal and and transparanttransparant terms. terms. ReduceReduce risksrisksand and reducesreduces transactiontransaction costscosts


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LondonEngland2006 General General terminologyterminology

!! PNWI PNWI –– Potential New Potential New WorkWork ItemItem!! CD CD –– CommitteeCommittee DraftDraft!! CDV CDV –– CommitteeCommittee draftdraft withwith votingvoting!! FDIS FDIS –– Final Final DraftDraft International International

StandardStandard!! # Covers # Covers constantconstant-- and non and non constantconstant

failurefailure rate / rate / failurefailure intensityintensity!! * * beingbeing updatedupdated


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LondonEngland2006 SummarySummary

!! How the IEC standards can be applied How the IEC standards can be applied throughout a product life cycle from idea to throughout a product life cycle from idea to scrappingscrapping

!! Management Management levellevel!! Specifications / contractSpecifications / contract!! System design System design –– Specification breakdownSpecification breakdown!! Design and analysisDesign and analysis!! Test Test –– Verification and ValidationVerification and Validation!! ManufacturingManufacturing!! MarketMarket feedfeed back back –– Operation Operation ––

MaintenanceMaintenance -- MaintenanceMaintenance supportsupport!! DecommisioningDecommisioning –– scrappingscrapping -- ReuseReuse


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1 1 -- Management Management levellevel

!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--9 9 RiskRisk AnalysisAnalysis **!! IEC 62198 Project IEC 62198 Project RiskRisk ManagemManagem. * . * !! IEC 60300IEC 60300--1 1 DependabilityDependability ProgrProgr. .

ManagmManagm. interface to ISO 9001 and . interface to ISO 9001 and 90049004

!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--2 2 Dep.Managm.ProgramsDep.Managm.Programs!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--1 1 Dep.ManagmDep.Managm. . AnalysisAnalysis

TechniquesTechniques..!! IEC 61713 SW IEC 61713 SW DepDep. ...Life . ...Life CycleCycle

ProcessesProcesses


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2 2 -- Specifications / contractSpecifications / contract!! IEC 60050IEC 60050--191 191 VocabularyVocabulary

DependabilityDependability **!! IEC 61703 IEC 61703 MathematicalMathematical expressionsexpressions

for for DepDep. support terms. support terms!! IEC 62347 IEC 62347 GuidanceGuidance onon system system

dependabilitydependability specificationsspecifications (CDV)(CDV)!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--4 4 SpecificationsSpecifications ofof

system system DependabilityDependability RequirementsRequirements(CDV)(CDV)

!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--3 Life 3 Life CycleCycle CostingCosting


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LondonEngland2006 3 3 -- System design System design Specification breakdownSpecification breakdown

!! IEC 62347 System IEC 62347 System DepDep. . SpecsSpecs (CDV)(CDV)!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--15 Eng.Syst.Dep.(CD1)#15 Eng.Syst.Dep.(CD1)#!! IEC60706IEC60706--2 2 MaintainabilityMaintainability in design in design

phasephase (FDIS) # (FDIS) # !! IEC 61078 IEC 61078 ReliabilityReliability BlockBlock DiagramsDiagrams!! IEC 60319 IEC 60319 PresentationPresentation ofof

((componentcomponent) ) reliabilityreliability datadata


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LondonEngland2006 4 4 -- Design and analysisDesign and analysis

!! IEC 61160 Design IEC 61160 Design ReviewReview!! IEC 601812 IEC 601812 FailureFailure Mode Mode Eff.Anal.(FMEAEff.Anal.(FMEA))!! IEC 61025 IEC 61025 FaultFault TreeTree AnalysisAnalysis (FTA)*(FTA)*!! IEC 61165 IEC 61165 MarkovMarkov TechniquesTechniques!! IEC 61882 HAZOPIEC 61882 HAZOP!! IEC 62308 IEC 62308 AsessmentAsessment ofof ReliabilityReliability ofof

Equipm.(CDVEquipm.(CDV)#)#!! IEC 61709 IEC 61709 El.CompEl.Comp. Ref. . Ref. ConditionsConditions!! IEC 62380 IEC 62380 El.CompEl.Comp. . FailureFailure Rates & Life #Rates & Life #!! IEC 61650 IEC 61650 ComparisionComparision ofof FailureFailure ratesrates!! IEC 60605IEC 60605--4 4 ExponentialExponential DistrDistr. . EstimatesEstimates

and and ConfConf. limits . limits


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LondonEngland2006 5 5 -- Test Test Verification and ValidationVerification and Validation

!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--5 Test 5 Test CondCond. & Stat. . & Stat. ToolsTools ##!! IEC 61014 IEC 61014 Rel.GrowthRel.Growth ##!! IEC 62429 IEC 62429 GrowthGrowth test test ofof large HW/SW systems (CDV)#large HW/SW systems (CDV)#!! IEC 61123 Test Plans IEC 61123 Test Plans SuccessSuccess ratioratio!! IEC 61124 Test Plans IEC 61124 Test Plans ConstConst. . FailFail. Rate / . Rate / IntensityIntensity!! IEC 60605IEC 60605--2 Design 2 Design ofof test test cyclescycles!! IEC 60605IEC 60605--33--1 to 606051 to 60605--33--6 6 FixedFixed test test cyclescycles!! IEC 61164 IEC 61164 Rel.GrowthRel.Growth-- Stat. Stat. tooltool and and estimationestimation ##!! IEC 61070 Test Plans for IEC 61070 Test Plans for steadysteady statestate AvailabilityAvailability!! IEC 61649 IEC 61649 WeibullWeibull AnalysisAnalysis (CDV) #(CDV) #!! IEC 60721 Series IEC 60721 Series –– EnvironmentalEnvironmental and and climaticclimatic condcond. *. *!! IEC 60068 Series IEC 60068 Series –– EnvironmentalEnvironmental tests *tests *!! IEC 61710 GOF for IEC 61710 GOF for thethe Power Power LawLaw Model #Model #!! IEC 62XXX PNWI IEC 62XXX PNWI AcceleratedAccelerated testingtesting ##


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LondonEngland2006 6 6 -- ManufacturingManufacturing

!! IEC 60812 IEC 60812 FailureFailure Mode Mode EffectEffect Anal. (FMEA)Anal. (FMEA)!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--7 7 RelRel. Stress . Stress ScreeningScreening--HWHW **!! IEC 61163IEC 61163--1 1 Rel.StressRel.Stress ScrScr. . ofof RepRep. . LotsLots ##!! IEC 61163IEC 61163--2 2 Rel.StressRel.Stress ScrScr. . ofof CompComp. #. #!! IEC 60410 Sample Plans for IEC 60410 Sample Plans for componentscomponents!! ISO 7870 Series ISO 7870 Series -- ControlControl ChartsCharts!! ISO 7966 ISO 7966 AcceptanceAcceptance controlcontrol ChartsCharts!! ISO 8258 ISO 8258 ShewhartShewhart controlcontrol chartscharts!! ISO TR 7871 ISO TR 7871 CumulativeCumulative sum sum chartscharts


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7 7 -- MarketMarket feedfeed back back ––Operation Operation –– MaintenanceMaintenance ––MaintenanceMaintenance supportsupport

!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--2 Field Data analyses2 Field Data analyses!! IEC 61014 IEC 61014 RelRel GrowthGrowth ##!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--10 10 MaintainabilityMaintainability!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--22--12 12 IntegratedIntegrated LogisticLogistic SupportSupport!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--14 14 MaintenanceMaintenance supportsupport!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--11 11 ReliabilityReliability CenteredCentered MaintMaint. # . # !! IEC 61070 IEC 61070 SteadySteady StateState AvailabilityAvailability!! IEC 61710 Power IEC 61710 Power LawLaw ##!! IEC 60605IEC 60605--6 6 ValidityValidity ofof ConstantConstant FailureFailure Rate Rate

AssumptionAssumption ##!! IEC 61164 IEC 61164 RelRel. . GrowthGrowth-- Stat. Stat. ToolTool ##!! IEC 60706IEC 60706--3 3 MaintainabilityMaintainability VerificationVerification!! IEC60706IEC60706--5 5 DiagnosticDiagnostic TestingTesting


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LondonEngland2006 8 8 -- DecommisioningDecommisioning ––

scrappingscrapping -- ReuseReuse

!! IEC 62402 IEC 62402 ObsolescenceObsolescenceManagementManagement

!! IEC 62309 IEC 62309 ReusedReused Parts #Parts #


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!! There exist IEC and ISO standards There exist IEC and ISO standards that covers the whole life cycle of a that covers the whole life cycle of a product from idea to scrappingproduct from idea to scrapping

!! TheseThese standards standards areare keptkept updatedupdated by by expertsexperts from 23 from 23 countriescountries

!! TheseThese standards cover standards cover bothboth constantconstantas as wellwell as non as non constantconstant failurefailure rate / rate / failurefailure intensityintensity. .

!! During maintenance of the standards During maintenance of the standards more guidance should be given for more guidance should be given for non constant failure rate / failure non constant failure rate / failure intensityintensity


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Engineering Engineering Dependability Into Dependability Into

SystemsSystemsDavid KiangDavid Kiang

ConvenorConvenor, IEC/TC56/WG4, IEC/TC56/WG4T.D. Kiang & AssociatesT.D. Kiang & Associates

[email protected]@rogers.com


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ObjectivesObjectives!! To define system and life cycleTo define system and life cycle

!! To identify dependability attributes To identify dependability attributes

!! To present an approach for engineering To present an approach for engineering dependability into systems dependability into systems

!! To outline practical methods for system To outline practical methods for system dependability achievementsdependability achievements

Ref: FDIS/IEC 62347 Guidance on system dependability specificationsCD2/IEC 60300-3-15 Guidance to engineering of system dependability


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LondonEngland2006 Defining SystemDefining System

A system is a bounded physical/virtual entity consisting of interacting elements operating in an environment to achieve a defined objective.

System boundary

SystemInputs

Outputsto meet specific objective

Interacting systems

Environment

S/W element

H/W element

Interacting elements

Human element


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LondonEngland2006 What is a System?What is a System?

!! A system is a set of interacting elementsA system is a set of interacting elements

!! A system can be simple or complex irrespective of its size or A system can be simple or complex irrespective of its size or dimensiondimension

!! A system is constructed with interacting system functions A system is constructed with interacting system functions consisting of hardware, software and human elements to achieve consisting of hardware, software and human elements to achieve system performance objectivessystem performance objectives

!! A commercialA commercial--offoff--thethe--shelf product can be used as a system shelf product can be used as a system functionfunction

!! A system can link to other systems to form a networkA system can link to other systems to form a network

!! The boundaries separating a product from a system, and a The boundaries separating a product from a system, and a system from a network, can be distinguished by defining the system from a network, can be distinguished by defining the application of the entityapplication of the entity

!! A digital timer as a product can be used to synchronize the A digital timer as a product can be used to synchronize the operation of a computer; the computer as a system can be linked operation of a computer; the computer as a system can be linked with other computers in a business office for communications as with other computers in a business office for communications as a local area network.a local area network.


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LondonEngland2006 Life Cycle ModelsLife Cycle Models

InstallationManufacturingDesign/

DevelopmentConcept/Definition

DisposalOperation/Maintenance

Waterfall model for product life cycle in project management

Retirement/DecommissionOperation/

MaintenanceRealization/Implementation

Design/Development

Concept/Definition

Evolutionary model for engineering in system life cycle processes

Enhancement /Legacy

Operation/MaintenanceRealization/Implementation

Design/Development

Concept/Definition

Spiral model to deal with network life cycle growth for sustained servicesGrowth/Obsolescence


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LondonEngland2006 Life Cycle RelationshipsLife Cycle Relationships

InstallationManufacturingDesign/

DevelopmentConcept/Definition

DisposalOperation/Maintenance

Waterfall model for product life cycle in project management

Retirement/Decommission

Enhancement /LegacyOperation/

MaintenanceRealization/Implementation

Design/Development

Concept/Definition

Evolutionary model for engineering in system life cycle processes

Growth/Obsolescence

Operation/MaintenanceRealization/Implementation

Design/Development

Concept/Definition

Spiral model to deal with network life cycle growth for sustained services


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LondonEngland2006 Dependability of Dependability of

a Systema System!! Dependability is the ability of a system to perform as and Dependability is the ability of a system to perform as and

when required to meet specific objectiveswhen required to meet specific objectives

!! System dependability infers that the system is trustworthy System dependability infers that the system is trustworthy and capable of performing the desirable service upon demand and capable of performing the desirable service upon demand to satisfy user needsto satisfy user needs

!! Dependability is a system property with attributes and Dependability is a system property with attributes and performance related characteristicsperformance related characteristics

!! Dependability attributes include availability, reliability, Dependability attributes include availability, reliability, maintainability and maintenance supportmaintainability and maintenance support

!! Other system dependability related attributes may include Other system dependability related attributes may include recoverability, testability, service accessibility and service recoverability, testability, service accessibility and service retainabilityretainability


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LondonEngland2006 Process ApproachProcess Approach

! The process activities transform or convert the primary inputs to the desired outputs

! The outputs consist of processed data describing a desired solution such as a specification, the fabrication of a product, or the delivery of a service

! Some influencing factors are controllable, others may be uncontrollable! Enabling mechanisms are essential for the conversion to take effects

ProcessInputs(data/material)

Outputs(processed data,products/services)

Enabling mechanisms(human/material resources,

tools and methods)

Influencing factors(procedures, regulations, constraints, limitations)


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System Properties System Properties and Characteristicsand Characteristics

System properties

Functionality

Performance

Operability

Dependability

Supportability

Application specifics

•capability•capacity•coverage•configurability•programmability•expandability

•access•interface•user friendly•simplicity•robustness

•serviceability•upgradeability•disposability

•adequacy•precision•response time•repeatability

•availability•reliability•maintainability•maintenance support

•safety•security•immunity


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Influencing Influencing ConditionsConditions

Influencing conditions Task requirements

Human interaction

Process Environment Support services

Utilities Interacting system

Others factors

Nature Command authorized

Input/output Temperature Maintenance Power Boundary Economic constraints

Scope Unauthorized Modes

Humidity Documentation Fuel protocol Regulations Constraints

Duration Job defined stages Vibration Technical support

Energy interference Technical novelty

Sequence Training Cycles Shock Parts Public dependency novelty of operation

Mode of operation

Skills Failure protocol

Pressure Special tools Private Complexity

Start-up Interfaces Radiation Maintenance access

Communications Number of systems

Normal

Contaminations

Emergency

Storage

Shut-down

Transports

•• Support services available for system• Utilities needed to operate the system• External interacting systems• Constraints and regulations

•• Task requirements imposed on system• Human interface with the system• Process involved with system operation• Environment to which system is exposed

Influ

enci

ng fa

ctor

s


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Aspects of Engineering Aspects of Engineering Dependability into SystemsDependability into Systems

!! Dependability Dependability processprocessestablishes the technical processes for engineering establishes the technical processes for engineering dependability into systemsdependability into systems

!! Dependability Dependability achievementachievementimplements the effective engineering effort and knowledge implements the effective engineering effort and knowledge experience applied at appropriate system life cycle stagesexperience applied at appropriate system life cycle stages

!! Dependability Dependability assessmentassessmentevaluates the dependability attributes and determines evaluates the dependability attributes and determines their effectiveness when implemented into systemstheir effectiveness when implemented into systems

!! Dependability Dependability measurementmeasurementquantifies the dependability attributes for contractingquantifies the dependability attributes for contracting


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System Life Cycle System Life Cycle ProcessesProcesses

Major decision points(as part of the Gate Review Process)

Requirements definition

Requirements analysis

Market needs for new system

Concept/definition

Realization

Integration

Verification

Installation/transition

Validation/commissioning

Realization/ implementation

Maintenance support

System operation

Operation/maintenance

System design and subsystemdevelopment

Architectural design

Functional design/evaluation

System design documentation

Design/development

System enhancement

Enhancement

System retirement/ decommissioning

Retirement/decommission


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Dependability Dependability AchievementsAchievements

!! Criteria to reflectCriteria to reflect•• A sound understanding of system A sound understanding of system performanceperformance objectivesobjectives•• Effective implementation of Effective implementation of dependability principlesdependability principles into the operational into the operational

infrastructure: infrastructure: dependability management policy, supplydependability management policy, supply--chain cooperationchain cooperation•• Application of appropriate Application of appropriate processesprocesses for system realization: for system realization:

!! Design architectureDesign architecture!! Enabling systemsEnabling systems

•• Utilization of Utilization of knowledgeknowledge and and experienceexperience for introduction of system servicesfor introduction of system services

!! MethodologyMethodology•• TopTop--down approachdown approach to synthesize system dependability based on specified to synthesize system dependability based on specified

system requirements and market information to develop the systemsystem requirements and market information to develop the systemarchitecturearchitecture

•• BottomBottom--up approachup approach to build dependability into system functions based on to build dependability into system functions based on dependability design rules for simplification, fault tolerance, dependability design rules for simplification, fault tolerance, risk reduction and risk reduction and mitigation.mitigation.

•• Realization of system functionsRealization of system functions by by means of combined hardware, software, and means of combined hardware, software, and human elements to achieve specific system performance objectiveshuman elements to achieve specific system performance objectives

•• Technical approachesTechnical approaches to include demonstration, inference, progressive evidenceto include demonstration, inference, progressive evidence


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Dependability Dependability AssessmentsAssessments

!! Assessments at major decision pointsAssessments at major decision points•• Market identification:Market identification: identify market needs to justify investments for new identify market needs to justify investments for new

system development or enhancing an existing system for competitisystem development or enhancing an existing system for competition.on.•• System design and developmentSystem design and development:: rationalize the system design approach and rationalize the system design approach and

evaluate design alternatives and options.evaluate design alternatives and options.•• System realization and implementation:System realization and implementation: execute makeexecute make--buy decisions for buy decisions for

acquisition and deployment of subsystem elements, and to implemeacquisition and deployment of subsystem elements, and to implement resource nt resource commitments for system construction and integration.commitments for system construction and integration.

•• System acceptance for inSystem acceptance for in--service operation:service operation: assure customer confidence for assure customer confidence for system acceptance.system acceptance.

•• System enhancement:System enhancement: justify investment for enhancement, or upgrading of the justify investment for enhancement, or upgrading of the existing system.existing system.

•• System retirement:System retirement: retire the system for service.retire the system for service.

!! MethodologyMethodology•• Verification:Verification: confirming the assessment results to support major decision poiconfirming the assessment results to support major decision points nts

at each system life cycle stage. at each system life cycle stage. •• Validation:Validation: provides objective evidence that the system meets the actual provides objective evidence that the system meets the actual

requirements and satisfies user expectations.requirements and satisfies user expectations.•• Approaches:Approaches: analytical, experimental, consultative, negotiatedanalytical, experimental, consultative, negotiated•• Strategy:Strategy: application focus, technology focusapplication focus, technology focus


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Dependability Dependability MeasurementsMeasurements

!! Classification of measurementsClassification of measurements•• Measurement of inherent system dependability attributes:Measurement of inherent system dependability attributes: assign numerical figureassign numerical figure--ofof--

merits to represent the inherent dependability attributes of themerits to represent the inherent dependability attributes of the system.system.•• Measurement of system dependability for performance evaluation aMeasurement of system dependability for performance evaluation and innd in--service operation:service operation:

assign a number to designate system dependability performance inassign a number to designate system dependability performance in actual operation.actual operation.•• Measurement of system dependability for performance improvementsMeasurement of system dependability for performance improvements:: assign value to assign value to

quantify and qualify the degree of customer satisfaction, or to quantify and qualify the degree of customer satisfaction, or to determine the extent of determine the extent of customer value for performance improvements.customer value for performance improvements.

•• Measurement of system dependability for risk exposures:Measurement of system dependability for risk exposures: assign numerical values to assign numerical values to indicate the extent of risk exposures for safety and security syindicate the extent of risk exposures for safety and security system applications.stem applications.

!! MethodologyMethodology•• Sources of measurements:Sources of measurements: direct performance testing under simulated conditions; actual direct performance testing under simulated conditions; actual

operating environment where the relevant data can be collected; operating environment where the relevant data can be collected; predictions based on field predictions based on field performance history of similar systemsperformance history of similar systems

•• Enabling systems for dependability measurements:Enabling systems for dependability measurements: Failure reporting, analysis and Failure reporting, analysis and correction action system, Test yield data acquisition system, Incorrection action system, Test yield data acquisition system, Incidents reporting, Spares cidents reporting, Spares provisioning system, Information feedback systemprovisioning system, Information feedback system

•• Interpretation of dependability measurements:Interpretation of dependability measurements:!! The acquisition and collection of relevant data should provide vThe acquisition and collection of relevant data should provide value to meet current alue to meet current

project needs. project needs. !! The transcribed measurements and interpreted results should presThe transcribed measurements and interpreted results should present logical ent logical

conclusion for recommended actions.conclusion for recommended actions.!! The dependability problems identified should address the criticaThe dependability problems identified should address the criticality of the issues at lity of the issues at

hand to alert management actions.hand to alert management actions.


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LondonEngland2006 Methods and ToolsMethods and Tools

!! System dependability applicationsSystem dependability applications•• R&M case; Reliability growthR&M case; Reliability growth

!! Hardware design applicationsHardware design applications•• R&M enhancement; Logistic support improvementR&M enhancement; Logistic support improvement

!! Software design applicationsSoftware design applications•• Structured methods; Functional decomposition; CASE toolsStructured methods; Functional decomposition; CASE tools

!! Environmental design applicationsEnvironmental design applications•• EMC budgeting; thermal budgetingEMC budgeting; thermal budgeting

!! Human factors design applicationsHuman factors design applications!! Enabling and supporting systems applicationsEnabling and supporting systems applications!! Project tailoringProject tailoring

•• Product design checklistProduct design checklist•• COTS product evaluation checklist COTS product evaluation checklist •• Project implementation checklistProject implementation checklist

Ref:CD2/IEC 60300-3-15 Guidance to engineering of system dependability


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!! Designing for Designing for application environmentsapplication environments by considering by considering emcemc, climatic, mechanical influences on system designs , climatic, mechanical influences on system designs and architectural construction and architectural construction

!! Project Project tailoringtailoring and progressive assessments for and progressive assessments for system realization and performance assurancesystem realization and performance assurance

!! Selection and application of Selection and application of appropriate combinationappropriate combination of of hardware/software/human elements for costhardware/software/human elements for cost--effective effective implementationimplementation

!! CoordinationCoordination with suppliers and customerswith suppliers and customers!! Focusing on Focusing on customer needscustomer needs and user friendly services and user friendly services !! Systems Systems agilityagility for capability enhancementfor capability enhancement!! Build appropriate Build appropriate infrastructureinfrastructure for sustained operation for sustained operation

and service improvementand service improvement


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Managing Project RisksManaging Project Risksto Sustaining Business to Sustaining Business

SuccessSuccessTom Van Hardeveld, Tom Van Hardeveld, P.EngP.Eng..ConvenorConvenor, IEC/TC56/WG3 , IEC/TC56/WG3

Strategic Maintenance SolutionsStrategic Maintenance SolutionsCanada Canada

[email protected]@pathcom.ca


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ObjectivesObjectives!! Importance of dependability in staying Importance of dependability in staying

out of troubleout of trouble!! Relationship between dependability and Relationship between dependability and

riskrisk!! Identifying dependability problems Identifying dependability problems

through risk assessmentthrough risk assessment!! Risk standards for dependabilityRisk standards for dependability


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Staying Out Of TroubleStaying Out Of Trouble

!! Dependability as fundamental Dependability as fundamental characteristic of success for systems and characteristic of success for systems and equipmentequipment

!! Dependability and life cycle approachDependability and life cycle approach!! Management of risk as a method for Management of risk as a method for

ensuring dependabilityensuring dependability


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Definitions Of RiskDefinitions Of Risk!! Guide 51: combination of the probability Guide 51: combination of the probability

of occurrence of harm and the severity of of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harmthat harm

!! Guide 73: combination of the probability Guide 73: combination of the probability of an event and its consequences. (Note of an event and its consequences. (Note the term risk is used when there is at the term risk is used when there is at least the possibility of one negative least the possibility of one negative consequence.)consequence.)


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ISO Risk Management ISO Risk Management ProcessProcess


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Dependability And RiskDependability And Risk!! ISO risk management initiativeISO risk management initiative!! IEC focus on risk assessmentIEC focus on risk assessment!! Project risk management as a part of Project risk management as a part of

dependability managementdependability management!! Dependability risk related to:Dependability risk related to:

•• Loss of function and unavailability Loss of function and unavailability consequencesconsequences

•• Financial consequencesFinancial consequences•• Safety consequencesSafety consequences


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Identifying Dependability Identifying Dependability Problems In The Life CycleProblems In The Life Cycle

!! Design and development phase:Design and development phase:•• Reliability analysisReliability analysis•• Maintainability analysisMaintainability analysis•• Safety consequencesSafety consequences

!! Manufacturing and installationManufacturing and installation•• Reliability and maintainability verificationReliability and maintainability verification

!! Operation and maintenanceOperation and maintenance•• Reliability monitoring and improvementReliability monitoring and improvement•• Maintenance monitoring and improvementMaintenance monitoring and improvement


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Dependability Risk Dependability Risk StandardsStandards

!! IEC 62198 Project risk managementIEC 62198 Project risk management!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--9 Risk analysis of 9 Risk analysis of

technological systemstechnological systems!! Strong link to IEC 61508 Functional Strong link to IEC 61508 Functional

safety of electrical/electronic/ safety of electrical/electronic/ programmable electronic (E/E/PE) safetyprogrammable electronic (E/E/PE) safety--related systemsrelated systems


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StandardsStandards!! Reliability analysis standards for:Reliability analysis standards for:

•• IEC 60812 Failure modes and effects analysis IEC 60812 Failure modes and effects analysis ( FMEA/FMECA)( FMEA/FMECA)

•• IEC 61025 Fault tree analysisIEC 61025 Fault tree analysis•• IEC 61078 Reliability block diagramIEC 61078 Reliability block diagram•• IEC 61165 Markov analysisIEC 61165 Markov analysis

!! IEC 61882 Hazard and operability studiesIEC 61882 Hazard and operability studies!! IEC 60300IEC 60300--33--11 Reliability 11 Reliability centredcentred

maintenancemaintenance


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Risk ManagementRisk Management!! High level identification of risk areasHigh level identification of risk areas!! Probabilistic assessment of specific risksProbabilistic assessment of specific risks!! Integrated risk matrixIntegrated risk matrix

Loss of life (1)

Major injury

Minor injury

Widespread pollution

Small spill or release Minor outage lessthan 1 day

Financial impact lessthan $10k

Seve

rity

poin

t sca

le10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

Loss of life (10)

First aid

Minor spill with cleanup

Major spill with cleanup

Major outage up to1 week

Major outage morethan 1 week


Financial impact lessthan $1 million

Financial impact lessthan $10 million


Health and safety Environment Production Financial

Consequence categories


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ConclusionsConclusions

!! Risk is closely tied to dependabilityRisk is closely tied to dependability!! Risk management applies to the entire life Risk management applies to the entire life

cyclecycle!! General risk management process has to be General risk management process has to be

tailoredtailored!! Dependability risk standards exist and are Dependability risk standards exist and are

generally applicablegenerally applicable


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UK MOD Approach to Improving Reliability

Richard Denning

Technical Enabling ServicesReliability & Maintenance Group

Technical Delivery

[email protected]

The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Ministry of Defence.

The views expressed are those of the authorand do not necessarily represent those of

the Ministry of Defence.

Disclaimer

Programme

• Background• History• Our approach• Recent experience in-service• Our Standardization activities• The future

Background

• Annual budget ~ £14B on support/procurement

• R&M is important• Suite of internal standards

History

• Self Contained Industrial Capacity (<1914)• “Out Sourced” Manufacture (<1980)• Growth in Complexity• Marked interest in Reliability (>1970)• Prescriptive approach to R&M (>1999)• Non Prescriptive approach to R&M (>2000)

Why Prescription was not working

• Check list approach– No thought– Task lists not comprehensive– Inappropriate standards

• Task done ∴ system OK

R&M Case Approach

• Introduced in 1999• Similar to Safety Case• Requires progressive assurance• Reasoned argument that the product will

be/has acceptable R&M characteristics

3 Key stages

• Understanding the requirement• Planning and implementing a programme

of activities• Generating assurance• Continuous review that things are

progressing towards the requirement

Setting Requirements• How it will be used and pattern of usage.• Where it will be used.• Who will use it (skills, experience,

expectations).• Other systems it will have to interface or

operate with.• Who will maintain it/the maintenance policy.

PROGRESSIVE ASSURANCE - the concept

Example: A Project Requiring Development Work

Rel

iabi

lity

or M

aint

aina

bilit

y M

easu

reRequirement

Project Start

Time IntoProject

Acceptance

Unc

erta

inty

Uncertainty

x

y

z

R&M Case Report

• Summary of the case to date• Not a collection of task reports• Maybe contractual milestones• Does it give the reviewer sufficient

confidence that the programme is in a good state

In Service Example

Warrior Equipment Failures Top Cost Drivers

514514TOTALTOTAL

158180

8685

137

171993

33.4622.5518.1910.028.451.211.110.830.780.582.82

13.682.6

59.4112.98.410.311.050.240.560.10.74

ENGINETRANSMISSION

TRACKWHEELS

HULLWINCH

SUSPENSIONFAN ASSYS

APUFINAL DRIV

OTHER

Equipment Equipment Failure Failure Reports Reports

(1 Year)(1 Year)

IPT Spend as a IPT Spend as a Percentage of Percentage of

Total Total

(1 Year)(1 Year)

Spares Spares Demands as a Demands as a Percentage of Percentage of

Total Total (1 Year)(1 Year)

Warrior SubWarrior Sub--Assemble Assemble

Failure Failure BreakdownBreakdown

Fleet Size approx 760

Warrior CV8 Engine Failure / Usage Profile

8

2423

25

20

24

16 16

10

15 15

11

5

3

87 7

1

6

21

2

3836

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

< = 50 51-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700 701-800 801-900 901-1000 1001-1100 1101-1200 1201-1300

1301-1400

1401-1500

1501-1600

1601-1700

1701-1800

1801-1900

1901-2000

2001-2500

2501-3000

>3000

No

of E

ngin

e Fa

ilure

s

Time Since Major Overhaul

Warrior CV8 Engine Failure Modes

4.0

1.4

16.4

12.1

21.6

8.1

64.6

51.0

10.7

4.6

1.2

7.5

1.4

15.0

2.0

77.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Fault Type

Perc

enta

ge

Turbo Blade Failure

Excessive Wear

Dust / Debris Ingestion

Warrior Engine Filtration SystemWarrior Engine Filtration System

Centrisep Cyclone

Box

Barrier Filter

Scavenge

T/ChargerCyclone

Recommendations for Warrior

User Care

Maintenance

Reliability Improvements Increase Engine Air FiltrationSystem Performance

Optimise Maintenance routines

Provide training and improved guidance for maintainers

MOD Sponsored R&M Def Standards

Using Reliability Centred Maintenance to Manage Engineering Falures.DefStan 00-45Reliability and Maintainability data collection and classification. DefStan 00-44

Part 2 - Maintainability demonstrationDefStan 00-43

Part 5 - In service reliability demonstrationsPart 4 - TestabilityPart 3 - R&M CasePart 2 – SoftwareAssurance GuidesPart 1 - One shot devices/systemsDefStan 00-42Reliability & Maintainability MOD guide to practices & proceduresDefStan 00-41Part 7 - NATO R&M Terminology applicable to ARMP'sPart 6 - In service R&M

Part 4 - Guidance for writing NATO R&M requirements documents

Part 1 - Management responsibilities and requirements for programmes & plans

DefStan 00-40

MOD Involvement in ARMPs

NATO R&M Terminology Applicable to ARMPsARMP 7

In service R&MARMP 6

Guidance for writing NATO R&M requirements documentsARMP 4

Application of national R&M documentsARMP 3

General application guidance on the use of ARMP 1ARMP 2

NATO requirements for reliability and maintainabilityARMP 1

Future Standards

• Use non defence standards where ever possible

• Reduce standards to the minimum required (where Defence is different)

Conclusions•The Defence Equipment will continue to increase in complexity•Reliability will continue to be important•Reliability will continue to be difficult to achieve•Good standards, guidance and reference material will be need for the foreseeable future

Any Questions

• Defence Standards available fromwww.dstan.mod.uk

• Richard DenningEmail:[email protected]


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