worksen project.romania.2.eng

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WORKSEN PROJECTWORKSEN PROJECT

ROMANIA MEETINGROMANIA MEETING

““OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKETOPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKET””

20122012BUCHAREST/ROMANIABUCHAREST/ROMANIA

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WORKSEN PROJECTWORKSEN PROJECT

ROMANIA MEETINGROMANIA MEETING

““The United Nations Convention The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with on the Rights of Persons with

DisabilitiesDisabilities””

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EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN UNION

2003 was determined to be the European Year 2003 was determined to be the European Year of People of People

with Disabilities and throughout the year activities were with Disabilities and throughout the year activities were held about awareness and consciousness. In the same held about awareness and consciousness. In the same year, by announcing “The Equalization of Opportunities year, by announcing “The Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities” COM (2003), European for Persons with Disabilities” COM (2003), European Commission stressed that the barriers that disabled Commission stressed that the barriers that disabled people encounter in all the areas of life be identified and people encounter in all the areas of life be identified and the barriers to benefitting from equal opportunities for the barriers to benefitting from equal opportunities for disabled be eliminateddisabled be eliminated

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In the period until 2010, the most prominent framework In the period until 2010, the most prominent framework

document is the document is the “Disability Action Plan” “Disability Action Plan” of European of European Commission. The approach of European Union on the Commission. The approach of European Union on the subject of disability to rights was shaped around the subject of disability to rights was shaped around the centre of disability policies of United Nations and the centre of disability policies of United Nations and the demands of their disabled citizens on this issue. EU demands of their disabled citizens on this issue. EU Disability Strategy 2010-2020, legalised in December Disability Strategy 2010-2020, legalised in December 2010, presents actions and application mechanisms to 2010, presents actions and application mechanisms to improve the applicability of Declaration of the Rights of improve the applicability of Declaration of the Rights of Disabled Persons in member countries of EU.Disabled Persons in member countries of EU.

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European Union Employment StrategyEuropean Union Employment Strategy

European Union is an integration of various standards European Union is an integration of various standards and common policies. There are four major policies in and common policies. There are four major policies in European Union. These are: common agricultural policy, European Union. These are: common agricultural policy, common competition policy, common transportation and common competition policy, common transportation and trade policy, common social policy.trade policy, common social policy.

..

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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİAVRUPA BİRLİĞİ

The objectives of EU Employment StrategyThe objectives of EU Employment Strategy

Europe Employment Strategy was restructured between Europe Employment Strategy was restructured between the years of 2003 and 2006 and three factors were the years of 2003 and 2006 and three factors were brought forward consisting of full employment, quality brought forward consisting of full employment, quality and efficiency at work, social integration. In the and efficiency at work, social integration. In the framework of these factors, 10 objectives were framework of these factors, 10 objectives were determined for member countries to act towards an end. determined for member countries to act towards an end. These are: These are:

1.1.Active and preventive measures for the unemployed Active and preventive measures for the unemployed and inactive,and inactive,

2.2.Job-creation and entrepreneurship,Job-creation and entrepreneurship,

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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİAVRUPA BİRLİĞİ

The objectives of EU Employment StrategyThe objectives of EU Employment Strategy;; 3.3. Address change and promote adaptability and mobility in the labour Address change and promote adaptability and mobility in the labour

market,market,

4.4. Promote development of human capital and lifelong learning, Promote development of human capital and lifelong learning,

5.5. Increase labour supply and promote active ageing, Increase labour supply and promote active ageing,

6.6. Gender equality, Gender equality,

7.7. Promote the integration of and combat the discrimination Promote the integration of and combat the discrimination against people at a disadvantage in the labour market,against people at a disadvantage in the labour market,

8.8. Make work pay through incentives to enhance work attractiveness Make work pay through incentives to enhance work attractiveness

9.9. Transform undeclared work into regular employment, Transform undeclared work into regular employment,

10.10. Address regional employment disparities. Address regional employment disparities.

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“ “OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKETOPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKET.”.”

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OFTHE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEYTURKEY:: The disabled people’s right to education is guaranteed The disabled people’s right to education is guaranteed under the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. There under the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. There are various laws and legislative regulations concerning are various laws and legislative regulations concerning the education of disabled people.the education of disabled people.

According to the article 49 titled “Right and Duty to According to the article 49 titled “Right and Duty to Work” in “Social and Economic Right and Duties” in Work” in “Social and Economic Right and Duties” in Chapter Three of the Second Section of the Constitution, Chapter Three of the Second Section of the Constitution, “Everyone has the right and duty to work”. “Everyone has the right and duty to work”.

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THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OFTHE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEYTURKEY: : According to second clause of the article 50 under the title of According to second clause of the article 50 under the title of “Working Conditions and Right to Rest and Leisure”, “Minors, “Working Conditions and Right to Rest and Leisure”, “Minors, women and persons with physical or mental disabilities, shall enjoy women and persons with physical or mental disabilities, shall enjoy special protection with regard to working conditions”. special protection with regard to working conditions”.

According to the second clause of the article 61 under the title of According to the second clause of the article 61 under the title of “Persons Requiring Special Protection in the Field of Social “Persons Requiring Special Protection in the Field of Social Security”, it is stated that Security”, it is stated that “The State shall take measures to protect “The State shall take measures to protect the disabled and secure their integration into community lifethe disabled and secure their integration into community life..””

..

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““OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKETOPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKET.”.”

LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378

Turkish Law on Disabled PeopleTurkish Law on Disabled People was put into effect in was put into effect in July, 2005. The main objectives of this law are to prevent July, 2005. The main objectives of this law are to prevent disability, to enable the disabled people to join the disability, to enable the disabled people to join the society by taking measures which will provide the society by taking measures which will provide the solution of their problems regarding health, education, solution of their problems regarding health, education, rehabilitation, employment, care and social security and rehabilitation, employment, care and social security and the removal of the obstacles they face and to make the the removal of the obstacles they face and to make the necessary arrangements for the coordination of these necessary arrangements for the coordination of these services. services.

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LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 ::This law has two sections. In the first section, there are This law has two sections. In the first section, there are objectives, scope, definitions about disability and general objectives, scope, definitions about disability and general principles about people with disabilities. In section two; principles about people with disabilities. In section two; with classification, care, rehabilitation, employment, with classification, care, rehabilitation, employment, education/training, occupation and profession analysis; education/training, occupation and profession analysis; new regulations which will resolve the problems of new regulations which will resolve the problems of existing laws regarding disabled people are statedexisting laws regarding disabled people are stated

. .

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LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 ::This law constitutes the articles issuing directives and forming a This law constitutes the articles issuing directives and forming a frame regarding the following: the classification of disability, types of frame regarding the following: the classification of disability, types of care services, types of rehabilitation, early diagnosis of disability, job care services, types of rehabilitation, early diagnosis of disability, job and profession analysis, employment and sheltered employment, and profession analysis, employment and sheltered employment, education and training. In this law, “sheltered workshop” term is education and training. In this law, “sheltered workshop” term is used for the first time and sheltered workshops are adopted used for the first time and sheltered workshops are adopted especially for the employment of severely mentally handicapped. especially for the employment of severely mentally handicapped. With this law, vocational responsibilities of disabled people are With this law, vocational responsibilities of disabled people are given to related associations and organisations and local given to related associations and organisations and local governments.governments.

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LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 :: This law is helpful in getting fines taken from employers This law is helpful in getting fines taken from employers who do not comply with the requirements of quota. There who do not comply with the requirements of quota. There are some articles on public employment in the law.are some articles on public employment in the law.

In aforementioned law, care, types of care and care In aforementioned law, care, types of care and care requirements are defined. Those who do not have social requirements are defined. Those who do not have social security but need care are also included in financial security but need care are also included in financial support system.support system.

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LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 : : Again with this law, all children who are found to be in Again with this law, all children who are found to be in need of special education by evaluation boards are need of special education by evaluation boards are included in the scope of support. It is anticipated that in included in the scope of support. It is anticipated that in every university campus providing higher education, every university campus providing higher education, Disabled Students Advice and Coordination Centres Disabled Students Advice and Coordination Centres should be established. These centres will support should be established. These centres will support disabled university students attending university during disabled university students attending university during their education.their education.

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LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 ::This law addresses accessibility as well. All public buildings, roads, This law addresses accessibility as well. All public buildings, roads, pavements, pedestrian crossings, recreation areas and similar pavements, pedestrian crossings, recreation areas and similar social and cultural infrastructure areas should be accessible for social and cultural infrastructure areas should be accessible for disabled people. This law assigns metropolitan municipalities and disabled people. This law assigns metropolitan municipalities and municipalities some responsibilities. Municipalities are responsible municipalities some responsibilities. Municipalities are responsible for taking necessary measures to enable disabled people to use for taking necessary measures to enable disabled people to use public transport vehicles and raising awareness regarding disabled public transport vehicles and raising awareness regarding disabled people, establishing people, establishing “Disabled People Services” “Disabled People Services” which will provide which will provide guidance and counsellingguidance and counselling

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EDUCATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES:EDUCATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES:

Decree – Law No. 573, Decree – Law No. 573, dated 1997 on special education dated 1997 on special education came into force. This regulation identifies direct and came into force. This regulation identifies direct and indirect educational services which will be provided for indirect educational services which will be provided for disabled individuals and determines programmes, disabled individuals and determines programmes, schools and institutions which will provide these schools and institutions which will provide these services. As it is stated in the Decree, early intervention, services. As it is stated in the Decree, early intervention, pre-school, primary school, secondary school institutions pre-school, primary school, secondary school institutions and integration education of disabled people are and integration education of disabled people are guaranteed.guaranteed.

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EDUCATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: EDUCATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES:

Educational Institutions for Mentally HandicappedEducational Institutions for Mentally Handicapped;;

TThese are the schools which aim to improve the skills of hese are the schools which aim to improve the skills of basic life, integrate them into society, accumulating basic life, integrate them into society, accumulating information and skills regarding business life. Vocational information and skills regarding business life. Vocational training centres are formal vocational training institutions training centres are formal vocational training institutions aimed providing them with basic life and various aimed providing them with basic life and various professional skills. These centres provide occupational professional skills. These centres provide occupational training in several areas like carpentry, plastic training in several areas like carpentry, plastic manufacturing like rubbers and sack, handicrafts, manufacturing like rubbers and sack, handicrafts, business services, agriculture and so onbusiness services, agriculture and so on..

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Vocational High School for People with Impaired Vocational High School for People with Impaired HearingHearing; ; the basic approach of these schools is to the basic approach of these schools is to provide them with an integrated education with their non-provide them with an integrated education with their non-disabled peers in ordinary schools. There are multi-disabled peers in ordinary schools. There are multi-program vocational high schools for those who cannot program vocational high schools for those who cannot benefit from integrated education. In these high schools, benefit from integrated education. In these high schools, there are computer operations, furniture and furnishing, there are computer operations, furniture and furnishing, installation technologies, construction, painting, metal installation technologies, construction, painting, metal work, electricity, accountancy, textile-dressing classes.work, electricity, accountancy, textile-dressing classes.

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Vocational High Schools for Orthopedically DisabledVocational High Schools for Orthopedically Disabled;; CChildren who are orthopedically disabled generally attend hildren who are orthopedically disabled generally attend to normal schools. For orthopedically disabled students to normal schools. For orthopedically disabled students who can benefit from integrated education, there are who can benefit from integrated education, there are vocational high schools which have departments of vocational high schools which have departments of accountancy and dressing. There is possibility for these accountancy and dressing. There is possibility for these schools to welcome new and in-demand departments such schools to welcome new and in-demand departments such as computer science, electronics, and telecommunication.as computer science, electronics, and telecommunication.

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Vocational Training for Visually ImpairedVocational Training for Visually Impaired;; VVisually impaired isually impaired students generally attend to normal high schools (90%). There are students generally attend to normal high schools (90%). There are also students both sight impaired and going to vocational or also students both sight impaired and going to vocational or technical high schools. These students attend industrial vocational technical high schools. These students attend industrial vocational high schools, vocational school for girls (in total 6%), trade high schools, vocational school for girls (in total 6%), trade vocational high school (in total 3%), and art schools (in total 1%). vocational high school (in total 3%), and art schools (in total 1%). In undergraduate and post-graduate levels, the ratio of visually In undergraduate and post-graduate levels, the ratio of visually impaired students is higher than other handicapped groups. impaired students is higher than other handicapped groups.

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Training Centres for Autistic ChildrenTraining Centres for Autistic Children;;

TThese centres are at primary education level and there hese centres are at primary education level and there are special classes for autistic children. There are also are special classes for autistic children. There are also private centres specialising in this subject. At higher private centres specialising in this subject. At higher education levels, there are also newly founded education levels, there are also newly founded vocational training centres.vocational training centres.

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EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE:EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE:

Employment of disabled people is provided Employment of disabled people is provided mainly with quota/penalty system. Moreover, mainly with quota/penalty system. Moreover, there are specific legislations on employment of there are specific legislations on employment of disabled people. There are regulations based on disabled people. There are regulations based on Labour Law No. 4857, related provisions and Labour Law No. 4857, related provisions and articles in published regulations based on Public articles in published regulations based on Public Servants Law (657) and Officers Law.Servants Law (657) and Officers Law.

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EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE:EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE:The Ministry of Labour and Social Security, General Directorate of The Ministry of Labour and Social Security, General Directorate of Turkish Employment Agency and State Personnel Administration Turkish Employment Agency and State Personnel Administration are the chief institutions responsible for employment of disabled are the chief institutions responsible for employment of disabled people. people.

In the Regulations on Employment of Disabled People on the basis In the Regulations on Employment of Disabled People on the basis of Labour Law number 4587, employers who employ 50 or more of Labour Law number 4587, employers who employ 50 or more than 50 people have to employ disabled people at the ratio of 4% of than 50 people have to employ disabled people at the ratio of 4% of their total employees in their total employees in public sector public sector and 3% in and 3% in private sector. private sector. Employers who do not comply with this quota have to pay monthly Employers who do not comply with this quota have to pay monthly fines. fines.

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EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE: EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE: In the employment In the employment system, there are subventions intended for employers who system, there are subventions intended for employers who employ more than 3% disabled people which is the legal employ more than 3% disabled people which is the legal obligation, who employ disabled people although there is obligation, who employ disabled people although there is no legal obligation to do so and employers who employ no legal obligation to do so and employers who employ disabled people with incapacity to work being more than disabled people with incapacity to work being more than 80%. These employers are provided with the subvention of 80%. These employers are provided with the subvention of 50% discount for social security contributions for each 50% discount for social security contributions for each disabled person they employ. The fee difference in disabled person they employ. The fee difference in between is provided by State Treasury. between is provided by State Treasury.

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EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE: EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE:

There are also subventions for disabled people. Disabled There are also subventions for disabled people. Disabled people who are active in labour market benefit from tax people who are active in labour market benefit from tax deductions. The deduction rate varies according to deductions. The deduction rate varies according to severity of the impairment.severity of the impairment.

In addition to the system functioning on the base of In addition to the system functioning on the base of quota/fine, there are also new systems about training quota/fine, there are also new systems about training and employment for disabled people as well.and employment for disabled people as well.

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Regulations on Special Vocational Rehabilitation Regulations on Special Vocational Rehabilitation Centres Centres (the Official Gazette No. 26156, dated (the Official Gazette No. 26156, dated 02.05.2006); 02.05.2006); IIt is the regulation in which the first t is the regulation in which the first substantial arrangements are made about opening substantial arrangements are made about opening vocational rehabilitation centres. The objective of vocational rehabilitation centres. The objective of establishing these centres is to offer services providing establishing these centres is to offer services providing disabled people with economic and social welfare by disabled people with economic and social welfare by improving their competencies and increasing the improving their competencies and increasing the possibilities of employment.possibilities of employment.

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According to the aforementioned regulationAccording to the aforementioned regulation, the , the constituents of vocational rehabilitation are medical constituents of vocational rehabilitation are medical rehabilitation, vocational guidance, preparing for the job, rehabilitation, vocational guidance, preparing for the job, career development training before being employed or career development training before being employed or changing jobs, making job placement and employment changing jobs, making job placement and employment easier, and follow-up being carried out steadily and in easier, and follow-up being carried out steadily and in coordination in order to increase the number of disabled coordination in order to increase the number of disabled people in suitable positions sought for in the labour people in suitable positions sought for in the labour market in terms of their interest and skills. market in terms of their interest and skills.

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Social rehabilitation implementations which did not get Social rehabilitation implementations which did not get much attention in the past are also now in the much attention in the past are also now in the regulations. According to this, social rehabilitation will be regulations. According to this, social rehabilitation will be carried out in order to support disabled people’s carried out in order to support disabled people’s adaptation to home, centre and social surroundings and adaptation to home, centre and social surroundings and enable them to communicate with public/private enable them to communicate with public/private enterprises.enterprises.

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With Sheltered Workshops Regulation With Sheltered Workshops Regulation (the Official (the Official Gazette No. 26183, dated 30.05.2006),Gazette No. 26183, dated 30.05.2006), a legal basis for a legal basis for the construction of vocational rehabilitation and the construction of vocational rehabilitation and employment services aimed at disabled people who can employment services aimed at disabled people who can hardly enter the normal labour market has been hardly enter the normal labour market has been provided. These are the conditions to set up a sheltered provided. These are the conditions to set up a sheltered workshopworkshop..

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EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE: EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE: If this enterprise operates in a metropolitan municipality, If this enterprise operates in a metropolitan municipality, the minimum number of workers has to be 30; if this the minimum number of workers has to be 30; if this enterprise operates in a municipality, the minimum enterprise operates in a municipality, the minimum number of workers has to be 15; 75% of the employees number of workers has to be 15; 75% of the employees have to be disabled; in mentally handicapped employees have to be disabled; in mentally handicapped employees incapacity to work has to be 40%; in other handicapped incapacity to work has to be 40%; in other handicapped groups it has to be 60%; employees have to be over 15 groups it has to be 60%; employees have to be over 15 years old.years old.

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EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE: EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE: With these aforementioned regulationsWith these aforementioned regulations, providing , providing vocational training services ensured by public vocational training services ensured by public enterprises became obligatory for municipalities. Within enterprises became obligatory for municipalities. Within this framework, disabled people who want to benefit from this framework, disabled people who want to benefit from vocational training will be able to get in contact with vocational training will be able to get in contact with municipality and will be able to benefit from these municipality and will be able to benefit from these services thanks to the payments the municipality will services thanks to the payments the municipality will make.make.

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The Problems Encountered in Vocational The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsSystems,,The problems experienced prior to employment are: The problems experienced prior to employment are: there not being job and occupational analysis, lack of there not being job and occupational analysis, lack of vocational training, working conditions’ not being suitable vocational training, working conditions’ not being suitable for disabled people, lack of policies and initiatives, lack for disabled people, lack of policies and initiatives, lack of occupational skill and experience, economic structure of occupational skill and experience, economic structure of Turkey in general, and high unemployment rate.of Turkey in general, and high unemployment rate.

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The Problems Encountered in Vocational The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsSystems,,As it is in many other countries, vocational As it is in many other countries, vocational training/education system in Turkey is planned and training/education system in Turkey is planned and implemented for non-disabled people primarily. For this implemented for non-disabled people primarily. For this reason, vocational training/education system exclude reason, vocational training/education system exclude disabled people in the first step. They try to integrate disabled people in the first step. They try to integrate disabled people later on to the system which is designed disabled people later on to the system which is designed for the needs of non-disabled people. for the needs of non-disabled people.

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The Problems Encountered in Vocational The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsSystems,,However, for the methods that later developed do not However, for the methods that later developed do not cover the needs of disabled people, these people cannot cover the needs of disabled people, these people cannot benefit from vocational training-education at desired benefit from vocational training-education at desired level. Educational programmes in Turkey are general level. Educational programmes in Turkey are general and are not designed for specific characteristics of and are not designed for specific characteristics of people. people.

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The Problems Encountered in Vocational The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsSystems, , In the area of vocational training-education and In the area of vocational training-education and rehabilitation of disabled people, the coordination among rehabilitation of disabled people, the coordination among decision-making mechanisms, practitioners/schools and decision-making mechanisms, practitioners/schools and labour market labour market is not at a sufficient level. Some families is not at a sufficient level. Some families do not believe that their disabled children will be do not believe that their disabled children will be successful in vocational training-education and successful in vocational training-education and rehabilitation. rehabilitation.

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The Problems Encountered in Vocational The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsSystems, , Physical conditions in vocational Physical conditions in vocational training/education and rehabilitation centres which are training/education and rehabilitation centres which are inconvenient and inaccessible make it difficult for inconvenient and inaccessible make it difficult for disabled people to attend these programmes. All open disabled people to attend these programmes. All open public spaces, especially places and transportation public spaces, especially places and transportation vehicles for training-education and rehabilitation centres vehicles for training-education and rehabilitation centres are designed for “normal” people and people who are not are designed for “normal” people and people who are not able to move easily aren’t taken into account. able to move easily aren’t taken into account.

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The Problems Encountered in Vocational The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsSystems, , Mental level, capacity to work, health Mental level, capacity to work, health problems, interest and skills of disabled people are not problems, interest and skills of disabled people are not evaluated; prior to vocational training/education and evaluated; prior to vocational training/education and rehabilitation, physical and occupational evaluations rehabilitation, physical and occupational evaluations aren’t carried out. Vocational guidance, educational-aren’t carried out. Vocational guidance, educational-vocational development and orientation, occupational vocational development and orientation, occupational and professional consultancy practices are not sufficient. and professional consultancy practices are not sufficient.

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The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsRehabilitation and Employment Systems, ,

Vocational rehabilitation in Turkey is carried out by Vocational rehabilitation in Turkey is carried out by various institutions. However, the collaboration and various institutions. However, the collaboration and cooperation among these institutions are not sufficient. cooperation among these institutions are not sufficient. Vocational training/education and rehabilitation services Vocational training/education and rehabilitation services provided are determined without conducting any survey provided are determined without conducting any survey in labour market. Thus, disabled have difficulty in finding in labour market. Thus, disabled have difficulty in finding a job even if they have vocational training-education and a job even if they have vocational training-education and rehabilitation. rehabilitation.

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““OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKETOPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKET.”.” The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education,

Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsRehabilitation and Employment Systems, ,

Vocational training-education and rehabilitation is limited Vocational training-education and rehabilitation is limited to only teaching a profession. There isn’t any effective to only teaching a profession. There isn’t any effective social rehabilitation which will support disabled people’s social rehabilitation which will support disabled people’s physical and social adaptation to their families and social physical and social adaptation to their families and social surroundings. Vocational training/education and surroundings. Vocational training/education and rehabilitation requires the cooperation of professionals rehabilitation requires the cooperation of professionals from various areas; however, the number of from various areas; however, the number of professionals trained for vocational training/education professionals trained for vocational training/education and rehabilitation for disabled people fails to satisfy. and rehabilitation for disabled people fails to satisfy.

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The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsRehabilitation and Employment Systems, , In the course of the placement at a job, recruitment, and vocational In the course of the placement at a job, recruitment, and vocational training-education and rehabilitation about the continuance of the training-education and rehabilitation about the continuance of the employment, there are other problems. First of all, disabled people’s employment, there are other problems. First of all, disabled people’s not being able to find a job doesn’t only stem from the negative not being able to find a job doesn’t only stem from the negative conditions in the labour market. The biggest barrier for disabled conditions in the labour market. The biggest barrier for disabled employees is not their being mentally or physically handicapped, it employees is not their being mentally or physically handicapped, it is their not being qualified enough. Lack of training-education and is their not being qualified enough. Lack of training-education and rehabilitation services and lack of skills prevent them from rehabilitation services and lack of skills prevent them from participating fully in the labour market. participating fully in the labour market.

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At the stage of employment, tracking of disabled people At the stage of employment, tracking of disabled people participating in vocational training-education and rehabilitation participating in vocational training-education and rehabilitation services is not performed. After the rehabilitation programmes, services is not performed. After the rehabilitation programmes, disabled people who are employed aren’t followed, and they are disabled people who are employed aren’t followed, and they are not given any support for adaptation to the job and workplace. not given any support for adaptation to the job and workplace. Systems like employment coach, guidance and consultancy Systems like employment coach, guidance and consultancy services that can be necessary for employers and other employees services that can be necessary for employers and other employees to adapt disabled people to the job are not implemented. to adapt disabled people to the job are not implemented.

..

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Problems experienced after employment are as Problems experienced after employment are as following: productivity of disabled people’s being low, following: productivity of disabled people’s being low, carrying out necessary regulations insufficiently, carrying out necessary regulations insufficiently, employment in unsuitable positions, the high rate of employment in unsuitable positions, the high rate of dismissing disabled in a short period of time, dismissing disabled in a short period of time, inappropriate job placement, difficulty in transportation, inappropriate job placement, difficulty in transportation, the high rate of going to hospitals, discrimination and ill-the high rate of going to hospitals, discrimination and ill-treatment at work.treatment at work.

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In a study on this subject; according to employers, the In a study on this subject; according to employers, the reasons why employers have disabled employees below reasons why employers have disabled employees below the number of legal obligation are ineffectiveness of the number of legal obligation are ineffectiveness of disabled employees and their low level of performance. disabled employees and their low level of performance. 53% of the employers state that disabled employees do 53% of the employers state that disabled employees do not work effectively, 11,3% state that their capacity is not work effectively, 11,3% state that their capacity is insufficient, 8,5% state that the occupation is not suitable insufficient, 8,5% state that the occupation is not suitable for disabled people in those workplaces. for disabled people in those workplaces.

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““OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKETOPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKET.”.” Vocational Education/Training, Rehabilitation andVocational Education/Training, Rehabilitation and Employment Employment

SystemSystem;;

Employers have some suggestions to increase the employment Employers have some suggestions to increase the employment level.level.

Providing disabled people with the general education, vocational Providing disabled people with the general education, vocational education/training and vocational rehabilitation services.education/training and vocational rehabilitation services.

Occupation and profession analysis, Occupation and profession analysis,

Employment of disabled people according to their interests, skills, Employment of disabled people according to their interests, skills, and capacity, and capacity,

Implementation of preferential occupations in labour market,Implementation of preferential occupations in labour market,

Follow-up of disabled employees.Follow-up of disabled employees.

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Labour Market in Turkey ;Labour Market in Turkey ;

29,2% of disabled people registered to The National 29,2% of disabled people registered to The National Disability Database is mentally handicapped, 25,6% is Disability Database is mentally handicapped, 25,6% is disabled with chronic illnesses, 8,8% is orthopedically disabled with chronic illnesses, 8,8% is orthopedically handicapped, 8,4% is visually impaired, 5,9% is people handicapped, 8,4% is visually impaired, 5,9% is people having impaired hearing, 3,9% is mentally and having impaired hearing, 3,9% is mentally and emotionally handicapped, 0,2% is language and speech emotionally handicapped, 0,2% is language and speech handicapped, and 18% is those who have more than one handicapped, and 18% is those who have more than one disability. 58,6% of the registered people with disabilities disability. 58,6% of the registered people with disabilities is male, 41,4% is female (Survey on Problems and is male, 41,4% is female (Survey on Problems and Expectations of Disabled People, 2010).Expectations of Disabled People, 2010).

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Lack of data about especially expectations intended for Lack of data about especially expectations intended for labour market in our country makes it difficult to carry out labour market in our country makes it difficult to carry out exercises aimed at improving employment of disabled exercises aimed at improving employment of disabled people. Carrying out a sound study about this subject is people. Carrying out a sound study about this subject is necessary to have accurate data about detection of necessary to have accurate data about detection of manpower deficit.manpower deficit.

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With the acknowledgement of accessibility and With the acknowledgement of accessibility and employment problem for disabled people is one of the employment problem for disabled people is one of the principle problems that cannot be postponed, current principle problems that cannot be postponed, current regulations and things said about this issue should be regulations and things said about this issue should be put into practice. put into practice.

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It should not be forgotten that standard of living in a It should not be forgotten that standard of living in a country should be measured with the standard of living country should be measured with the standard of living of the weakest members of that country. Ethical standard of the weakest members of that country. Ethical standard of the community and welfare criteria is the standard of of the community and welfare criteria is the standard of living of disabled citizens. Caring about rights of disabled living of disabled citizens. Caring about rights of disabled people is not only one of the principal ethical values but people is not only one of the principal ethical values but also a duty and responsibility for every individual in the also a duty and responsibility for every individual in the community.community.

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Another important point is that a public administration Another important point is that a public administration aiming to make labour market employment better aiming to make labour market employment better quantitatively and qualitatively has to comprehend the quantitatively and qualitatively has to comprehend the views of the actors, who affect the labour demand with views of the actors, who affect the labour demand with their daily decisions in business management, about their daily decisions in business management, about professions needed currently and needed in the next ten professions needed currently and needed in the next ten years. Analysis of the place of employment of disabled years. Analysis of the place of employment of disabled people in the vision of future professions will be people in the vision of future professions will be complementary in this regard.complementary in this regard.

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Studies Carried Out and Things to Be DoneStudies Carried Out and Things to Be Done

In order to manage employment of disabled people In order to manage employment of disabled people more systematically, between the years of 2005 and more systematically, between the years of 2005 and 2010, an “Action Plan” for Employment of Disabled 2010, an “Action Plan” for Employment of Disabled People was prepared. In the preparation process, all the People was prepared. In the preparation process, all the concerned parties (ministries, public enterprises, concerned parties (ministries, public enterprises, associations for people with disabilities, social partners) associations for people with disabilities, social partners) were taken into account and there was a mutual were taken into account and there was a mutual understanding in taking new measures about understanding in taking new measures about employment for disabled persons. employment for disabled persons.

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This aforementioned action includes provisions about This aforementioned action includes provisions about improving recruitment, adaptation to work, job continuity improving recruitment, adaptation to work, job continuity and work.and work.

These provisions are collected under 10 headingsThese provisions are collected under 10 headings;;

1.1. Human rights should be taken into consideration while Human rights should be taken into consideration while planning policies related with employment of PWD planning policies related with employment of PWD (People with Disabilities). Any discrimination in any stage (People with Disabilities). Any discrimination in any stage of employment of PWD is abolished.of employment of PWD is abolished.

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2.2. Employment Policies for PWD should be in line with Employment Policies for PWD should be in line with National Employment Policy and should be constituted National Employment Policy and should be constituted with the collaboration of all stakeholders. with the collaboration of all stakeholders.

3.3. The employment policies for PWD should adapt itself The employment policies for PWD should adapt itself according to the restructuring of public administration according to the restructuring of public administration which includes local authorities and should consider the which includes local authorities and should consider the regional differences. regional differences.

44. National and international financial and human resources . National and international financial and human resources should be used effectively.should be used effectively.

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Studies Carried Out and Things to Be DoneStudies Carried Out and Things to Be Done;;

5.5. Public awareness should be raised to increase the rate Public awareness should be raised to increase the rate of employment among disabled peopleof employment among disabled people

6. 6. Model applications should be developed according to Model applications should be developed according to national need. national need.

7.7. Quota System and Penalty System should be revised Quota System and Penalty System should be revised such that it will increase the support for employees such that it will increase the support for employees

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8.8. Developments in the industrial production operations Developments in the industrial production operations should be followed and new arrangements should be should be followed and new arrangements should be made accordingly. made accordingly.

9.9. Alternative employment systems should be developed Alternative employment systems should be developed and self-employment should be encouraged.and self-employment should be encouraged.

10.10.The qualifications among disabled people should be The qualifications among disabled people should be increased such that it increase participation in the labour increased such that it increase participation in the labour market.market.

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According to the “Care Services Strategy and Action Plan According to the “Care Services Strategy and Action Plan 2011-2013” (the Official Gazette No. 27820, dated 2011-2013” (the Official Gazette No. 27820, dated 19.01.2011) prepared by the Directorate General of 19.01.2011) prepared by the Directorate General of Disability and Elderly Services Republic of Turkey Ministry Disability and Elderly Services Republic of Turkey Ministry of Family and Social Policies, it is stressed that social of Family and Social Policies, it is stressed that social services system in Turkey cannot provide a planned and services system in Turkey cannot provide a planned and programmed care service model for individuals in need of programmed care service model for individuals in need of nursing and support for the families who provide care and nursing and support for the families who provide care and protection for the disabled is insufficient. protection for the disabled is insufficient.

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In the plan in which it is pointed out that home care and In the plan in which it is pointed out that home care and day care services do not improve adequately because day care services do not improve adequately because social services in Turkey is being organised in a way social services in Turkey is being organised in a way generally called institutional care and for this reason generally called institutional care and for this reason modern care models cannot be implemented; it is modern care models cannot be implemented; it is expressed that home care implementations should be expressed that home care implementations should be structured also by taking international norms into account.structured also by taking international norms into account.

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In the plan in which it is also pointed out that for persons with In the plan in which it is also pointed out that for persons with mental disorders, there are no health facilities and boarding mental disorders, there are no health facilities and boarding or day, governmental or private centres with high security or day, governmental or private centres with high security which can provide services on rehabilitation and care after which can provide services on rehabilitation and care after medical treatment; it is emphasised that the quality of special medical treatment; it is emphasised that the quality of special care centres providing care services should be enhanced in care centres providing care services should be enhanced in order to provide them with effective care services, in a way order to provide them with effective care services, in a way that fulfils the needs and in a quality manner. that fulfils the needs and in a quality manner.

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In the plan, by also reminding that the issues of In the plan, by also reminding that the issues of vocational education/training for nursing staff providing vocational education/training for nursing staff providing care services and psychological support except for care services and psychological support except for certificate programmes provided by a limited number of certificate programmes provided by a limited number of institutions are not handled to date; it is stated that this institutions are not handled to date; it is stated that this situation prevents the quality, efficiency, performance situation prevents the quality, efficiency, performance and continuity of care services. and continuity of care services.

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In the plan, in which it is pointed out that it is important to In the plan, in which it is pointed out that it is important to advance and come up with support technologies which advance and come up with support technologies which will help each disabled group and age to improve their will help each disabled group and age to improve their skills and capacity, which they will use safely, skills and capacity, which they will use safely, comfortably and effectively; it is stated that following the comfortably and effectively; it is stated that following the developments in the world and popularising them by developments in the world and popularising them by adapting them to the conditions in Turkey are necessary. adapting them to the conditions in Turkey are necessary.

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The most important advantage of Care Action Plan 2011-The most important advantage of Care Action Plan 2011-2013 is that there will be a new system including nursing 2013 is that there will be a new system including nursing insurance, which disabled people have always hoped for, insurance, which disabled people have always hoped for, wanted, and the applications of which exist all over the wanted, and the applications of which exist all over the world.world.

There should be concentration on the studies that will There should be concentration on the studies that will change the point of view of the society about disabled change the point of view of the society about disabled people based on the truth that everyone may become people based on the truth that everyone may become handicapped some day.handicapped some day.

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““OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKETOPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKET.”.” SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS;;

Employment policy aimed at disabled people should be formed in a Employment policy aimed at disabled people should be formed in a way that is parallel to the unemployment problem, one of the main way that is parallel to the unemployment problem, one of the main problems of the country; suitable for national employment policy; problems of the country; suitable for national employment policy; favouring the human rights and far from all kinds of discrimination.favouring the human rights and far from all kinds of discrimination.

Employers should be provided with enthusiasm about employment Employers should be provided with enthusiasm about employment of disabled people by introducing successful disabled people taking of disabled people by introducing successful disabled people taking part in business life to the society. Special employment offices part in business life to the society. Special employment offices should be used more effectively to find suitable jobs for disabled should be used more effectively to find suitable jobs for disabled people according to their training/education. people according to their training/education.

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Creating social awareness and sensitivity studies as to Creating social awareness and sensitivity studies as to why improving disabled labour force for employers is why improving disabled labour force for employers is significant in terms of social policy. In the studies to be significant in terms of social policy. In the studies to be carried out, methods which highlight the existing capacity carried out, methods which highlight the existing capacity of disabled people instead of their deficiencies should be of disabled people instead of their deficiencies should be pursued.pursued.

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It should be guaranteed that vocational programmes intended for It should be guaranteed that vocational programmes intended for disabled people is provided in an effective, widespread and disabled people is provided in an effective, widespread and continuous way by associated institutions and organisations and continuous way by associated institutions and organisations and local administrations. In this education/training programmes, there local administrations. In this education/training programmes, there should not be any age or level of education limitations. Vocational should not be any age or level of education limitations. Vocational education/training courses should be organised according to the education/training courses should be organised according to the labour market needs of cities. On a going-forward basis regarding labour market needs of cities. On a going-forward basis regarding this subject, course programmes should be prepared by taking into this subject, course programmes should be prepared by taking into account the technological advancements (i.e. computer-assisted).account the technological advancements (i.e. computer-assisted).

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Currently, in employment of disabled people, information sector is Currently, in employment of disabled people, information sector is also prominent. Through information sector, participation in also prominent. Through information sector, participation in economic and social life becomes easier on account of flexibility and economic and social life becomes easier on account of flexibility and mobility in the sector. Opportunity to work in any environment where mobility in the sector. Opportunity to work in any environment where there is Internet, telephone and computer is provided. There is no there is Internet, telephone and computer is provided. There is no need to be dependent on a specific workplace. Opportunity to need to be dependent on a specific workplace. Opportunity to access information faster, assisting technology intended for the access information faster, assisting technology intended for the needs of disabled people are increasing the career opportunities for needs of disabled people are increasing the career opportunities for disabled people in this sector.disabled people in this sector.

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Provincial Employment and Vocational Training Boards should Provincial Employment and Vocational Training Boards should make decisions according to the city conditions for disabled make decisions according to the city conditions for disabled people’s participation in the labour market. There should be a people’s participation in the labour market. There should be a reward system in consideration of the penalty system that is reward system in consideration of the penalty system that is imposed on employers subject to obligatory employment imposed on employers subject to obligatory employment implementation. The way that employers have to pay a penalty implementation. The way that employers have to pay a penalty when they do not comply with the obligatory employment, when they do not comply with the obligatory employment, employers who comply with this should be rewarded.employers who comply with this should be rewarded.

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It should be provided that work environment is arranged for disabled It should be provided that work environment is arranged for disabled people. By taking into account the development in the process of people. By taking into account the development in the process of production structure and organisation of work, the conditions of production structure and organisation of work, the conditions of social security and job security of disabled employees, flexible social security and job security of disabled employees, flexible working configurations should be implemented.working configurations should be implemented.

Studies and development programmes aimed at improving the Studies and development programmes aimed at improving the performance levels of disabled people should continue after performance levels of disabled people should continue after employment.employment.

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With “Sheltered Workshops Regulations” published in the Official With “Sheltered Workshops Regulations” published in the Official Gazette No. 26183, dated 30.05.2006, sheltered workshops which Gazette No. 26183, dated 30.05.2006, sheltered workshops which are increasing in number and recognised worldwide about providing are increasing in number and recognised worldwide about providing employment for severely disabled people as well as mentally-employment for severely disabled people as well as mentally-emotionally handicapped are put into practice. However, for emotionally handicapped are put into practice. However, for aforementioned regulation to be suitable for current conditions, it aforementioned regulation to be suitable for current conditions, it should be provided that some support and incentives are given in should be provided that some support and incentives are given in the process of establishing a sheltered workplace and continuing its the process of establishing a sheltered workplace and continuing its existence.existence.

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As private sector should undertake important responsibilities about As private sector should undertake important responsibilities about employment of disabled people, private sector should increase their employment of disabled people, private sector should increase their efforts and works about the employment of disabled, develop lines efforts and works about the employment of disabled, develop lines of business. By benefitting from the implementations of EU member of business. By benefitting from the implementations of EU member countries, developing different qualifications of disabled people, countries, developing different qualifications of disabled people, different employment opportunities in private sector should be different employment opportunities in private sector should be created in accordance with the conditions of our country.created in accordance with the conditions of our country.

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Employment of disabled people should not be regarded as a social Employment of disabled people should not be regarded as a social responsibility project; it should be taken into account that they will responsibility project; it should be taken into account that they will be able to be in a productive position and contribute to the national be able to be in a productive position and contribute to the national economy by enriching the business life. economy by enriching the business life.

In sheltered and semi-sheltered workshops supported technically In sheltered and semi-sheltered workshops supported technically and financially by government and local administrations, disabled and financially by government and local administrations, disabled people should become integrated to professions that they have the people should become integrated to professions that they have the training/education for and marketing of the goods they produce in training/education for and marketing of the goods they produce in these places should be planned.these places should be planned.

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SummarySummary;;

Giving a chance to disabled people, providing them with Giving a chance to disabled people, providing them with opportunities to be successful, changing their lives, as a opportunities to be successful, changing their lives, as a part of our economy, placing them in a position of a part of our economy, placing them in a position of a producer instead of a consumer is the duty of everybody producer instead of a consumer is the duty of everybody and and WORKSENWORKSEN Project is one of the steps taken Project is one of the steps taken regarding this issue.regarding this issue.

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THANK YOU…THANK YOU…ERDOĞAN ÖZENERDOĞAN ÖZEN