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Contributors

Paul Allatson is the head of the International Studies Program at the University of Technology, Sydney; author of Latino Dreams: Transcultural Traffic and the U.S. National Imaginary (Rodopi, 2002) and Key Terms in Latino/a Cultural and Literary Studies (Blackwell, 2007); and coeditor of Exile Cultures, Misplaced Identities (Rodopi, 2008).

Gene H. Bell-Villada, a professor at Williams College, has authored or edited ten books. Among them are García Márquez: The Man and his Work (U of North Carolina P, 1990, revised 2010), Art for Art’s Sake & Literary Life (U of Nebraska P, 1996), two books of fiction, and a memoir: Overseas American: Growing Up Gringo in the Tropics (UP of Mississippi, 2005).

Nicholas Birns teaches at the New School; his books include Under-standing Anthony Powell (U of South Carolina P, 2004) and Theory After Theory: An Intellectual History of Literary Theory Since 1950 (Broadview, 2010).

Will H. Corral’s most recent books are El error del acierto (contra ciertos dogmas latinoamericanistas) (Paradiso, 2006) and Cartografía occidental de la novela hispanoamericana (Centro Cultural Benjamín Carrión, 2010). With Daphne Patai he coedited Theory’s Empire (Columbia UP, 2005).

Juan E. De Castro teaches at Eugene Lang College, the New School for Liberal Arts. His books are Mestizo Nations: Culture, Race, and Conformity in Latin American Literature (U of Arizona P, 2002) and The Spaces of Latin American Literature: Tradition, Globalization and Cultural Produc-tion (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).

The author of numerous essays on Latin American indigeneity and politics, Fabiola Escárzaga is a professor at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco. She is the coeditor of Movimiento indígena en América Latina: resistencia y proyecto alternativo, volumes 1

228 Contributors

and 2 (Juan Pablos, 2005, 2006), and Sobre la marcha: análisis sobre el movimiento zapatista (UAM, 2001).

One of the most prolific European scholars of Peruvian and Latin Ameri-can literature, Professor Emeritus Roland Forgues (Université de Pau) is the author most recently of Mario Vargas Llosa: ética y creación (Universi-dad de Ricardo Palma, 2009) and Gregorio Martínez, danzante de tijeras (Universidad de San Marcos, 2009).

Professor of Spanish and Portuguese at Temple University, Sergio R. Franco is the author of A favor de la esfinge. La novelística de Jorge Eduardo Eielson (Universidad de San Marcos, 2000) and the editor of José María Arguedas: Hacia una poética migrante (IILI, 2006).

Jean O’Bryan-Knight teaches at the University of Pennsylvania. Her publications on Andean authors include the book The Story of the Sto-ryteller: La tía Julia y el escribidor, Historia de Mayta and El hablador by Mario Vargas Llosa (Rodopi, 1995).

Sabine Köllmann is an independent researcher and translator in Lon-don. Her publications include Literatur und Politik—Mario Vargas Llosa (Peter Lang, 1996), Vargas Llosa’s Fiction & the Demons of Politics (Peter Lang, 2002), and coauthored with Brian Vickers, Mächtige Worte—Antike Rhetorik und europäische Literatur (LIT, 2008).

Ignacio López-Calvo is a professor of literature at the University of Cali-fornia, Merced. He is the author of Written in Exile. Chilean Fiction from 1973–Present (Routledge, 2001); Religión y militarismo en la obra de Mar-cos Aguinis 1963–2000 (Edwin Mellen, 2002); “God and Trujillo”: Liter-ary and Cultural Representations of the Dominican Dictator (UP of Florida, 2005); and Imaging the Chinese in Cuban Literature and Culture” (UP of Florida, 2007).

Index

Acción Popular, 34, 35, 125Aguilar Camín, Héctor, 192AIDS, 90, 100Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Ameri-

cana (APRA), 130, 149Amazon region, 1–2, 57–58, 108–17,

122–23, 151American Enterprise Institute (AEI), 6,

14, 21, 26, 37, 85, 103, 175, 184. See also Irving Kristol Award

Añaños, 65Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 193, 204–6Argentina, 16, 38Arguedas, Alcides, 88Arguedas, José María, 31–32, 59, 64,

89, 105, 113, 180, 190, 192, 195Arnold, Matthew, 24Aron, Raymond, 130Ataucusi Gamonal, Ezequiel, 132Auden, W. H., 6Aznar, José Maria, 177

Bachelet, Michelle, 12, 42Bakhtin, Mikhail, 79Balaguer, Joaquín, 12, 140–41, 143,

145–46Balzac, Honoré de, 142, 153, 174, 195Barnes, Julian, 194Barth, John, 1Bataille, Georges, 159, 163Bauman, Zygmunt, 7Beatles, 13Beauvoir, Simone de, 4, 148Beebee, Thomas, 77Belaúnde Terry, Fernando, 34, 71

Bell-Villada, Gene H., 10, 15, 48–49, 109, 156, 198–99

Belmont, Ricardo, 133–34Benedetti, Mario, 192Benjamin, Walter, 8Benson, Elizabeth P., 110Bensoussan, Albert, 202Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 14, 47, 191, 207Bernucci, Leopoldo, 80Bioy Casares, Alberto, 195Bishop, Elizabeth, 73Bloom, Harold, 81Bolivia, 123, 127, 155Borges, Jorge Luis, 104–5, 152, 156,

180–81, 195Bourdieu, Pierre, 10Boyers, Robert, 140, 198, 199Brazil, 5, 42, 73–82, 148, 155, 199Bright, John, 7Burgess, Anthony, 194Bush, George W., 21–24, 38, 42, 81

Calvino, Italo, 4Camus, Albert, 7, 15, 148, 151,

160–68, 186, 190, 199, 203Canudos, 5, 9, 73, 76, 78, 81, 148, 183capitalism, 3, 24, 64–66, 72, 134–35,

174–75. See also free marketCardenal, Ernesto, 176Carpentier, Alejo, 3Castro, Fidel, 2, 4, 10, 34, 37, 72, 148,

149, 177, 178, 195Castro-Klarén, Sara, 153Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 181,

182Charlemagne, 83

230 Index

Chávez, Hugo, 10, 12, 16, 30, 36–39, 40, 41– 42, 178, 206

Cheney, Richard B., 21chicha culture (cultura chicha), 64, 106.

See also hybridityChile, 7, 24, 41, 42, 96–97, 148, 199Cholo, 36, 64, 129, 133–34, 195Christensen, Jerome C., 73Christian democracy, 33, 40, 129Christianity, 22–23, 82–83, 91, 113,

121, 123, 126, 167Cobden, Richard, 7Cohn, Norman, 82Comte, Auguste, 78, 133. See also

positivismCongrains Martin, Enrique, 88Conrad, Joseph, 155Conselheiro (Counselor), Antonio, 16,

73–83, 196Cooper, James Fenimore, 12Coover, Robert, 194Cornejo Polar, Antonio, 105–6corporate populism, 73Correa, Rafael, 12, 30, 36Cortázar, Julio, 1, 4, 34, 156, 195, 202,

208Cuban Revolution, 1–4, 33–34, 37, 47,

72, 108, 148, 155, 177–78, 190, 193

Cueto, Alonso, 195, 198, 208culture, 24–26, 110, 113, 132, 177,

185, 196Cunha, Euclides da, 72–83, 199Cuza Malé, Belkis, 4. See also Padilla

Affair

Da Matta, Roberto, 193Dante, Alighieri, 182Darwin, Charles, 76, 133Deleuze, Gilles, 132Descartes, René, 162Díaz, Porfirio, 77Díaz, Roberto Ignacio, 81Díaz Martínez, Manuel, 4. See also

Padilla Affair

Dickens, Charles, 142dictatorship, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 24, 31, 40,

52, 80, 148, 151, 174–77, 180, 206

Diggins, John P., 198, 205disease and health, 32, 88–89, 91–92,

95–97Dohmann, Barbara, 153Donoso, José, 195Dos Passos, John, 150, 151, 201Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 164, 202Dreiser, Theodore, 6Dreyfus Affair, 189Dumas, Alexandre, 142, 147, 159Dunkerley, James, 91–92

Eco, Umberto, 195Edwards, Jorge, 195Eliot, T. S., 6Ellis, Robert Richmond, 99Elmore, Peter, 79Engels, Friedrich, 148. See also Marxismentrepreneurs, 9, 14, 47–66, 79, 130,

134, 149, 156, 202Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 148Eurocentrism, 11, 76, 133, 192

FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revoluciona-rias de Colombia), 42

Faulkner, William, 2, 143, 146, 147, 151, 159, 201

Faverón Patriau, Gustavo, 178Fernández, Pablo Armando, 4. See also

Padilla AffairFernández Retamar, Roberto, 193Flaubert, Gustave, 9, 142, 147, 151–53,

156, 159, 195, 209Flores, Lourdes, 39, 40Forster, E. M., 154Foucault, Michel, 7, 85, 195France, 6, 83, 159–69FREDEMO (Frente Democrático), 59,

125, 134freedom, 3, 22–23, 26–27, 37, 57, 60,

80, 110, 130, 160, 168, 175–76,

Index 231

178, 182, 183, 189, 197, 201, 207, 208

free market, 5, 7, 15, 23–27, 40, 41, 47–66, 71–72, 85, 130, 132–33, 149, 183, 184, 185, 206–7

Friedman, Milton, 47, 130, 149Fuentes, Carlos, 1, 13, 34, 148, 151,

154, 156Fujimori, Alberto, 5, 9, 12, 16, 30–32,

35–36, 37, 40, 41, 44, 60, 125, 133, 149, 195

Fundación Internacional para la Liber-tad, 184

Galíndez, Jesús de, 156García, Alan, 5, 8, 34, 39–41, 42, 59,

126, 129–30, 149, 184García Márquez, Gabriel, 1, 4, 13, 34,

72, 149, 151–52, 156, 160, 177, 195, 208

Gauguin, Paul, 163, 165–67, 184Gaulle, Charles de, 6gay rights, 22–23, 85, 94, 97, 176,

184–85Gerdes, Dick, 153Gilman, Sander, 91González Prada, Manuel, 88, 117Gothic, 95–96governmentality,7Graham, Cunninghame, 81Grandin, Greg, 81Grass, Günter, 185–86Greene, Graham, 1Grossman, Edith, 140Guerra, Rui, 74Guevara, Ernesto Che, 3, 195

Hardwick, Elizabeth, 73Harrison, Kathryn, 194Harss, Luis, 153Harvey, David, 22, 24Havel, Václav, 8, 176Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl, 130Hayek, Friedrich von, 24, 47, 130, 149,

183, 191

Hemingway, Ernest, 1, 201Heidegger, Martin, 6Heritage Foundation, 184–85heterolingual, 81Higgins, James, 88Hispanic-American Center for Eco-

nomic Research, 184Hobsbawn, Eric, 9Homer, 80–81Hugo, Victor, 6, 153, 160, 186, 190,

195, 200, 201Hu Jintao, 7Humala, Ollanta, 30, 36, 38–42Huntington, Samuel, 25Husak, Gustav, 8Huston, Hollis, 98Hutcheon, Linda, 80hybridity, 27, 64, 106, 131. See also

chicha culture

Icaza, Jorge, 59identity, 11–12, 25–26, 92–93, 97, 99,

133, 165, 177, 182, 205, 207ideology, 7, 11, 13, 31, 38, 59, 72, 76,

78, 85, 91, 98, 114–15, 119, 122, 131, 150, 180, 182, 183, 191–92, 206–7, 210

Indian/indigenous, 11, 15, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38–39, 43, 57, 59, 61, 64, 88, 89–90, 92, 93, 96, 97, 100, 103–24, 129, 133, 150, 177

indigenism/indigenismo, 16, 31, 59, 64, 103–9, 110, 112–13, 115–21, 123, 149–50, 190, 193, 196

informal economy, 48–66intellectuals, 4, 6–9, 12, 15, 29–30, 57,

88, 148, 159, 167, 173, 176, 178, 180, 182, 185–86, 193, 201–3, 206–7

Irving Kristol Award, 21–23, 25, 103, 123, 175, 185

Israel, 177

jagunço, 76, 79, 83Johnson, Adriana, 76, 78

232 Index

Johnson, Samuel, 194journalism, 13, 15, 33, 34, 73, 180,

182, 199Joyce, James, 2, 80–81, 151, 153, 159

Kafka, Franz, 109, 151Kam Wen, Siu, 103Karp de Toledo, Eliane, 36Kennedy, William, 194King, John, 177Kirchner, Néstor, 36Kokotovic, Misha, 110, 113Kristal, Efraín, 71, 74, 79–80, 103, 115,

122–23, 177Kristeva, Julia, 100Kristol, Irving, 22

Latour, Bruno, 81Leavis, F. R., 9left, 2–3, 5, 6, 8–9, 11–12, 13, 15, 21,

31, 33, 39, 41, 42, 43, 47, 49, 59, 65, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 90–92, 94, 97–98, 100, 107, 116, 130, 148, 150–55, 168, 176, 178–79

Le Guin, Ursula K., 194Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 148Letras Libres, 179Lezama Lima, José, 199liberalism, 7, 14, 22–24, 34, 47, 72, 75,

80, 85, 87, 99–102, 130, 132–35, 150, 174–75, 176, 178, 183, 185, 199, 207–8, 209. See also neoliberalism

libertarianism, 14, 71, 149–51, 160Lima, 34, 35, 38, 50, 54, 56, 71, 87,

88, 89–90, 105–7, 109, 114, 122, 134, 135, 139, 150, 159, 161, 195–96

Lins, Rómulo, 111literary theory, 14, 208López Obrador, Andrés Manuel, 36Lovejoy, Arthur O., 206, 209Lowe, Elizabeth, 75Lowell, Robert, 73

Löwith, Karl, 82Lowry, Malcolm, 1

Machiguenga, 56, 58, 108–15, 150Mailer, Norman, 148Maíz, Claudio, 204, 208Malraux, André, 6, 160, 167, 168Marchal, Lucien, 81Mariátegui, José Carlos, 58, 89, 108,

116–17, 195Marx, Karl, 58, 148. See also MarxismMarxism, 8, 34, 80, 82, 93, 108, 154,

156, 185, 199, 206, 208Matto de Turner, Clorinda, 74Maupassant, Guy de, 159Mayta Mercado, Vicente, 108, 155Melville, Herman, 81Menchú, Rigoberta, 193Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 160messianism, 82–83, 116, 205mestizaje, 104mestizos, 30, 32, 33, 36, 43, 49, 56, 57,

59, 88, 104, 105, 112, 117, 120, 129, 134

military, 2, 5, 52, 88, 122, 185millenarianism. See messianismMirabal sisters, 156Mises, Ludwig von, 149, 183, 183modernity, 3, 7, 11, 75, 113, 205Montaigne, Michel de, 160Monterroso, Augusto, 195Morales, Evo, 30, 36, 38–39Moro, César, 195Morote, Herbert, 178Movimiento Cívico Independiente

OBRAS, 134Movimiento Libertad, 59, 125, 130multiculturalism, 26–27, 110, 177, 205myth, 11, 33, 118, 167, 169

nationalism, 16, 22, 24–26, 37–39, 98–99, 123, 183–84, 195, 202, 204, 205, 206

Nealon, Jeffrey, 72

Index 233

neoconservatism, 9–11, 21–27, 176, 185

neoliberalism, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14–16, 21–24, 26–27, 29–33, 35, 36, 41, 43, 47–48, 52, 59–60, 64, 65, 76, 82, 105, 123, 174–75, 193, 199, 201, 205. See also liberalism

Neruda, Pablo, 6, 199Nogueira Galvão, Walnice, 77novel genre, 77–80, 115, 123, 143, 209Nozick, Robert, 130, 149

Obama, Barack, 5O’Bryan-Knight, Jean, 109, 116Odría, Manuel A., 2, 51, 52, 151Onetti, Juan Carlos, 190, 193, 195, 209Ortega, Daniel, 30, 36Ortiz Arcos, Jermías, 132Orwell, George, 15, 197, 200, 210Ossio, Juan, 132, 193Oviedo, José Miguel, 152–53

Padilla affair, 3, 4, 21, 47, 148, 178Padilla, Heberto, 4, 34, 47, 72, 148,

178Paniagua, Valentín, 35Partido Popular Cristiano, 34, 125Paz, Octavio, 6, 167, 176, 196, 206Pedreira, Antonio S., 88Peru, 2, 5, 6, 29–43, 49, 52–66, 71, 72,

86–91, 92, 95, 96–100, 105–23, 125–34, 150, 155, 163, 184

Peruvian presidential elections 1990, 8–9, 15, 30, 32, 34, 125–33, 149, 191

Peruvian presidential elections 2000/2001, 35–36, 39

Peruvian presidential elections 2006, 38–42, 184

Peruvian (Andean) highlands, 33, 50, 53, 60, 64–65

Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto, 7, 24, 148, 177

Piñon, Nélida, 75

Podhoretz, Norman, 9Popper, Karl, 47, 130, 190positivism, 73, 74–75, 78postmodernism, 14, 73, 75, 76, 79–80,

81–82, 108, 115–16Pound, Ezra, 6primitivism, 132progress, 3, 11, 25, 58, 73, 77, 97, 133,

166, 168, 183, 200Proust, Marcel, 159Puig, Manuel, 152Putnam, Samuel, 73, 75

Quevedo, Francisco de, 181Quiroz, Alfonso W., 59

race and racism, 11, 30, 32, 38–39, 79, 91, 104–5, 120–21, 123, 129, 133, 134, 151, 182

Rama, Angel, 78, 80, 81, 106, 155, 208Rand, Ayn, 150Rangel, Carlos, 191, 206Reagan, Ronald, 9, 72, 82religion, 16, 22–23, 78, 114, 120, 122,

180, 182Revel, Jean François, 191, 199, 208revolution, 9, 15, 56, 72, 96, 107–8,

116Reyes, Alfonso, 192, 201Right, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16, 21–27, 34,

39, 40, 72–73, 103, 149, 168, 185, 198

Roa Bastos, Augusto, 199Robb, Graham, 200Román, José (Pupo), 141, 145–46Rómulo Gallegos Award, 2, 3, 178, 197Rulfo, Juan, 151Rushdie, Salman, 1

Salazar Bondy, Sebastián, 88Sánchez-Sáez, Braulio, 78Sandinistas, 71Santamaría, Haydée, 3, 4Santiago, Silviano, 208Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino, 88

234 Index

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 4, 6–7, 148, 155, 160–65, 168, 186, 190, 195, 203

Schwarz, Roberto, 208Schweitzer, Albert, 176science, 23, 58, 77, 79, 111, 205Scott, Sir Walter, 12Sebastianism, 82Semprún, Jorge, 176Sendero Luminoso, 34, 60, 62, 64, 65,

72, 114, 116–17, 119–22, 149, 150sertaõ, 75Setti, Ricardo, 143, 198, 208sex and sexuality, 92–97, 98, 99, 100,

128, 142, 144, 146, 153, 154, 155, 165, 167, 180

Shakespeare, William, 10, 147, 182Shining Path. See Sendero LuminosoSilva, Luis Inácio Lula da, 39, 42Sommer, Doris, 113Sontag, Susan, 4, 91, 176Soto, Hernando de, 5, 21, 34, 48,

54–56, 64, 71, 134, 206Souza, Raymond D., 92–93Spain, 2, 34, 37, 64, 88, 139, 177, 184Spencer, Herbert, 133Stone, Robert, 72, 83, 194Subcomandante Marcos, 193Sweden, 6Swift, Jonathan, 165, 197

Teixeira, Marcos, 111Thatcher, Baroness Margaret, 24, 72, 149Toledo, Alejandro, 35–36, 38–39Tolstoy, Leo (Count Lev Nikolayevich),

182Treichler, Paula A., 90Trilling, Lionel, 9Tristán, Flora, 9, 10, 165, 166–67, 184,

196Trujillo, Rafael Leónidas, 5, 10, 80,

140–53, 156, 197

United Kingdom, 6United States, 1, 5, 9, 10, 21, 23,

25–26, 71, 81, 107, 191, 193

Updike, John, 1, 194utopia/utopianism, 9, 15, 26–27,

31–32, 59, 72–73, 82–83, 97, 107–8, 109, 112, 114, 118, 123, 132, 165, 167, 168, 196

Valcárcel, Luis E., 107, 110, 111, 117, 118

Vallejo, César, 195Vargas Llosa, Álvaro, 16, 35, 60Vargas Llosa, Mario

A Fish in the Water, 8, 10, 31, 32, 99, 125–35, 149, 184, 191, 202, 208

Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, 5, 13, 49, 52, 80, 105, 116, 154, 155, 159

autobiography in, 99, 116, 125–29The Bad Girl, 10, 16, 40, 159, 160,

161–67, 183, 190, 194, 195biography

break with the Left, 4–5, 8, 21, 34, 47, 71–72, 148, 178

early career, 2–3, 47, 148, 151–52

opposition to Populist Left, 16, 30, 36–40, 41–43, 59–60, 130, 149, 176, 206

parents and family, 65, 127–29Presidential Campaign in

Peruvian Elections of 1990 (see Peruvian Presidential Elections 1990)

youth, 2, 58, 129–30, 142, 148, 155, 160

Captain Pantoja and the Special Ser-vice, 5, 13, 74, 154, 155, 159

La Chunga, 183“Confessions of a Liberal,” 22–27,

85, 174, 183, 185Conversación en La Catedral. See Con-

versation in the CathedralConversation in the Cathedral, 2, 49,

100, 141, 147, 148, 153, 154, 156, 174, 183–84

Index 235

culture of freedom, 23, 26, 27, 197, 207

“cut-rate intellectuals,” 202Death in the Andes, 11, 13, 15,

60–64, 66, 105, 108, 116–22, 147, 150, 155, 183

Diccionario del amante de América Latina, 190, 194, 196, 198–202, 203, 207

Entre Sartre y Camus, 148, 203The Feast of the Goat, 5, 10, 15–16,

80, 139–58, 174, 183–84, 189, 199, 201

form in, 140–47Fundación Internacional para la

Libertad, 184The Green House, 2, 49, 115, 141,

143, 147, 154, 196, 209Historia de Mayta. See The Real Life

of Alejandro MaytaIn Praise of the Stepmother, 100, 159,

201“Latin American Novel Today,” 73“Literature Is Fire,” 2–3, 178, 197Notebooks of Don Rigoberto, 100, 159,

182, 201The Perpetual Orgy: Flaubert and

Madame Bovary, 142, 151, 159“Piedra de toque” column, 149, 205The Real Life of Alejandro Mayta,

12, 52–55, 56, 66, 85–101, 105, 106, 107–8, 115–16, 123, 155–56

Rómulo Gallegos Award, 2–3, 178, 197

The Storyteller, 11, 15, 56–59, 60, 105, 116, 121, 122, 147, 150, 183, 193

The Temptation of the Impossible, 190, 195, 197, 200

The Time of the Hero, 2, 49, 100, 129, 147, 152, 154, 183

Touchstones, 190, 194, 202, 204, 209La utopía arcaica: José María Arguedas

y las ficciones del indigenismo, 31–32, 39, 64, 105–8, 109–10, 118, 192–93

La verdad de las mentiras, 197, 209The War of the End of the World,

5, 9, 15, 66, 71–83, 100, 141, 147, 148, 152, 154, 155, 159, 183, 200

The Way to Paradise, 9, 15, 66, 156, 159–67, 184, 190

Wellsprings, 12, 14, 80, 191, 194, 196, 206, 207

A Writer’s Reality, 86, 91, 104–5, 108, 114, 115, 209

Vásquez, Tabaré, 39, 42Vásquez Montalbán, Manuel, 156, 174Velasco Alvarado, Juan, 8, 71Véliz, Claudio, 10Venezuela, 16, 30, 36–40, 42, 178

Wasserman, Renata, 81Weber, Max, 126–27Werz, Nikolaus, 206Wilder, Thornton, 1Williams, Raymond L., 5, 34, 73, 109Williamson, Judith, 96Wilson, Edmund, 1Wolfowitz, Paul, 21Woolf, Virginia, 151

Yamaguchi, Masao, 193

Zapata, Roger A., 92