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Essential Biology 2.1 Cell Theory Due Date:

Student Name:

Blog resource: http://tinyurl.com/29znhft

Cite all sources using the CSE method (or ISO 690 Numerical in Word). The first example has been done for you. Complete the self-assessment rubric before submitting to Moodle. You may print pages 3&4.

1. State the functions of life, as demonstrated by all living organisms.

2. Define the following terms, with examples: Unicellular

Multicellular

Acellular

3. State some examples of modern technology that have confirmed cell theory.

4. Outline the three fundamental statements of cell theory

i. Cells are the smallest units of life

ii.

iii.

Fargo—IB Biology LHSCourtesy of Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com/

http://tinyurl.com/29znhft


Student Name:

5. Outline the significance of the work of these scientists in forming cell theory.

i. Antonie van Leuwenhoek

ii. Robert Hooke

iii. Louis Pasteur and Robert Remak

6. Describe how the following examples might be exceptions to cell theory.

a. Muscle cells and fungal hyphae

b. Viruses

c. Amoebae

7. Complete this table of SI units of length:

Unit Abbreviation Metric EquivalentWhole scientific notation

kilometer km 1 000 m 103 m

m 1 m 1m

centimeter cm 10-2 m




Student Name:

mm 0.001 m 10-3 m

micrometer μm 0.000 001 m

nanometer nm 10-9m

8. The diagram below shows the characteristic rod-shaped structure of E. coli bacteria.

a. Calculate the magnification of the image.

b. State the method (shown here) by which bacteria reproduce.

9. Calculate the actual size of the structures delineated in yellow.




Student Name:

10. Calculate the magnification of these scale bars:




Student Name:

11. What is the magnification of these images?

a. Scale bar 10µm measures 40mm on the image.

b. Scale bar 5µm measures 25mm on the image.

12. A micrograph has a scale bar of 2µm, which measures 40mm on the image. Measuring the maximum length of the cell in the image, the ruler reads 180mm. How long is the cell?

13. A student views an image of a cell magnified 350 times. The image is 250mm long. What is the actual length of the sample in the image?




Student Name:

14. Compare the sizes of these structures. Use SI units.

Plant cell Animal cell nucleus bacteria Mito-

chondria virus ribosomeMembrane thickness molecules

15. Use some of these electron microscope resources to view molecules, cells and structures and to practice calculating magnifications and actual sizes.

Virtual Electron Microscope: http://virtual.itg.uiuc.edu/

Microscopy UK: http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/

16. As the volume of a cell increases, what happens to…? (increase/ decrease)

a. Production of waste products.

b. Usage of nutrients and oxygen.

c. The surface area: volume ratio.

17. State the advantages of maximizing the surface area: volume ratio in a cell.

18. List some adaptations used by cells to maximize SA:Vol ratio.

19. List some adaptations used by multicellualr organisms to maximize SA:Vol ratio




Student Name:

20. Describe how a large SA:Vol ration can be harmful or costly to small animals.

21. Describe how the invasive Caulerpa algae genus break the rules of SA:Vol.

22. Unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life, multi-cellular organisms differentiate and show emergent properties. a. Describe what is meant by the term emergent properties.

b. Outline the advantages of cells differentiating to carry out specific functions.

23. All cells in a living organism carry the same genetic information. a. Define stem cell.

b. Define the following types of stem cells. Pluripotent

Multipotent

Nullipotent

c. List two types of stem cell that can come from liver stem cells.

24. Outline the process of cell differentiation that leads from an uncommitted stem cell to a specialized cell, including the role of gene expression. A flow chart might help.




Student Name:

25. Outline the relationship between structure and function in three types of specialized cells. Specialized cell Structure vs functionSperm cell Very small, low energy to produce. Hydrodynamic head with digestive enzymes

to aid fertilization of the egg. Rotor section and tail to aid swimming.

26. Complete the table below to explain two ways in which stem cells can be used in medicine.

Therapeutic cloning Stem cell transplants

Used to treat

Brief method:

Ethical considerations




Student Name:

Extension Reading:

Stem cells cure sickle cell anemia in mice:http://medgadget.com/archives/2007/12/scientists_cure_sickle_cell_anemia_in_mouse_model.htmlWhat human examples of stem cell therapy have been in the news recently?

10 amazing medical breakthroughs (read them all):http://www.time.com/time/specials/2008/top10/article/0,30583,1855948_1863993,00.html

iPS Stem cells used to make human neurons:http://scienceblogs.com/notrocketscience/2008/08/stem_cells_created_from_als_patient_and_used_to_make_neurons.php What is special about iPS stem cells? Do a search for more recent stories – how is research progressing? How might this technology reduce objections to

Giant bacterium with many genomeshttp://scienceblogs.com/notrocketscience/2008/04/enormous_bacterium_uses_thousands_of_genome_copies_to_its_ad.php How does this bacterium cope with being so large?

Works Cited1. Allott, Andrew. IB Study Guide: Biology for the IB Diploma. s.l. : Oxford University Press, 2007. 978-0-19-915143-1.

Self Assessment:

Essential Biology AssessmentCriterion Complete (2) Partially complete (1) Self MrT

Presentation & Organisation NA

Complete and neat. All command terms highlighted, tables and

diagrams well presented.

Academic Honesty NA

Sources cited using the CSE (ISO 690 numerical) method, with Works Cited section complete and correct.

Objective 1 understanding

All answers for the following command terms correct:

Most answers for the following command terms correct:

Define Draw Label List Measure State



http://scienceblogs.com/notrocketscience/2008/04/enormous_bacterium_uses_thousands_of_genome_copies_to_its_ad.php

http://scienceblogs.com/notrocketscience/2008/08/stem_cells_created_from_als_patient_and_used_to_make_neurons.php

http://www.time.com/time/specials/2008/top10/article/0,30583,1855948_1863993,00.html

http://medgadget.com/archives/2007/12/scientists_cure_sickle_cell_anemia_in_mouse_model.html


Student Name:

Objective 2 understanding



Annotate Apply Calculate Describe Distinguish Estimate Identify Outline

Objective3understanding



Analyse Comment Compare Construct Deduce Derive Design Determine Discuss

Evaluate Explain Predict Show Solve Sketch Suggest

Logic, notation, mathematical

workingNA

Answers are presented in a logical and concise manner. SI units used

most times, with correct unit symbols and definitions of terms. All

mathematical working shown.

Further research NA

Evidence is apparent of research and reading beyond the textbook and

presentations to find correct answers to challenging questions. If any questions are unanswered, this

criterion scores zero. Total (max 10):



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